用flask开发个人博客（29）—— 其他主要模块

来源：互联网发布：java 节假日判断编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/19 03:42

前面介绍了几个基本的flask程序结构的模块，下面回顾下所有模块的功能：

1. config.py:

import osbasedir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))class Config:    SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY') or 'hard to guess string'    SQLALCHEMY_COMMIT_ON_TEARDOWN = True    FLASKY_MAIL_SUBJECT_PREFIX='[Flasky]'    FLASKY_MAIL_SENDER = '879651072@qq.com'    FLASKY_ADMIN = os.environ.get('FLASKY_ADMIN')    SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = True    @staticmethod    def init_app(app):        passclass DevelopmentConfig(Config):    DEBUG = True    MAIL_SERVER = 'smtp.qq.com'    MAIL_PORT = 587    MAIL_USE_TLS = True    MAIL_USERNAME = os.environ.get('MAIL_USERNAME')    MAIL_PASSWORD = os.environ.get('MAIL_PASSWORD')    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = os.environ.get('DEV_DATABASE_URI') or \            'sqlite:///' + os.path.join(basedir,'data-dev.sqlite')class TestingConfig(Config):    TESTING = False    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = os.environ.get('TEST_DATABASE_URI') or \            'sqlite:///' + os.path.join(basedir,'data-test.sqlite')class ProductionConfig(Config):    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = os.environ.get('DATABASE_URI') or \            'sqlite:///' + os.path.join(basedir,'data.sqlite')config={        'development':DevelopmentConfig,        'testing':TestingConfig,        'production':ProductionConfig,        'default':DevelopmentConfig        }

config.py主要提供flask的程序实例app的配置，通过app.config.from_object()的app接口对Config类对象进行加载，来进行app的配置

2. app/main/errors.py

from flask import render_templatefrom . import main@main.app_errorhandler(404)def page_not_found(e):    return render_template('404.html'),404@main.app_errorhandler(500)def inter_server_error(e):    return render_template('500.html'),500

定义错误界面的模块，main为一个蓝本对象，通过main.app_errorhandler将url和视图函数进行关联。

3. app/main/views.py

from datetime import datetimefrom flask import render_template,session,redirect,url_for,current_appfrom . import mainfrom .forms import NameFormfrom .. import dbfrom ..models import Userfrom .. import mailfrom ..email import msg@main.route('/',methods=['GET','POST'])def index():    name=None    form=NameForm()    if form.validate_on_submit():        user=User.query.filter_by(username=form.name.data).first()        if user is None:            user =User(username=form.name.data)            db.session.add(user)            session['konwn'] = False            if current_app.config['FLASKY_ADMIN']:                mail.send(msg)        else:            session['known'] = True        session['name']= form.name.data        form.name.data=''        return redirect(url_for('main.index'))    return render_template('index.html',form=form,name=session.get('name'),            known=session.get('known',False))

视图函数模块，主要通过main.route()添加url和普通视图函数的映射。

4. app/main/forms.py

from flask_wtf import FlaskFormfrom wtforms import TextField,SubmitFieldfrom wtforms.validators import DataRequiredclass NameForm(FlaskForm):    name=TextField('what is your name?',validators=[DataRequired()])    submit=SubmitField('Submit')

封装了表单类的模块，在视图模块中调用

5.app/main/int.py

from flask import Blueprintmain=Blueprint('main',__name__)from . import views,errors

包初始化模块，定义了一个蓝本对象main，以在views.py和errors.py中使用

6. app/models.py

from app import dbclass Role(db.Model):    __tablename__='role'    id=db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True)    name=db.Column(db.String(64),unique=True)    users=db.relationship('User',backref='role',lazy='dynamic')    def __repr__(self):        return '<Role %r>'% self.nameclass User(db.Model):    __tablename__='users'    id=db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True)    username=db.Column(db.String(64),unique=True,index=True)    role_id=db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey('role.id'))    def __repr__(self):        return '<User %r>'% self.username

定义的数据库模块，封装了数据库模型。

7. app/email.py

from flask_mail import Messageclass MyMessage(Message):    def __init__(self,subject,sender,recipients):        super(MyMessage,self).__init__(subject,sender=sender,recipients=recipients)        body='text body'msg=MyMessage('mysubject','879651072@qq.com',['879651072@qq.com'])msg.body='text body'msg.html='<b>HTML</b> body'

邮件模块，封装了电子邮件的类对象，mail.send()可进行发送

8. app/init.py

from flask import Flask,render_templatefrom flask_bootstrap import Bootstrapfrom flask_mail import Mailfrom flask_moment import Momentfrom flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemyfrom config import configbootstrap=Bootstrap()mail=Mail()moment=Moment()db=SQLAlchemy()def create_app(config_name):    app=Flask(__name__)    app.config.from_object(config[config_name])    config[config_name].init_app(app)    bootstrap.init_app(app)    mail.init_app(app)    moment.init_app(app)    db.init_app(app)    from .main import main as main_blueprint    app.register_blueprint(main_blueprint)    return app

app包的初始化模块，定义了工厂函数create_app()，可以通过配置语句创建开发/测试/生产不同配置的flask程序对象。

9. app/templates

存放程序html模板文件的目录

10. app/static

存放静态文件的目录

11. migrations

存放了数据库的迁移脚本的目录

12. test/test_basic.py

import unittestfrom flask import current_appfrom app import create_app,dbclass BasicTestCase(unittest.TestCase):    def setup(self):        self.app=create_app('testing')        self.app_context=self.app.app_context()        self.app_context.push()        db.create_all()    def teardown(self):        db.session.remove()        db.drop_all()        self.app_context.pop()    def test_app_exits(self):        self.assertFalse(current_app is None)    def test_app_is_testing(self):        self.assertFalse(current_app.config['TESTING'])

单元测试模块，定义了单元测试用例。

13. requirements.txt

alembic==0.8.8blinker==1.4click==6.6dominate==2.2.1Flask==0.11.1Flask-Bootstrap==3.3.7.0Flask-Mail==0.9.1Flask-Migrate==2.0.0Flask-Moment==0.5.1Flask-Script==2.0.5Flask-SQLAlchemy==2.1Flask-WTF==0.13.1itsdangerous==0.24Jinja2==2.8Mako==1.0.4MarkupSafe==0.23python-editor==1.0.1SQLAlchemy==1.1.2visitor==0.1.3Werkzeug==0.11.11WTForms==2.1

需求模块，通过pip freeze > requirement.txt生成，记录了程序中各个模块的版本信息。

14. manager.py

#!/usr/bin/env pythonimport osfrom app import create_app,dbfrom app.models import User,Rolefrom flask_script import Manager,Shellfrom flask_migrate import Migrate,MigrateCommandapp=create_app(os.getenv('FLASK_CONFIG') or'default')manager=Manager(app)migrate=Migrate(app,db)def make_shell_context():    return dict(app=app,db=db,User=User,Role=Role)manager.add_command("shell",Shell(make_context=make_shell_context))manager.add_command('db',MigrateCommand)@manager.commanddef test():    """Run the unit tests"""    import unittest    tests=unittest.TestLoader().discover('test')    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(tests)@manager.commanddef myprint():    print 'hello world'if __name__=='__main__':    manager.run()

程序管理模块，定义程序的运行环境和命令。

Github位置：
https://github.com/HymanLiuTS/flaskTs
克隆本项目：
git clone git@github.com:HymanLiuTS/flaskTs.git
获取本文源代码：
git checkout FL29

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