HttpClient学习笔记 --发送Http和Https请求

前言

在前面有一章我转载过一篇关于HttpClient的文章：HttpClient使用详解，在那篇文章中详细讲解了HttpClient的特性，使用方法和实例。
这篇文章主要就上篇文章进一步浓缩，封装了HttpClient发送http和https请求的方法，形成一个工具类HttpClientUtil，大家以后在用到网络请求时，直接用这个工具类即可。

本文是为后续接口测试框架系列的文章做铺垫，大家可以好好看，把代码拷贝下来，测试一下，无非就是通过request得到response，然后校验response的值。

主要方法

主要方法如下：

1.doGet
发送GET请求（HTTP），K-V形式

2.doPost
发送POST请求（HTTP），K-V形式

3.doPostSSL
发送 SSL POST请（HTTPS），K-V形式

4.postWithFile
发送post请求,并上传文件

实例代码

由于我是通过maven建的project，所以pom.xml文件中主要依赖如下：
不会使用maven的也可以到apache的网站上直接下载相应的jar包，导入到Eclipse中添加依赖即可，不会的可以联系我，我会在线回答！！

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents/httpclient-osgi --><dependency>    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>    <artifactId>httpclient-osgi</artifactId>    <version>4.5.2</version></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents/httpclient --><dependency>    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>    <version>4.5.2</version></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents/httpmime --><dependency>    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>    <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>    <version>4.5.2</version></dependency>

