dirent--文件以及文件夹相关操作(跨平台)
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windows客户端开发–文件以及文件夹相关操作(windows api)
一文中，主要使用了一些windows api实现文件以及文件夹的相关操作。
c++语言本身不提供文件相关操作，我们也可以使用boost库完成我们想要的功能。
但是为了仅仅一个小功能，引入boost库，似乎有点小题大做吧，那今天就介绍一种“跨平台”的文件操作，dirent。
这里所谓的“跨平台”其实是个伪命题，不是真正意义上的。
let us go!!!
初识dirent
是POSIX.1标准定义的unix类目录操作的头文件，包含了许多UNIX系统服务的函数原型，例如opendir函数、readdir函数.
看到上面的描述，你会理解我所说的用引号引起来的“跨平台”了。
在windows平台上同样可以使用：
https://github.com/tronkko/dirent/blob/master/include/dirent.h
只是简单的包含这个头文件dirent.h就可以了，因为这个文件只有八百多行，在博客的最后面，我将会贴上这个源码。
熟悉dirent
dirent结构体：
struct dirent { long d_ino; /* Always zero */ unsigned short d_reclen; /* Structure size */ size_t d_namlen; /* Length of name without \0 */ int d_type; /* File type */ char d_name[PATH_MAX]; /* File name */ }; typedef struct dirent dirent;DIR：
A type representing a directory stream.
struct DIR { struct dirent ent; struct _WDIR *wdirp; }; typedef struct DIR DIR;一些函数：
int closedir(DIR *);DIR *opendir(const char *);struct dirent *readdir(DIR *);int readdir_r(DIR *, struct dirent *, struct dirent **);void rewinddir(DIR *);void seekdir(DIR *, long int);long int telldir(DIR *);使用dirent
删除文件夹下所有文件：
DIR *foder = opendir(file_path_to_delete.c_str()); struct dirent *next_file; char filepath[256]; while ((next_file = readdir(foder)) != NULL) { // build the path for each file in the folder sprintf(filepath, "%s/%s", course_path.c_str(), next_file->d_name); remove(filepath); }注意：
路径要以’/’结尾：
file_path_to_delete += "\/";判断目录是否存在：
DIR *mydir = NULL; if((mydir= opendir(dir))==NULL)//判断目录 { int ret = mkdir(dir, MODE);//创建目录 if (ret != 0) { return -1; } printf("%s created sucess!/n", dir); } 判断是文件夹还是文件：
unsigned char isFile =0x8;DIR Dir;struct dirent *DirEntry;Dir = opendir("c:/test/")while(Dir=readdir(Dir)){ if ( DirEntry->d_type == isFile) { cout <<"Found a File : " << DirEntry->d_name << endl; }}==========================================================华丽的分割线============================================================
//dirent.h
/** dirent.h - dirent API for Microsoft Visual Studio** Copyright (C) 2006-2012 Toni Ronkko** Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining* a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the* ``Software''), to deal in the Software without restriction, including* without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,* distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to* permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to* the following conditions:** The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included* in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.** THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS* OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.* IN NO EVENT SHALL TONI RONKKO BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR* OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,* ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR* OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.** $Id: dirent.h,v 1.20 2014/03/19 17:52:23 tronkko Exp $*/#ifndef DIRENT_H#define DIRENT_H/** Define architecture flags so we don't need to include windows.h.* Avoiding windows.h makes it simpler to use windows sockets in conjunction* with dirent.h.*/#if !defined(_68K_) && !defined(_MPPC_) && !defined(_X86_) && !defined(_IA64_) && !defined(_AMD64_) && defined(_M_IX86)# define _X86_#endif#if !defined(_68K_) && !defined(_MPPC_) && !defined(_X86_) && !defined(_IA64_) && !defined(_AMD64_) && defined(_M_AMD64)#define _AMD64_#endif#include <stdio.h>#include <stdarg.h>#include <windef.h>#include <winbase.h>#include <wchar.h>#include <string.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <malloc.h>#include <sys/types.h>#include <sys/stat.h>#include <errno.h>/* Indicates that d_type field is available in dirent structure */#define _DIRENT_HAVE_D_TYPE/* Indicates that d_namlen field is available in dirent structure */#define _DIRENT_HAVE_D_NAMLEN/* Entries missing from MSVC 6.0 */#if !defined(FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE)# define FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE 0x40#endif/* File type and permission flags for stat() */#if !defined(S_IFMT)# define S_IFMT _S_IFMT /* File type mask */#endif#if !defined(S_IFDIR)# define S_IFDIR _S_IFDIR /* Directory */#endif#if !defined(S_IFCHR)# define S_IFCHR _S_IFCHR /* Character device */#endif#if !defined(S_IFFIFO)# define