第6课：Spark Streaming源码解读之Job动态生成和深度思考

一：Spark Streaming Job生成深度思考
1. 做大数据例如Hadoop,Spark等，如果不是流处理的话，一般会有定时任务。例如10分钟触发一次，1个小时触发一次，这就是做流处理的感觉，一切不是流处理，或者与流处理无关的数据都将是没有价值的数据，以前做批处理的时候其实也是隐形的在做流处理。
2. JobGenerator构造的时候有一个核心的参数是jobScheduler, jobScheduler是整个作业的生成和提交给集群的核心，JobGenerator会基于DStream生成Job。这里面的Job就相当于Java中线程要处理的Runnable里面的业务逻辑封装。Spark的Job就是运行的一个作业。
3. Spark Streaming除了基于定时操作以外参数Job，还可以通过各种聚合操作，或者基于状态的操作。
JobGenerator会基于DStream生成Job.
DStream
输入DStream: 数据可以有不同的输入来源来构建输入的DStream（例如，Kafka,Socket,Flume）.
输出DStream: 逻辑级别的action.
Transformation DStream
/**
* This class generates jobs from DStreams as well as drives checkpointing and cleaning
* up DStream metadata.
*/
private[streaming]
class JobGenerator(jobScheduler: JobScheduler) extends Logging {
4. 每5秒钟JobGenerator都会产生Job，此时的Job是逻辑级别的，也就是说有这个Job，并且说这个Job具体该怎么去做，此时并没有执行。具体执行的话是交给底层的RDD的action去触发，此时的action也是逻辑级别的。底层物理级别的，Spark Streaming他是基于DStream构建的依赖关系导致的Job是逻辑级别的，底层是基于RDD的逻辑级别的。
val ssc = new StreamingContext(conf, Seconds(5))
5. Spark Streaming的触发器是以时间为单位的，storm是以事件为触发器，也就是基于一个又一个record. Spark Streaming基于时间，这个时间是Batch Duractions

从逻辑级别翻译成物理级别，最后一个操作肯定是RDD的action，但是并不想一翻译立马就触发job。这个时候怎么办？
6. action触发作业，这个时候作为Runnable接口封装，他会定义一个方法，这个方法里面是基于DStream的依赖关系生成的RDD。翻译的时候是将DStream的依赖关系翻译成RDD的依赖关系，由于DStream的依赖关系最后一个是action级别的，翻译成RDD的时候，RDD的最后一个操作也应该是action级别的，如果翻译的时候直接执行的话，就直接生成了Job，就没有所谓的队列，所以会将翻译的事件放到一个函数中或者一个方法中，因此，如果这个函数没有指定的action触发作业是执行不了的。
7. Spark Streaming根据时间不断的去管理我们的生成的作业，所以这个时候我们每个作业又有action级别的操作，这个action操作是对DStream进行逻辑级别的操作，他生成每个Job放到队列的时候，他一定会被翻译为RDD的操作，那基于RDD操作的最后一个一定是action级别的，如果翻译的话直接就是触发action的话整个Spark Streaming的Job就不受管理了。因此我们既要保证他的翻译，又要保证对他的管理，把DStream之间的依赖关系转变为RDD之间的依赖关系，最后一个DStream使得action的操作，翻译成一个RDD之间的action操作，整个翻译后的内容他是一块内容，他这一块内容是放在一个函数体中的，这个函数体，他会函数的定义，这个函数由于他只是定义还没有执行，所以他里面的RDD的action不会执行，不会触发Job,当我们的JobScheduler要调度Job的时候，转过来在线程池中拿出一条线程执行刚才的封装的方法。
二：Spark Streaming Job生成源码解析
Spark 作业动态生成三大核心：
JobGenerator: 负责Job生成。
JobSheduler： 负责Job调度。
ReceiverTracker: 获取元数据。
1. JobScheduler的start方法被调用的时候，会启动JobGenerator的start方法。
/* Start generation of jobs /
def start(): Unit = synchronized {
//eventLoop是消息循环体，因为不断的生成Job
if (eventLoop != null) return // generator has already been started

