【Docker江湖】之创建带有SSH服务的镜像

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Docker江湖

  • 【Docker江湖】之Docker部署与理解

  • 【Docker江湖】之hub上镜像的使用,Dockerfile语法解读和数据管理

  • 【Docker江湖】之创建带有SSH服务的镜像


写在前边的话

   一般情况下,linux操作系统的管理员通过SSH服务来管理操作系统,但是Docker的很多镜像都是不带SSH服务的,接下来我们就来看一下如何创建一个带有SSH服务的镜像

基于Commit命令创建

1:准备一个ubuntu的镜像

sudo docker pull ubuntu

默认安装最新版,查看镜像

sudo docker images

这个时候便可以看到我们pull的ubuntu镜像了

这里写图片描述

2:启动镜像,进入容器

[redhat@localhost ~]$ sudo docker run -it -d ubuntu:latest /bin/bash[sudo] password for redhat:e968f75ffc88881377ac0b5b74bd273c3c516544ff7d6270a1683aa676da3d6c[redhat@localhost ~]$ sudo docker psCONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMESe968f75ffc88        ubuntu:latest       "/bin/bash"         18 seconds ago      Up 16 seconds                           cranky_stallman[redhat@localhost ~]$ sudo docker exec -it e9 /bin/bash

尝试使用sshd命令,会发现容器中并没有安装此命令

root@e968f75ffc88:/# sshdbash: sshd: command not found

尝试安装openssh-server

root@e968f75ffc88:/# apt-get install openssh-serverReading package lists... DoneBuilding dependency treeReading state information... DoneE: Unable to locate package openssh-server

更新软件源

apt-get update

3:安装和配置ssh服务

apt-get install openssh-server

要正常启动ssh服务,需要目录/var/run/sshd存在,手动创建他,并启动服务

mkdir -p /var/run/sshd
/usr/sbin/sshd -D &

此时查看容器的22端口(SSH服务默认监听的端口),已经处于监听状态

apt-get install net-tools
netstat -tunlp

root@e968f75ffc88:/# netstat -tunlpActive Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program nametcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      3551/sshdtcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      3551/sshd

修改SSH服务的安全登录配置,取消pam登陆限制

sed -ri ‘s/session required pam_loginuid.so/#session required pam_loginuid.so/g’ /etc/pam.d/sshd

root用户目录下创建.ssh目录,并复制需要登录的公钥信息(一般为本地主机用户目录下的.ssh/id_rsd.pub文件,可由ssh-keygen -t rsa命令生成)到authorized_keys文件中

mkdir root/.ssh
apt-get install vim
vim /root/.ssh/authorized_keys

创建自动启动SSH服务的可执行文件run.sh,并添加可执行权限:

vim /run.sh
chmod +x run.sh

run.sh的内容如下:

#!/bin/bash/usr/sbin/sshd -D

最后退出容器:

