Oracle Linux 安装图形界面

1、问题现象

1.1 startx命令不可用

[root@ol6-single cdrom]# startx

-bash: startx: command not found

1.3 init 5无法执行完成

[root@ol6-single /]#init 5

[root@ol6-single /]#Calling the system activity data collector(sadc):

starting portreserver: [ OK ]

starting irqbalance: [ OK ]

starting kdump: [FAILED]

Retrigger failed udev events [ OK ]

"停止不动"......

2、问题原因分析

Linux的图形用户接口（X windows）主要有gnome和KDE两种桌面环境，ORACLElinux也不例外，两种桌面可以并存，可以切换，上述问题情况属于这没有安装gnome和KDE的原因。

2.1 查看gnome和KDE相关包是否安装

[root@ol6-single /]# rpm -qa |grep gnome

[root@ol6-single /]# rpm -qa |grep kde

[root@ol6-single /]#

3、处理解决（安装linux图形界面软件）

3.1 配置yum

linux 5请参考本文作者的博文：

http://blog.csdn.net/ljunjie82/article/details/38714161

oraclelinux 6请参考本文作者的博文：

http://blog.csdn.net/ljunjie82/article/details/37373595

其中第3节：创建本地yum服务器

3.2 安装X Windows System

3.2.1验证可以安装的组件

#yum grouplist

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, security

Setting up Group Process

HighAvailability | 3.7 kB 00:00 ...

LoadBalancer | 3.7 kB 00:00 ...

Server | 3.7 kB 00:00 ...

oel6_local | 3.7 kB 00:00 ...

Installed Groups:

Additional Development

Base

Console internet tools

Debugging Tools

Desktop

Desktop Platform

Dial-up Networking Support

Directory Client

E-mail server

Fonts

General Purpose Desktop

Graphical Administration Tools

Hardware monitoring utilities

Java Platform

KDE Desktop

Large Systems Performance

Legacy UNIX compatibility

Legacy X Window System compatibility

MySQL Database client

MySQL Database server

NFS file server

Network Infrastructure Server

Network file system client

Networking Tools

Performance Tools

Perl Support

PostgreSQL Database client

PostgreSQL Database server

Remote Desktop Clients

Scientific support

Server Platform

X Window System

Installed Language Groups:

Arabic Support [ar]

Armenian Support [hy]

Georgian Support [ka]

Hebrew Support [he]

Inuktitut Support [iu]

Japanese Support [ja]

Korean Support [ko]

Lao Support [lo]

Tajik Support [tg]

Available Groups:

Backup Client

Backup Server

CIFS file server

Client management tools

Compatibility libraries

Desktop Debugging and Performance Tools

Desktop Platform Development

Development tools

Directory Server

Eclipse

Emacs

FCoE Storage Client

FTP server

Graphics Creation Tools

High Availability

High Availability Management

Identity Management Server

Infiniband Support

Input Methods

Internet Browser

Load Balancer

Mainframe Access

Messaging Client Support

Network Storage Server

PHP Support

Print Server

Printing client

Ruby Support

SNMP Support

Security Tools

Server Platform Development

Smart card support

Somali Support

Storage Availability Tools

System Management

System administration tools

Systems Management Messaging Server support

TeX support

Technical Writing

TurboGears application framework

Virtualization

Virtualization Client

Virtualization Platform

Virtualization Tools

Web Server

Web Servlet Engine

Web-Based Enterprise Management

iSCSI Storage Client

Available Language Groups:

Afrikaans Support [af]

Albanian Support [sq]

Amazigh Support [ber]

Assamese Support [as]

Azerbaijani Support [az]

Basque Support [eu]

Belarusian Support [be]

Bengali Support [bn]

Bhutanese Support [dz]

Brazilian Portuguese Support [pt_BR]

Breton Support [br]

Bulgarian Support [bg]

Catalan Support [ca]

Chhattisgarhi Support [hne]

Chichewa Support [ny]

Chinese Support [zh]

Coptic Support [cop]

Croatian Support [hr]

Czech Support [cs]

Danish Support [da]

Dutch Support [nl]

English (UK) Support [en_GB]

Esperanto Support [eo]

Estonian Support [et]

Ethiopic Support [am]

Faroese Support [fo]

Fijian Support [fj]

Filipino Support [fil]

Finnish Support [fi]

French Support [fr]

Frisian Support [fy]

Friulian Support [fur]

Gaelic Support [gd]

Galician Support [gl]

German Support [de]

Greek Support [el]

Gujarati Support [gu]

Hiligaynon Support [hil]

Hindi Support [hi]

Hungarian Support [hu]

Icelandic Support [is]

Indonesian Support [id]

Interlingua Support [ia]

Irish Support [ga]

Italian Support [it]

Kannada Support [kn]

Kashmiri Support [ks]

Kashubian Support [csb]

Kazakh Support [kk]

Khmer Support [km]

Kinyarwanda Support [rw]

Konkani Support [kok]

Kurdish Support [ku]

Latin Support [la]

Latvian Support [lv]

Lithuanian Support [lt]

Low Saxon Support [nds]

Luxembourgish Support [lb]

Macedonian Support [mk]

Maithili Support [mai]

Malagasy Support [mg]

Malay Support [ms]

Malayalam Support [ml]

Maltese Support [mt]

Manx Support [gv]

Maori Support [mi]