// Call checkpointWriter here to initialize it before eventLoop uses it to avoid a deadlock.
// See SPARK-10125
checkpointWriter
//匿名内部类
eventLoop = new EventLoop[JobGeneratorEvent](“JobGenerator”) {
override protected def onReceive(event: JobGeneratorEvent): Unit = processEvent(event)

override protected def onError(e: Throwable): Unit = {  jobScheduler.reportError("Error in job generator", e)}

}
//调用start方法。
eventLoop.start()

if (ssc.isCheckpointPresent) {
restart()
} else {
startFirstTime()
}
}

EvenLoop: 的start方法被调用，首先会调用onstart方法。然后就启动线程。
/**
* An event loop to receive events from the caller and process all events in the event thread. It
* will start an exclusive event thread to process all events.
*
* Note: The event queue will grow indefinitely. So subclasses should make sure onReceive can
* handle events in time to avoid the potential OOM.
*/
private[spark] abstract class EventLoop[E](name: String) extends Logging {

private val eventQueue: BlockingQueue[E] = new LinkedBlockingDequeE

private val stopped = new AtomicBoolean(false)
//开启后台线程。
private val eventThread = new Thread(name) {
setDaemon(true)

override def run(): Unit = {  try {

//不断的从BlockQueue中拿消息。
while (!stopped.get) {
//线程的start方法调用就会不断的循环队列，而我们将消息放到eventQueue中。
val event = eventQueue.take()
try {
//
onReceive(event)
} catch {
case NonFatal(e) => {
try {
onError(e)
} catch {
case NonFatal(e) => logError(“Unexpected error in ” + name, e)
}
}
}
}
} catch {
case ie: InterruptedException => // exit even if eventQueue is not empty
case NonFatal(e) => logError(“Unexpected error in ” + name, e)
}
}

}

def start(): Unit = {
if (stopped.get) {
throw new IllegalStateException(name + ” has already been stopped”)
}
// Call onStart before starting the event thread to make sure it happens before onReceive

onStart()eventThread.start()

}
onReceive:不断的从消息队列中获得消息，一旦获得消息就会处理。
不要在onReceive中添加阻塞的消息，如果这样的话会不断的阻塞消息。
消息循环器一般都不会处理具体的业务逻辑，一般消息循环器发现消息以后都会将消息路由给其他的线程去处理。
/**
* Invoked in the event thread when polling events from the event queue.
*
* Note: Should avoid calling blocking actions in onReceive, or the event thread will be blocked
* and cannot process events in time. If you want to call some blocking actions, run them in
* another thread.
*/
protected def onReceive(event: E): Unit
消息队列接收到事件后具体处理如下：
/* Processes all events /
private def processEvent(event: JobGeneratorEvent) {
logDebug(“Got event ” + event)
event match {
case GenerateJobs(time) => generateJobs(time)
case ClearMetadata(time) => clearMetadata(time)
case DoCheckpoint(time, clearCheckpointDataLater) =>
doCheckpoint(time, clearCheckpointDataLater)
case ClearCheckpointData(time) => clearCheckpointData(time)
}
}
基于Batch Duractions生成Job，并完成checkpoint.
Job生成的5个步骤。
/* Generate jobs and perform checkpoint for the given time. /
private def generateJobs(time: Time) {
// Set the SparkEnv in this thread, so that job generation code can access the environment
// Example: BlockRDDs are created in this thread, and it needs to access BlockManager
// Update: This is probably redundant after threadlocal stuff in SparkEnv has been removed.
SparkEnv.set(ssc.env)
Try {
//第一步：获取当前时间段里面的数据。根据分配的时间来分配具体要处理的数据。
jobScheduler.receiverTracker.allocateBlocksToBatch(time) // allocate received blocks to batch
//第二步：生成Job，获取RDD的DAG依赖关系。在此基于DStream生成了RDD实例。
graph.generateJobs(time) // generate jobs using allocated block
} match {
case Success(jobs) =>
//第三步：获取streamIdToInputInfos的信息。BacthDuractions要处理的数据，以及我们要处理的业务逻辑。
val streamIdToInputInfos = jobScheduler.inputInfoTracker.getInfo(time)
//第四步：将生成的Job交给jobScheduler
jobScheduler.submitJobSet(JobSet(time, jobs, streamIdToInputInfos))
case Failure(e) =>
jobScheduler.reportError(“Error generating jobs for time ” + time, e)
}
//第五步：进行checkpoint
eventLoop.post(DoCheckpoint(time, clearCheckpointDataLater = false))
}
此时的outputStream是整个DStream中的最后一个DStream，也就是foreachDStream.
def generateJobs(time: Time): Seq[Job] = {
logDebug(“Generating jobs for time ” + time)
val jobs = this.synchronized {
outputStreams.flatMap { outputStream =>
//根据最后一个DStream，然后根据时间生成Job.
val jobOption = outputStream.generateJob(time)
jobOption.foreach(_.setCallSite(outputStream.creationSite))
jobOption
}
}
logDebug(“Generated ” + jobs.length + ” jobs for time ” + time)
jobs
}
此时的JobFunc就是我们前面提到的用函数封装了Job。
generateJob基于给定的时间生成Spark Streaming 的Job，这个方法会基于我们的DStream的操作物化成了RDD，由此可以看出，DStream是逻辑级别的，RDD是物理级别的。
/**
* Generate a SparkStreaming job for the given time. This is an internal method that
* should not be called directly. This default implementation creates a job
* that materializes the corresponding RDD. Subclasses of DStream may override this
* to generate their own jobs.
*/
private[streaming] def generateJob(time: Time): Option[Job] = {
getOrCompute(time) match {
case Some(rdd) => {
val jobFunc = () => {
val emptyFunc = { (iterator: Iterator[T]) => {} }
//rdd => 就是RDD的依赖关系
context.sparkContext.runJob(rdd, emptyFunc)
}
//此时的
Some(new Job(time, jobFunc))
}
case None => None
}
}