HttpClientUtil代码如下：

package com.dji.utils;import java.io.File;import java.io.IOException;import java.nio.charset.Charset;import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;import java.security.cert.CertificateException;import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Iterator;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;import java.util.Map.Entry;import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustStrategy;import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.X509HostnameVerifier;import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;/** * 封装了HttpClient发送http和https请求的方法(包括get和post请求)，形成一个工具类HttpClientUtil， * 大家以后在用到网络请求时，直接用这个工具类即可 * @author Charlie.chen * @date 2016-10-31 * */public class HttpClientUtil {    //public static LogUtil log = new LogUtil(HttpclientUtil.class);    private static PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connMgr;    private static RequestConfig requestConfig;    private static final int MAX_TIMEOUT = 7000;    static {        // 设置连接池        connMgr = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();        // 设置连接池大小        connMgr.setMaxTotal(100);        connMgr.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(connMgr.getMaxTotal());        RequestConfig.Builder configBuilder = RequestConfig.custom();        // 设置连接超时        configBuilder.setConnectTimeout(MAX_TIMEOUT);        // 设置读取超时        configBuilder.setSocketTimeout(MAX_TIMEOUT);        // 设置从连接池获取连接实例的超时        configBuilder.setConnectionRequestTimeout(MAX_TIMEOUT);        // 在提交请求之前 测试连接是否可用        configBuilder.setStaleConnectionCheckEnabled(true);        requestConfig = configBuilder.build();    }    /**     * 发送GET请求（HTTP），K-V形式     * @param url     * @param params     * @author Charlie.chen；     * @return     */    public static String doGet(String url,Map<String, Object> params) {        String apiUrl = url;        StringBuffer param = new StringBuffer();        int i = 0;        for (String key : params.keySet()) {            if (i == 0)                param.append("?");            else                param.append("&");            param.append(key).append("=").append(params.get(key));            i++;        }        apiUrl += param;        // 创建默认的HttpClient实例.        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();        try {            // 定义一个get请求方法            HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(apiUrl);            // 执行get请求，返回response服务器响应对象, 其中包含了状态信息和服务器返回的数据            CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = httpclient.execute(httpget);            // 使用响应对象, 获得状态码, 处理内容            int statusCode = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();            if (statusCode == 200) {                // 使用响应对象获取响应实体                HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();                // 将响应实体转为字符串                String response = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");                return response;            } else {                // log.error("访问失败"+statusCode);            }        } catch (Exception e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } finally {            try {                // 关闭连接, 和释放资源                httpclient.close();            } catch (IOException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        }        return null;    }    /**     * 发送POST请求（HTTP），K-V形式     * @param url     * @param params     * @author Charlie.chen     * @return     */    public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> params) {        // 创建默认的HttpClient实例.        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();        try {            // 定义一个get请求方法            HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url);            // List<NameValuePair> parameters = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();            // parameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", userName));            // parameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", password));            // 定义post请求的参数            // 建立一个NameValuePair数组，用于存储欲传送的参数            List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();            Iterator iterator = params.entrySet().iterator();            while (iterator.hasNext()) {                Entry<String, String> elem = (Entry<String, String>) iterator.next();                list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(elem.getKey(), elem.getValue()));            }            if (list.size() > 0) {                httppost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list, "utf-8"));            }            // httppost.setHeader("Content-type","application/json,charset=utf-8");            // httppost.setHeader("Accept", "application/json");            // 执行post请求，返回response服务器响应对象, 其中包含了状态信息和服务器返回的数据            CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = httpclient.execute(httppost);            // 使用响应对象, 获得状态码, 处理内容            int statusCode = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();            if (statusCode == 200) {                // 使用响应对象获取响应实体                HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();                // 将响应实体转为字符串                String response = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");                return response;            } else {                // log.error("访问失败"+statusCode);            }        } catch (Exception e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } finally {            try {                // 关闭连接, 和释放资源                httpclient.close();            } catch (IOException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        }        return null;    }     /**     * 发送 SSL POST请（HTTPS），K-V形式     * @param url     * @param params     * @author Charlie.chen     */     public static String doPostSSL(String url, Map<String, Object> params) {        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(createSSLConn()).setConnectionManager(connMgr).setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).build();        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;        String httpStr = null;        try {            httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);            List<NameValuePair> pairList = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(params.size());            for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : params.entrySet()) {                NameValuePair pair = new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry                        .getValue().toString());                pairList.add(pair);            }            httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(pairList, Charset.forName("utf-8")));            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);            int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();            if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {                return null;            }            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();            if (entity == null) {                return null;            }            httpStr = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");        } catch (Exception e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } finally {            if (response != null) {                try {                    EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());                } catch (IOException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }            }        }        return httpStr;    }     /**     * 创建SSL安全连接     * @param url     * @param params     * @author Charlie.chen     * @return     */    private static SSLConnectionSocketFactory createSSLConn() {        SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = null;        try {            SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy() {                public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {                    return true;                }            }).build();            sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, new X509HostnameVerifier() {                public boolean verify(String arg0, SSLSession arg1) {                    return true;                }                public void verify(String host, SSLSocket ssl) throws IOException {                }                public void verify(String host, X509Certificate cert) throws SSLException {                }                public void verify(String host, String[] cns, String[] subjectAlts) throws SSLException {                }            });        } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }        return sslsf;    }     /**     * 发送post请求,并上传文件     */     public String postWithFile(String url,String filePath) {         CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();         try {             HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url);             FileBody bin=null;             File file = new File(filePath);             if (file.exists()) {                 bin=new FileBody(file);             }else{                 System.out.println("Can't find " + filePath);             }         StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind",ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);         //请求实体         HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin",bin).addPart("comment", comment).build();         httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);         //执行post请求，返回response服务器响应对象, 其中包含了状态信息和服务器返回的数据         CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = httpclient.execute(httppost);         // 使用响应对象, 获得状态码, 处理内容         int statusCode = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();         if(statusCode == 200) {             // 使用响应对象获取响应实体             HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();             //将响应实体转为字符串             String response = EntityUtils.toString(entity,"utf-8");             return response;         }else{             System.out.println("访问失败"+statusCode);         }         }catch (Exception e) {             e.printStackTrace();         } finally {             try {                 // 关闭连接, 和释放资源                 httpclient.close();             } catch (IOException e) {                 e.printStackTrace();             }         }         return null;     }}