S_IFFIFO _S_IFFIFO /* Pipe */#endif#if !defined(S_IFREG)# define S_IFREG _S_IFREG /* Regular file */#endif#if !defined(S_IREAD)# define S_IREAD _S_IREAD /* Read permission */#endif#if !defined(S_IWRITE)# define S_IWRITE _S_IWRITE /* Write permission */#endif#if !defined(S_IEXEC)# define S_IEXEC _S_IEXEC /* Execute permission */#endif#if !defined(S_IFIFO)# define S_IFIFO _S_IFIFO /* Pipe */#endif#if !defined(S_IFBLK)# define S_IFBLK 0 /* Block device */#endif#if !defined(S_IFLNK)# define S_IFLNK 0 /* Link */#endif#if !defined(S_IFSOCK)# define S_IFSOCK 0 /* Socket */#endif#if defined(_MSC_VER)# define S_IRUSR S_IREAD /* Read user */# define S_IWUSR S_IWRITE /* Write user */# define S_IXUSR 0 /* Execute user */# define S_IRGRP 0 /* Read group */# define S_IWGRP 0 /* Write group */# define S_IXGRP 0 /* Execute group */# define S_IROTH 0 /* Read others */# define S_IWOTH 0 /* Write others */# define S_IXOTH 0 /* Execute others */#endif/* Maximum length of file name */#if !defined(PATH_MAX)# define PATH_MAX MAX_PATH#endif#if !defined(FILENAME_MAX)# define FILENAME_MAX MAX_PATH#endif#if !defined(NAME_MAX)# define NAME_MAX FILENAME_MAX#endif/* File type flags for d_type */#define DT_UNKNOWN 0#define DT_REG S_IFREG#define DT_DIR S_IFDIR#define DT_FIFO S_IFIFO#define DT_SOCK S_IFSOCK#define DT_CHR S_IFCHR#define DT_BLK S_IFBLK#define DT_LNK S_IFLNK/* Macros for converting between st_mode and d_type */#define IFTODT(mode) ((mode) & S_IFMT)#define DTTOIF(type) (type)/** File type macros. Note that block devices, sockets and links cannot be* distinguished on Windows and the macros S_ISBLK, S_ISSOCK and S_ISLNK are* only defined for compatibility. These macros should always return false* on Windows.*/#define S_ISFIFO(mode) (((mode) & S_IFMT) == S_IFIFO)#define S_ISDIR(mode) (((mode) & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)#define S_ISREG(mode) (((mode) & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG)#define S_ISLNK(mode) (((mode) & S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK)#define S_ISSOCK(mode) (((mode) & S_IFMT) == S_IFSOCK)#define S_ISCHR(mode) (((mode) & S_IFMT) == S_IFCHR)#define S_ISBLK(mode) (((mode) & S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK)/* Return the exact length of d_namlen without zero terminator */#define _D_EXACT_NAMLEN(p) ((p)->d_namlen)/* Return number of bytes needed to store d_namlen */#define _D_ALLOC_NAMLEN(p) (PATH_MAX)#ifdef __cplusplusextern "C" {#endif /* Wide-character version */ struct _wdirent { long d_ino; /* Always zero */ unsigned short d_reclen; /* Structure size */ size_t d_namlen; /* Length of name without \0 */ int d_type; /* File type */ wchar_t d_name[PATH_MAX]; /* File name */ }; typedef struct _wdirent _wdirent; struct _WDIR { struct _wdirent ent; /* Current directory entry */ WIN32_FIND_DATAW data; /* Private file data */ int cached; /* True if data is valid */ HANDLE handle; /* Win32 search handle */ wchar_t *patt; /* Initial directory name */ }; typedef struct _WDIR _WDIR; static _WDIR *_wopendir(const wchar_t *dirname); static struct _wdirent *_wreaddir(_WDIR *dirp); static int _wclosedir(_WDIR *dirp); static void _wrewinddir(_WDIR* dirp); /* For compatibility with Symbian */#define wdirent _wdirent#define WDIR _WDIR#define wopendir _wopendir#define wreaddir _wreaddir#define wclosedir _wclosedir#define wrewinddir _wrewinddir /* Multi-byte character versions */ struct dirent { long d_ino; /* Always zero */ unsigned short d_reclen; /* Structure size */ size_t d_namlen; /* Length of name without \0 */ int d_type; /* File type */ char d_name[PATH_MAX]; /* File name */ }; typedef struct dirent dirent; struct DIR { struct dirent ent; struct _WDIR *wdirp; }; typedef struct DIR DIR; static DIR *opendir(const char *dirname); static struct dirent *readdir(DIR *dirp); static int closedir(DIR *dirp); static void rewinddir(DIR* dirp); /* Internal utility functions */ static WIN32_FIND_DATAW *dirent_first(_WDIR *dirp); static WIN32_FIND_DATAW *dirent_next(_WDIR *dirp); static int dirent_mbstowcs_s( size_t *pReturnValue, wchar_t *wcstr, size_t sizeInWords, const char *mbstr, size_t count); static int dirent_wcstombs_s( size_t *pReturnValue, char *mbstr, size_t sizeInBytes, const wchar_t *wcstr, size_t count); static void dirent_set_errno(int error); /* * Open directory stream DIRNAME for read and return a pointer to the * internal working area that is used to retrieve individual