Job这个类就代表了Spark业务逻辑，可能包含很多Spark Jobs.
/**
* Class representing a Spark computation. It may contain multiple Spark jobs.
*/
private[streaming]
class Job(val time: Time, func: () => _) {
private var id: String =
private var outputOpId: Int =
private var isSet = false
private var result: Try[] = null
private var _callSite: CallSite = null
private var _startTime: Option[Long] = None
private var _endTime: Option[Long] = None

def run() {
//调用func函数，此时这个func就是我们前面generateJob中的func
_result = Try(func())
}

此时put函数中的RDD是最后一个RDD，虽然触发Job是基于时间，但是也是基于DStream的action的。
/**
* Get the RDD corresponding to the given time; either retrieve it from cache
* or compute-and-cache it.
*/
private[streaming] final def getOrCompute(time: Time): Option[RDD[T]] = {
// If RDD was already generated, then retrieve it from HashMap,
// or else compute the RDD
//基于时间生成RDD
generatedRDDs.get(time).orElse {
// Compute the RDD if time is valid (e.g. correct time in a sliding window)
// of RDD generation, else generate nothing.
if (isTimeValid(time)) {

  val rddOption = createRDDWithLocalProperties(time, displayInnerRDDOps = false) {    // Disable checks for existing output directories in jobs launched by the streaming    // scheduler, since we may need to write output to an existing directory during checkpoint    // recovery; see SPARK-4835 for more details. We need to have this call here because    // compute() might cause Spark jobs to be launched.    PairRDDFunctions.disableOutputSpecValidation.withValue(true) {

//
compute(time)
}
}
//然后对generated RDD进行checkpoint
rddOption.foreach { case newRDD =>
// Register the generated RDD for caching and checkpointing
if (storageLevel != StorageLevel.NONE) {
newRDD.persist(storageLevel)
logDebug(s”Persisting RDD newRDD.idfortimetime to storageLevel”)  
        }  
        if (checkpointDuration != null && (time - zeroTime).isMultipleOf(checkpointDuration)) {  
          newRDD.checkpoint()  
          logInfo(s”Marking RDD{newRDD.id} for time $time for checkpointing”)
}
//以时间为Key,RDD为Value,此时的RDD为最后一个RDD
generatedRDDs.put(time, newRDD)
}
rddOption
} else {
None
}
}
}

