CentOS安装Mysql-5.7

来源:互联网 发布:linux ld错误返回1 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/06/16 12:11

之前在CentOS上安装mysql-5.7的时候出现很多问题,这里总结一下。

1. 下载Mysql-5.7

首先去MYSQL官网下载mysql-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar(写本篇内容的时候是2016-09-20,后面mysql会有更新,不知道会不会有变化,不过当大家出现此类问题的时候也可以借此解决)。

2. 安装前的准备

把下载好的.tar包放到CentOS的某个目录下,例如/home/user/(user代表当前用户),然后解压

# tar xf mysql-5.7.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

安装必须的组件

[ CPU控制 ]#yum install numactl  [ 磁盘文件读写 ]                            #yum install libaio                               #yum install perl-Time-HiRes per-devel

3. 卸载存在的Mysql

安装mysql-community-server之前,必须安装mysql-community-client和mysql-community-common rpm包。而安装community-client和community-common包之前,必须删除mysql-lib(系统自带的版本过低)。

[ 查看是否有mysql ]# rpm -qa | grep mysql                                  mysql-libs-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64[ 删除mysql以及相关信息 ]# rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64          

4. 安装Mysql-5.7

上面卸载了mysql-lib旧的包,现在安装mysql-lib最新版的文件,这个包在rpm-bundle里面都有, 直接安装即可。

# lsmysql-5.7.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar mysql-community-embedded-5.7.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-commumysql-community-client-5.7.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-commumysql-community-common-5.7.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-5.7.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

5. 启动Mysql

# service mysql startmysql: unrecognized service                                     [ mysql5.7的名称是mysqld ]# service mysqld startInitializing MySQL database: [ OK ]Installing validate password plugin: [ OK ]Starting mysqld: [ OK ][ netstat -tlunp 查看哪些端口占用 ]                                               Active Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name[ 显示此信息则表示mysql服务启动 ]tcp 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 19928/mysqld                          

6. 修改Mysql密码

rpm安装mysql后,会自动初始化一个密码,在日志中。

# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log2016-03-11T01:44:23.093873Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 8%<rjn;+,11Y

可以看到系统初始化的密码是8%<rjn;+,11Y,之后我们需要使用这个密码登录mysql,然后再修改。
但是由于最新的mysql版本对密码策略有要求,所以必须增加复杂程度才能通过。

# mysql -uroot -pEnter password: 此处输入刚才日志文件中的随机密码Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 14Server version: 5.7.11Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.[ 符合mysql的密码规则要求 ]mysql> set password='Yes@126.com';                         Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.15 sec)[ 密码不符合要求 ]mysql> set password='123456';                              ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

提示当前密码不符合mysql的安全策略,这是因为我们的密码不满足mysql预设定的强度,密码强度可由validate password strength()函数评估(返回0至100之间的数),如:

[ 密码强度25 ]mysql> select VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH('123456');               +--------------------------------------+| VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH('123456') |+--------------------------------------+|                                   25 |+--------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

这个强度其实与validate_password_policy的值有关。
validate_password_policy有以下取值:

Policy Tests Performed 0 or LOW Length 1 or MEDIUM Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters 2 or STRONG Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file

默认是1,即MEDIUM,所以刚开始设置的密码必须符合长度,且必须含有数字,小写或大写字母,特殊字符。
在进行一下步骤的时候,需要validate_password插件必须已经安装,MySQL5.7是默认安装的。 那么如何验证validate_password插件是否安装呢?可通过查看以下参数,如果没有安装,则输出将为空。

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';+--------------------------------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |+--------------------------------------+-------+| validate_password_dictionary_file    |       || validate_password_length             | 5     || validate_password_mixed_case_count   | 1     || validate_password_number_count       | 1     || validate_password_policy             | LOW   || validate_password_special_char_count | 2     |+--------------------------------------+-------+6 rows in set (0.18 sec)

有时候,只是为了自己测试,不想密码设置得那么复杂,譬如说,我只想设置root的密码为123456。
必须修改两个全局参数:
首先,修改validate_password_policy参数的值

mysql> select VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH('1');+---------------------------------+| VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH('1') |+---------------------------------+|                               0 |+---------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

这样,判断密码的标准就基于密码的长度了。这个由validate_password_length参数来决定。

mysql> select @@validate_password_length;+----------------------------+| @@validate_password_length |+----------------------------+|                          8 |+----------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

validate_password_length参数默认为8,它有最小值的限制,最小值为:

validate_password_length =
validate_password_number_count
+ validate_password_special_char_count
+ (2 * validate_password_mixed_case_count)

其中,validate_password_number_count指定了密码中数据的长度,validate_password_special_char_count指定了密码中特殊字符的长度,validate_password_mixed_case_count指定了密码中大小字母的长度。
这些参数,默认值均为1,所以validate_password_length最小值为4,如果你显性指定validate_password_length的值小于4,尽管不会报错,但validate_password_length的值将设为4。如下所示:

mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select @@validate_password_length;+----------------------------+| @@validate_password_length |+----------------------------+|                          4 |+----------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

如果修改了 validate_password_number_count
validate_password_special_char_count
validate_password_mixed_case_count中任何一个值,则validate_password_length将进行动态修改。

mysql> select @@validate_password_mixed_case_count;+--------------------------------------+| @@validate_password_mixed_case_count |+--------------------------------------+|                                    1 |+--------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select @@validate_password_special_char_count;+----------------------------------------+| @@validate_password_special_char_count |+----------------------------------------+|                                      1 |+----------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select @@validate_password_number_count;+----------------------------------+| @@validate_password_number_count |+----------------------------------+|                                1 |+----------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

下面修改三个值中的一个

mysql> select @@validate_password_number_count;+----------------------------------+| @@validate_password_number_count |+----------------------------------+|                                1 |+----------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> set global validate_password_special_char_count=2;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select @@validate_password_special_char_count;+----------------------------------------+| @@validate_password_special_char_count |+----------------------------------------+|                                      2 |+----------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select @@validate_password_length;+----------------------------+| @@validate_password_length |+----------------------------+|                          5 |+----------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

现在再来修改密码(经过刚才的设置,密码可以不含有特殊字符,不过最少要五位)。

mysql> set password="123456";Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> set password="1234";ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
0 0
原创粉丝点击