exit

4:保存镜像

sudo docker commit fcl sshd:ubuntu

查看本地镜像,就会看到新生成的镜像

```[redhat@localhost ~]$ sudo docker ps -aCONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                          PORTS               NAMESe968f75ffc88        ubuntu:latest       "/bin/bash"         About an hour ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago                       cranky_stallman[redhat@localhost ~]$ sudo docker commit e96 sshd:ubuntusha256:f52e07fa7accf437f52cb39cd36cdab9229ef88b2280129ff4d2c272fbb73aad[redhat@localhost ~]$ sudo docker imagesREPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED              SIZEsshd                ubuntu              f52e07fa7acc        About a minute ago   255 MBubuntu              latest              f753707788c5        2 weeks ago          127.1 MB

使用镜像,并添加端口映射(10022–>22),其中10022是宿主主机的端口,22是容器SSH服务监听端口

sudo docker run -it -d -p 10022:22 sshd:ubuntu_new /run.sh

SSH测试登录

ssh you_ip -p 10022

[root@localhost .ssh]# ssh 192.168.10.179 -p 10022The authenticity of host '[192.168.10.179]:10022 ([192.168.10.179]:10022)' can't be established.ECDSA key fingerprint is 0b:ae:62:09:a2:18:4e:ef:16:e3:3f:b9:2d:15:fb:7a.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added '[192.168.10.179]:10022' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64 x86_64) * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantageThe programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software;the exact distribution terms for each program are described in theindividual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted byapplicable law.root@e498e20668d9:~# exitlogoutConnection to 192.168.10.179 closed.

使用Dockerfile创建

1:创建工作目录

首先创建一个sshd_ubuntu目录

mkdir ssh_ubuntu

在其中,创建Dockerfile和run.sh文件

[root@localhost mydockerfile]# cd ssh_ubuntu/[root@localhost ssh_ubuntu]# touch Dockerfile run.sh[root@localhost ssh_ubuntu]# lsDockerfile  run.sh[root@localhost ssh_ubuntu]#

2:编写run.sh脚本和authorized_keys文件

脚本文件run.sh的内容与上面的内容一致:

#!/bin/bash/usr/sbin/sshd -D

在宿主主机上生成SSh密钥对,并创建authorized_keys文件:

cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub > authorized_keys

3:编写Dockerfile

下面是Dockerfile内容及各部分注释,和上边commit镜像的步骤操作是一致的

#设置继承镜像FROM ubuntu:latest#运行命令RUN apt-get update#安装sshRUN apt-get install -y openssh-serverRUN mkdir -p /var/run/sshdRUN mkdir -p /root/.ssh#取消pam限制RUN sed -ri 's/session required pam_loginuid.so/#session required pam_loginuid.so/g' /etc/pam.d/sshd#复制配置文件到相应位置,并赋予脚本可执行权限ADD authorized_keys /root/.ssh/authorized_keysADD run.sh /run.shRUN chmod 755 /run.sh#开放端口EXPOSE 22#设置自启动命令CMD ["/run.sh"]

4:创建镜像

在sshd_ubuntu 目录下,使用docker build 命令来创建镜像,注意一下,在最后还有一个“.” ,表示使用当前目录中的Dockerfile

cd sshd_ubuntu
sudo docker build -t sshd:dockerfile .

这里有一点需要注意的是使用Dockerfile创建自定义镜像,docker会自动删除中间临时创建的层,还需要注意每一步的操作和编写的dockerfile中命令的对应关系
执行docker build命令的输出参考结果如下:

命令执行完毕后,如果可见 “successfully build XXX”字样,则说明镜像创建成功,可以看到,以上命令生成的镜像ID是

Step 11 : CMD /run.sh ---> Running in 69e4227186fb ---> f530a7a43fd7Removing intermediate container 69e4227186fbSuccessfully built f530a7a43fd7

在本地查看sshd:dokcerfile镜像已存在:

[root@localhost ssh_ubuntu]# sudo docker imagesREPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED              SIZEsshd                dockerfile          f530a7a43fd7        About a minute ago   220.6 MBsshd                ubuntu              cc0c1d242d82        38 minutes ago       255 MB

5:测试镜像,运行容器

使用刚才创建的sshd:dockerfile镜像来运行一个容器,直接启动镜像,映射容器的22端口到本地10122端口:

sudo docker run -d -p 10122:22 sshd:dockerfile
ssh 192.168.10.179 -p 10122

显示:

[root@localhost .ssh]# ssh 192.168.10.179 -p 10122The authenticity of host '[192.168.10.179]:10122 ([192.168.10.179]:10022)' can't be established.ECDSA key fingerprint is 0b:ae:62:09:a2:18:4e:ef:16:e3:3f:b9:2d:15:fb:7a.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added '[192.168.10.179]:10022' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64 x86_64) * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantageThe programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software;the exact distribution terms for each program are described in theindividual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted byapplicable law.root@e498e20668d9:~# exitlogoutConnection to 192.168.10.179 closed.

Over!

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