回到JobGenerator中的start方法。
if (ssc.isCheckpointPresent) {
//如果不是第一次启动的话，就需要从checkpoint中恢复。
restart()
} else {
//否则的话，就是第一次启动。
startFirstTime()
}
}
StartFirstTime的源码如下：
/* Starts the generator for the first time /
private def startFirstTime() {
val startTime = new Time(timer.getStartTime())
//告诉DStreamGraph第一个Batch启动时间。
graph.start(startTime - graph.batchDuration)
//timer启动，整个job不断生成就开始了。
timer.start(startTime.milliseconds)
logInfo(“Started JobGenerator at ” + startTime)
}

这里的timer是RecurringTimer。RecurringTimer的start方法会启动内置线程thread.
private val timer = new RecurringTimer(clock, ssc.graph.batchDuration.milliseconds,
longTime => eventLoop.post(GenerateJobs(new Time(longTime))), “JobGenerator”)

Timer.start源码如下：
/**
* Start at the given start time.
*/
def start(startTime: Long): Long = synchronized {
nextTime = startTime //每次调用的
thread.start()
logInfo(“Started timer for ” + name + ” at time ” + nextTime)
nextTime
}

调用thread启动后台进程。
private val thread = new Thread(“RecurringTimer - ” + name) {
setDaemon(true)
override def run() { loop }
}
loop源码如下：
/**
* Repeatedly call the callback every interval.
*/
private def loop() {
try {
while (!stopped) {
triggerActionForNextInterval()
}
triggerActionForNextInterval()
} catch {
case e: InterruptedException =>
}
}
}

tiggerActionForNextInterval源码如下：
private def triggerActionForNextInterval(): Unit = {
clock.waitTillTime(nextTime)
callback(nextTime)
prevTime = nextTime
+= period
logDebug(“Callback for ” + name + ” called at time ” + prevTime)
}

此时的callBack是RecurringTimer传入的。下面就去找callBack是谁传入的，这个时候就应该找RecurringTimer什么时候实例化的。
private[streaming]
class RecurringTimer(clock: Clock, period: Long, callback: (Long) => Unit, name: String)
extends Logging {

private val thread = new Thread(“RecurringTimer - ” + name) {
setDaemon(true)
override def run() { loop }
}

在jobGenerator中，匿名函数会随着时间不断的推移反复被调用。
private val timer = new RecurringTimer(clock, ssc.graph.batchDuration.milliseconds,
//匿名函数，复制给callback。
longTime => eventLoop.post(GenerateJobs(new Time(longTime))), “JobGenerator”)
而此时的eventLoop就是JobGenerator的start方法中eventLoop.eventLoop是一个消息循环体当收到generateJobs，就会将消息放到线程池中去执行。
至此，就知道了基于时间怎么生成作业的流程就贯通了。

Job生成过程：
第四步：将生成的Job交给jobScheduler
Jobs: 此时的jobs就是jobs的业务逻辑，就类似于RDD之间的依赖关系，保存最后一个job，然后根据依赖关系进行回溯。
streamIdToInputInfos：基于Batch Duractions以及要处理的业务逻辑，然后就生成了JobSet.
jobScheduler.submitJobSet(JobSet(time, jobs, streamIdToInputInfos))

此时的JobSet就包含了数据以及对数据处理的业务逻辑。
/** Class representing a set of Jobs
* belong to the same batch.
*/
private[streaming]
case class JobSet(
time: Time,
jobs: Seq[Job],
streamIdToInputInfo: Map[Int, StreamInputInfo] = Map.empty) {

private val incompleteJobs = new HashSetJob
private val submissionTime = System.currentTimeMillis() // when this jobset was submitted
private var processingStartTime = -1L // when the first job of this jobset started processing
private var processingEndTime = -1L // when the last job of this jobset finished processing

jobs.zipWithIndex.foreach { case (job, i) => job.setOutputOpId(i) }
incompleteJobs ++= jobs

def handleJobStart(job: Job) {
if (processingStartTime < 0) processingStartTime = System.currentTimeMillis()
}

submitJobSet:
def submitJobSet(jobSet: JobSet) {
if (jobSet.jobs.isEmpty) {
logInfo(“No jobs added for time ” + jobSet.time)
} else {
listenerBus.post(StreamingListenerBatchSubmitted(jobSet.toBatchInfo))
//
jobSets.put(jobSet.time, jobSet)
//jobHandler
jobSet.jobs.foreach(job => jobExecutor.execute(new JobHandler(job)))
logInfo(“Added jobs for time ” + jobSet.time)
}
}

