Linux进程间通信 -3内存共享
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内存共享允许两个或多个不相关的进程,访问同一个逻辑内存,共享内存的具体实现,由不同进程之间共享的内存安排为同一物理内存。
过个进程就像通过malloc获取的内存一样去使用,但是需要额外的小消息来同队内存的访问。
可以通过信号量,传递消息(消息队列),生成信号来同步对内存的访问。
1 shmget
#include <sys/ipc.h> #include <sys/shm.h> int shmget(key_t key, size_t size, int shmflg);
shmget() returns the identifier of the System V shared memory segment associated with the value of the argument key. A new shared memory segment, with size equal to the value of size rounded up to a multiple of PAGE_SIZE, is created if key has the value IPC_PRI‐VATE or key isn’t IPC_PRIVATE, no shared memory segment corresponding to key exists, and IPC_CREAT is specified in shmflg.
2 shmat
把创建的内存地址空间连接到进程的地址空间。
#include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/shm.h> void *shmat(int shmid, const void *shmaddr, int shmflg); int shmdt(const void *shmaddr);
3 shmdt
#include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/shm.h> void *shmat(int shmid, const void *shmaddr, int shmflg); int shmdt(const void *shmaddr);
把共享的内存地址从进程中分离。
4 shmctl
控制共享内存
#include <sys/ipc.h> #include <sys/shm.h> int shmctl(int shmid, int cmd, struct shmid_ds *buf);
控制共享内存;
5 使用共享内存
/* Our first program is a consumer. After the headers the shared memory segment (the size of our shared memory structure) is created with a call to shmget, with the IPC_CREAT bit specified. */#include <unistd.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>#include <sys/shm.h>#include "shm_com.h"int main(){ int running = 1; void *shared_memory = (void *)0; struct shared_use_st *shared_stuff; int shmid; srand((unsigned int)getpid()); shmid = shmget((key_t)1234, sizeof(struct shared_use_st), 0666 | IPC_CREAT); if (shmid == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "shmget failed\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); }/* We now make the shared memory accessible to the program. */ shared_memory = shmat(shmid, (void *)0, 0); if (shared_memory == (void *)-1) { fprintf(stderr, "shmat failed\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("Memory attached at %X\n", (int)shared_memory);/* The next portion of the program assigns the shared_memory segment to shared_stuff, which then prints out any text in written_by_you. The loop continues until end is found in written_by_you. The call to sleep forces the consumer to sit in its critical section, which makes the producer wait. */ shared_stuff = (struct shared_use_st *)shared_memory; shared_stuff->written_by_you = 0; while(running) { if (shared_stuff->written_by_you) { printf("You wrote: %s", shared_stuff->some_text); sleep( rand() % 4 ); /* make the other process wait for us ! */ shared_stuff->written_by_you = 0; if (strncmp(shared_stuff->some_text, "end", 3) == 0) { running = 0; } } }/* Lastly, the shared memory is detached and then deleted. */ if (shmdt(shared_memory) == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "shmdt failed\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if (shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, 0) == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "shmctl(IPC_RMID) failed\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);}
/* The second program is the producer and allows us to enter data for consumers. It's very similar to shm1.c and looks like this. */#include <unistd.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>#include <sys/shm.h>#include "shm_com.h"int main(){ int running = 1; void *shared_memory = (void *)0; struct shared_use_st *shared_stuff; char buffer[BUFSIZ]; int shmid; shmid = shmget((key_t)1234, sizeof(struct shared_use_st), 0666 | IPC_CREAT); if (shmid == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "shmget failed\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } shared_memory = shmat(shmid, (void *)0, 0); if (shared_memory == (void *)-1) { fprintf(stderr, "shmat failed\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("Memory attached at %X\n", (int)shared_memory); shared_stuff = (struct shared_use_st *)shared_memory; while(running) { while(shared_stuff->written_by_you == 1) { sleep(1); printf("waiting for client...\n"); } printf("Enter some text: "); fgets(buffer, BUFSIZ, stdin); strncpy(shared_stuff->some_text, buffer, TEXT_SZ); shared_stuff->written_by_you = 1; if (strncmp(buffer, "end", 3) == 0) { running = 0; } } if (shmdt(shared_memory) == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "shmdt failed\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);}
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