Marathi Support [mr]

Mongolian Support [mn]

Myanmar (Burmese) Support [my]

Nepali Support [ne]

Northern Sotho Support [nso]

Norwegian Support [nb]

Occitan Support [oc]

Oriya Support [or]

Persian Support [fa]

Polish Support [pl]

Portuguese Support [pt]

Punjabi Support [pa]

Romanian Support [ro]

Russian Support [ru]

Sanskrit Support [sa]

Sardinian Support [sc]

Serbian Support [sr]

Sindhi Support [sd]

Sinhala Support [si]

Slovak Support [sk]

Slovenian Support [sl]

Southern Ndebele Support [nr]

Southern Sotho Support [st]

Spanish Support [es]

Swahili Support [sw]

Swati Support [ss]

Swedish Support [sv]

Tagalog Support [tl]

Tamil Support [ta]

Telugu Support [te]

Tetum Support [tet]

Thai Support [th]

Tibetan Support [bo]

Tsonga Support [ts]

Tswana Support [tn]

Turkish Support [tr]

Turkmen Support [tk]

Ukrainian Support [uk]

Upper Sorbian Support [hsb]

Urdu Support [ur]

Uzbek Support [uz]

Venda Support [ve]

Vietnamese Support [vi]

Walloon Support [wa]

Welsh Support [cy]

Xhosa Support [xh]

Zulu Support [zu]

Done

其中“Desktop”安装组安装的就是GNOME组件

3.2.2 安装X Windows System

[root@ol6-single ~]# yum groupinstall "X Window System"

3.2.3 安装gnome

[root@ol6-single sysconfig]#yum groupinstall "Desktop"

3.2.4 安装kde

[root@ol6-single ~]# yum groupinstall "KDE Desktop"

3.3 验证是否安装成功

（1）验证gnome相关组件是否安装

[root@ol6-single ~]# rpm -qa |grep gnome

gnome-keyring-2.28.2-7.el6.x86_64

gnome-vfs2-2.24.2-6.el6.x86_64

gnome-user-docs-2.28.0-4.el6.noarch

gnome-python2-2.28.0-3.el6.x86_64

gnome-icon-theme-2.28.0-2.el6.noarch

gnome-themes-2.28.1-6.el6.noarch

libgnomecanvas-2.26.0-4.el6.x86_64

gnome-python2-canvas-2.28.0-3.el6.x86_64

gnome-doc-utils-stylesheets-0.18.1-1.el6.noarch

（2）验证kde相关组件是否安装

[root@ol6-single ~]# rpm -qa |grep kde

kdelibs-common-4.3.4-14.el6.x86_64

kde-settings-kdm-4.3.1-1.0.1.el6.noarch

kdenetwork-libs-4.3.4-11.el6_0.1.x86_64

kdegraphics-libs-4.3.4-6.el6.x86_64

kdebase-workspace-4.3.4-23.0.1.el6.x86_64

kde-settings-4.3.1-1.0.1.el6.noarch

kdepim-libs-4.3.4-5.el6.x86_64

kdebase-runtime-libs-4.3.4-9.el6.x86_64

kdenetwork-4.3.4-11.el6_0.1.x86_64

kdegraphics-4.3.4-6.el6.x86_64

kdelibs-4.3.4-14.el6.x86_64

kdeaccessibility-4.3.4-5.el6.x86_64

lockdev-1.0.1-18.el6.x86_64

kdepimlibs-4.3.4-4.el6.x86_64

kdeutils-libs-4.3.4-7.el6.x86_64

kdepimlibs-akonadi-4.3.4-4.el6.x86_64

kdepim-4.3.4-5.el6.x86_64

kdebase-runtime-4.3.4-9.el6.x86_64

kdeplasma-addons-libs-4.3.4-5.el6.x86_64

kdeadmin-4.3.4-5.0.1.el6.x86_64

xsettings-kde-0.11-1.el6.x86_64

kdebase-workspace-wallpapers-4.3.4-23.0.1.el6.noarch

kdelibs-experimental-4.3.4-3.el6.x86_64

kdegames-libs-4.3.4-5.el6.x86_64

kdebase-libs-4.3.4-5.el6.x86_64

kdeutils-4.3.4-7.el6.x86_64

kdelibs3-3.5.10-24.el6_1.1.x86_64

kdepim-runtime-libs-4.3.4-5.el6.x86_64

kdebase-workspace-libs-4.3.4-23.0.1.el6.x86_64

kdeplasma-addons-4.3.4-5.el6.x86_64

kdemultimedia-4.3.4-3.el6.x86_64

kde-settings-pulseaudio-4.3.1-1.0.1.el6.noarch

kdegames-4.3.4-5.el6.x86_64

kdemultimedia-libs-4.3.4-3.el6.x86_64

kdepim-runtime-4.3.4-5.el6.x86_64

kdeaccessibility-libs-4.3.4-5.el6.x86_64

kdebase-4.3.4-5.el6.x86_64

kdeartwork-screensavers-4.3.4-7.el6.x86_64

kde-filesystem-4-30.1.el6.noarch

[root@ol6-single ~]#

4、验证图形界面可用性

startx和init 5都可以正常进入图形界面，安装成功。 

本文作者：黎俊杰（网名：踩点），从事”系统架构、操作系统、存储设备、数据库、中间件、应用程序“六个层面系统性的性能优化工作