JobHandle是一个Runnable接口，Job就是我们业务逻辑，代表的就是一系列RDD的依赖关系,job.run方法就导致了func函数的调用。
private class JobHandler(job: Job) extends Runnable with Logging {
import JobScheduler._

def run() {  try {    val formattedTime = UIUtils.formatBatchTime(      job.time.milliseconds, ssc.graph.batchDuration.milliseconds, showYYYYMMSS = false)    val batchUrl = s"/streaming/batch/?id=${job.time.milliseconds}"    val batchLinkText = s"[output operation ${job.outputOpId}, batch time ${formattedTime}]"    ssc.sc.setJobDescription(      s"""Streaming job from <a href="$batchUrl">$batchLinkText</a>""")    ssc.sc.setLocalProperty(BATCH_TIME_PROPERTY_KEY, job.time.milliseconds.toString)    ssc.sc.setLocalProperty(OUTPUT_OP_ID_PROPERTY_KEY, job.outputOpId.toString)    // We need to assign `eventLoop` to a temp variable. Otherwise, because    // `JobScheduler.stop(false)` may set `eventLoop` to null when this method is running, then    // it's possible that when `post` is called, `eventLoop` happens to null.    var _eventLoop = eventLoop    if (_eventLoop != null) {      _eventLoop.post(JobStarted(job, clock.getTimeMillis()))      // Disable checks for existing output directories in jobs launched by the streaming      // scheduler, since we may need to write output to an existing directory during checkpoint      // recovery; see SPARK-4835 for more details.      PairRDDFunctions.disableOutputSpecValidation.withValue(true) {

//
job.run()
}
_eventLoop = eventLoop
if (_eventLoop != null) {
_eventLoop.post(JobCompleted(job, clock.getTimeMillis()))
}
} else {
// JobScheduler has been stopped.
}
} finally {
ssc.sc.setLocalProperty(JobScheduler.BATCH_TIME_PROPERTY_KEY, null)
ssc.sc.setLocalProperty(JobScheduler.OUTPUT_OP_ID_PROPERTY_KEY, null)
}
}
}
}

此时的func就是基于DStream的业务逻辑。也就是RDD之间依赖的业务逻辑。
def run() {
_result = Try(func())
}

jobSet.jobs.foreach(job => jobExecutor.execute(new JobHandler(job)))
其中ThreadPoolExcutor.execute就会在线程池中执行JobHandler中的run方法。
/**
* Executes the given task sometime in the future. The task
* may execute in a new thread or in an existing pooled thread.
*
* If the task cannot be submitted for execution, either because this
* executor has been shutdown or because its capacity has been reached,
* the task is handled by the current {@code RejectedExecutionHandler}.
*
* @param command the task to execute
* @throws RejectedExecutionException at discretion of
* {@code RejectedExecutionHandler}, if the task
* cannot be accepted for execution
* @throws NullPointerException if {@code command} is null
*/
public void execute(Runnable command) {
if (command == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
/*
* Proceed in 3 steps:
*
* 1. If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, try to
* start a new thread with the given command as its first
* task. The call to addWorker atomically checks runState and
* workerCount, and so prevents false alarms that would add
* threads when it shouldn’t, by returning false.
*
* 2. If a task can be successfully queued, then we still need
* to double-check whether we should have added a thread
* (because existing ones died since last checking) or that
* the pool shut down since entry into this method. So we
* recheck state and if necessary roll back the enqueuing if
* stopped, or start a new thread if there are none.
*
* 3. If we cannot queue task, then we try to add a new
* thread. If it fails, we know we are shut down or saturated
* and so reject the task.
*/
int c = ctl.get();
if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
if (addWorker(command, true))
return;
c = ctl.get();
}
if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
int recheck = ctl.get();
if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
reject(command);
else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
addWorker(null, false);
}
else if (!addWorker(command, false))
reject(command);
}

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