ss命令使用

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ss是Socket Statistics的缩写。顾名思义，ss命令可以用来获取socket统计信息，它可以显示和netstat类似的内容。但ss的优势在于它能够显示更多更详细的有关TCP和连接状态的信息，而且比netstat更快速更高效。
当服务器的socket连接数量变得非常大时，无论是使用netstat命令还是直接cat /proc/net/tcp，执行速度都会很慢。可能你不会有切身的感受，但请相信我，当服务器维持的连接达到上万个的时候，使用netstat等于浪费生命，而用ss才是节省时间。

命令格式:
ss [选项]
ss [选项] [过滤]
选项：
-h, --help this message
-V, --version output version information
-n, --numeric don't resolve service names
-r, --resolve resolve host names
-a, --all display all sockets
-l, --listening display listening sockets
-o, --options show timer information
-e, --extended show detailed socket information
-m, --memory show socket memory usage
-p, --processes show process using socket
-i, --info show internal TCP information
-s, --summary show socket usage summary

-4, --ipv4 display only IP version 4 sockets
-6, --ipv6 display only IP version 6 sockets
-0, --packet display PACKET sockets
-t, --tcp display only TCP sockets
-u, --udp display only UDP sockets
-d, --dccp display only DCCP sockets
-w, --raw display only RAW sockets
-x, --unix display only Unix domain sockets
-f, --family=FAMILY display sockets of type FAMILY

-A, --query=QUERY, --socket=QUERY
QUERY := {all|inet|tcp|udp|raw|unix|packet|netlink}[,QUERY]

-D, --diag=FILE Dump raw information about TCP sockets to FILE
-F, --filter=FILE read filter information from FILE
FILTER := [ state TCP-STATE ] [ EXPRESSION ]

实例：显示TCP连接
[root@localhost ~]# ss -t -a
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 0 127.0.0.1:smux *:*
LISTEN 0 0 *:3690 *:*
LISTEN 0 0 *:ssh *:*
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.120.204:ssh 10.2.0.68:49368

实例：找出打开套接字/端口应用程序
[root@localhost ~]# ss -lp|grep 3306
0 0 *:3306 *:* users:(("mysqld",2871,10))

实例：匹配远程地址和端口号
命令：
ss dst ADDRESS_PATTERN
ss dst 192.168.1.5
ss dst 192.168.119.113:http
ss dst 192.168.119.113:smtp
ss dst 192.168.119.113:443
[root@localhost ~]# ss dst 192.168.119.113
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16014 192.168.119.113:20229
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16014 192.168.119.113:61056
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16014 192.168.119.113:61623
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16014 192.168.119.113:60924
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16050 192.168.119.113:43701
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16073 192.168.119.113:32930
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16073 192.168.119.113:49318
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16014 192.168.119.113:3844
[root@localhost ~]# ss dst 192.168.119.113:http
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
[root@localhost ~]# ss dst 192.168.119.113:3844
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16014 192.168.119.113:3844

实例：匹配本地地址和端口号
命令：
ss src ADDRESS_PATTERN
ss src 192.168.119.103
ss src 192.168.119.103:http
ss src 192.168.119.103:80
ss src 192.168.119.103:smtp
ss src 192.168.119.103:25
[root@localhost ~]# ss src 192.168.119.103:16021
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 192.168.119.201:63054
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 192.168.119.201:62894
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 192.168.119.201:63055
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 192.168.119.201:2274
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 192.168.119.201:44784
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 192.168.119.201:7233
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 192.168.119.103:58660
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 192.168.119.201:44822
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 10.2.1.206:56737
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 10.2.1.206:57487
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 10.2.1.206:56736
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 10.2.1.206:64652
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 10.2.1.206:56586
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 10.2.1.206:64653
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 10.2.1.206:56587

实例：ss 和 netstat 效率对比
命令：
time netstat -at
time ss
[root@localhost ~]# time ss
real 0m0.739s
user 0m0.019s
sys 0m0.013s
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# time netstat -at
real 2m45.907s
user 0m0.063s
sys 0m0.067s
说明：
用time 命令分别获取通过netstat和ss命令获取程序和概要占用资源所使用的时间。在服务器连接数比较多的时候，netstat的效率完全没法和ss比。
更多例子：http://www.cnblogs.com/peida/archive/2013/03/11/2953420.html

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