directory * entries. */ static _WDIR* _wopendir( const wchar_t *dirname) { _WDIR *dirp = NULL; int error; /* Must have directory name */ if (dirname == NULL || dirname[0] == '\0') { dirent_set_errno(ENOENT); return NULL; } /* Allocate new _WDIR structure */ dirp = (_WDIR*)malloc(sizeof(struct _WDIR)); if (dirp != NULL) { DWORD n; /* Reset _WDIR structure */ dirp->handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE; dirp->patt = NULL; dirp->cached = 0; /* Compute the length of full path plus zero terminator */ n = GetFullPathNameW(dirname, 0, NULL, NULL); /* Allocate room for absolute directory name and search pattern */ dirp->patt = (wchar_t*)malloc(sizeof(wchar_t) * n + 16); if (dirp->patt) { /* * Convert relative directory name to an absolute one. This * allows rewinddir() to function correctly even when current * working directory is changed between opendir() and rewinddir(). */ n = GetFullPathNameW(dirname, n, dirp->patt, NULL); if (n > 0) { wchar_t *p; /* Append search pattern \* to the directory name */ p = dirp->patt + n; if (dirp->patt < p) { switch (p[-1]) { case '\\': case '/': case ':': /* Directory ends in path separator, e.g. c:\temp\ */ /*NOP*/; break; default: /* Directory name doesn't end in path separator */ *p++ = '\\'; } } *p++ = '*'; *p = '\0'; /* Open directory stream and retrieve the first entry */ if (dirent_first(dirp)) { /* Directory stream opened successfully */ error = 0; } else { /* Cannot retrieve first entry */ error = 1; dirent_set_errno(ENOENT); } } else { /* Cannot retrieve full path name */ dirent_set_errno(ENOENT); error = 1; } } else { /* Cannot allocate memory for search pattern */ error = 1; } } else { /* Cannot allocate _WDIR structure */ error = 1; } /* Clean up in case of error */ if (error && dirp) { _wclosedir(dirp); dirp = NULL; } return dirp; } /* * Read next directory entry. The directory entry is returned in dirent * structure in the d_name field. Individual directory entries returned by * this function include regular files, sub-directories, pseudo-directories * "." and ".." as well as volume labels, hidden files and system files. */ static struct _wdirent* _wreaddir( _WDIR *dirp) { WIN32_FIND_DATAW *datap; struct _wdirent *entp; /* Read next directory entry */ datap = dirent_next(dirp); if (datap) { size_t n; DWORD attr; /* Pointer to directory entry to return */ entp = &dirp->ent; /* * Copy file name as wide-character string. If the file name is too * long to fit in to the destination buffer, then truncate file name * to PATH_MAX characters and zero-terminate the buffer. */ n = 0; while (n + 1 < PATH_MAX && datap->cFileName[n] != 0) { entp->d_name[n] = datap->cFileName[n]; n++; } dirp->ent.d_name[n] = 0; /* Length of file name excluding zero terminator */ entp->d_namlen = n; /* File type */ attr = datap->dwFileAttributes; if ((attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE) != 0) { entp->d_type = DT_CHR; } else if ((attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) != 0) { entp->d_type = DT_DIR; } else { entp->d_type = DT_REG; } /* Reset dummy fields */ entp->d_ino = 0; entp->d_reclen = sizeof(struct _wdirent); } else { /* Last directory entry read */ entp = NULL; } return entp; } /* * Close directory stream opened by opendir() function. This invalidates the * DIR structure as well as any directory entry read previously by * _wreaddir(). */ static int _wclosedir( _WDIR *dirp) { int ok; if (dirp) { /* Release search handle */ if (dirp->handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { FindClose(dirp->handle); dirp->handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE; } /* Release search pattern */ if (dirp->patt) { free(dirp->patt); dirp->patt = NULL; } /* Release directory structure */ free(dirp); ok = /*success*/0; } else { /* Invalid directory stream */ dirent_set_errno(EBADF); ok = /*failure*/-1; } return ok; } /* * Rewind directory stream such that _wreaddir() returns the very first * file name again. */ static void _wrewinddir( _WDIR* dirp) { if (dirp) { /* Release existing search handle */ if (dirp->handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { FindClose(dirp->handle); } /* Open new search handle */ dirent_first(dirp); } } /* Get first directory entry (internal) */ static WIN32_FIND_DATAW* dirent_first( _WDIR *dirp) { WIN32_FIND_DATAW *datap; /* Open directory and retrieve the first entry */ dirp->handle = FindFirstFileW(dirp->patt, &dirp->data); if (dirp->handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { /* a directory entry is now waiting in memory */ datap = &dirp->data; dirp->cached = 1; } else { /* Failed to re-open directory: no directory entry in memory */ dirp->cached = 0; datap = NULL; } return datap; } /* Get next directory entry (internal) */ static WIN32_FIND_DATAW* dirent_next( _WDIR *dirp) { WIN32_FIND_DATAW *p; /* Get next directory entry */ if (dirp->cached != 0) { /* A valid directory entry already in memory */ p = &dirp->data; dirp->cached = 0; } else if (dirp->handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { /* Get the next directory entry from stream */ if (FindNextFileW(dirp->handle, &dirp->data) != FALSE) { /* Got a file */ p = &dirp->data; } else { /* The very last entry has been processed or an error occured */ FindClose(dirp->handle); dirp->handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE; p = NULL; } } else { /* End of directory stream reached */ p = NULL; } return p; } /* * Open directory stream using plain old C-string. */ static DIR* opendir( const char *dirname) { struct DIR *dirp; int error; /* Must have directory name */ if (dirname == NULL || dirname[0] == '\0') { dirent_set_errno(ENOENT); return NULL; } /* Allocate memory for DIR structure */ dirp = (DIR*)malloc(sizeof(struct DIR)); if (dirp) { wchar_t wname[PATH_MAX]; size_t n; /* Convert directory name to wide-character string */ error = dirent_mbstowcs_s(&n, wname, PATH_MAX, dirname, PATH_MAX); if (!error) { /* Open directory stream using wide-character name */ dirp->wdirp = _wopendir(wname); if (dirp->wdirp) { /* Directory stream opened */ error = 0; } else { /* Failed to open directory stream */ error = 1; } } else { /* * Cannot convert file name to wide-character string. This * occurs if the string contains invalid multi-byte sequences or * the output buffer is too small to contain the resulting * string. */ error = 1; } } else { /* Cannot allocate DIR structure */ error = 1; } /* Clean up in case of error */ if (error && dirp) { free(dirp); dirp = NULL; } return dirp; } /* * Read next directory entry. * * When working with text consoles, please note that file names returned by * readdir() are represented in the default ANSI code page while any output to * console is typically formatted on another code page. Thus, non-ASCII * characters in file names will not usually display correctly on console. The * problem can be fixed in two ways: (1) change the character set of console * to 1252 using chcp utility and use Lucida Console font, or (2) use * _cprintf function when writing to console. The _cprinf() will re-encode * ANSI strings to the console code page so many non-ASCII characters will * display correcly. */ static struct dirent* readdir( DIR *dirp) { WIN32_FIND_DATAW *datap; struct dirent *entp; /* Read next directory entry */ datap = dirent_next(dirp->wdirp); if (datap) { size_t n; int error; /* Attempt to convert file name to multi-byte string */ error = dirent_wcstombs_s( &n, dirp->ent.d_name, PATH_MAX, datap->cFileName, PATH_MAX); /* * If the file name cannot be represented by a multi-byte string, * then attempt to use old 8+3 file name. This allows traditional * Unix-code to access some file names despite of unicode * characters, although file names may seem unfamiliar to the user. * * Be ware that the code below cannot come up with a short file * name unless the file system provides one. At least * VirtualBox shared folders fail to do this. */ if (error && datap->cAlternateFileName[0] != '\0') { error = dirent_wcstombs_s( &n, dirp->ent.d_name, PATH_MAX, datap->cAlternateFileName, PATH_MAX); } if (!error) { DWORD attr; /* Initialize directory entry for return */ entp = &dirp->ent; /* Length of file name excluding zero terminator */ entp->d_namlen = n - 1; /* File attributes */ attr = datap->dwFileAttributes; if ((attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE) != 0) { entp->d_type = DT_CHR; } else if ((attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) != 0) { entp->d_type = DT_DIR; } else { entp->d_type = DT_REG; } /* Reset dummy fields */ entp->d_ino = 0; entp->d_reclen = sizeof(struct dirent); } else { /* * Cannot convert file name to multi-byte string so construct * an errornous directory entry and return that. Note that * we cannot return NULL as that would stop the processing * of directory entries completely. */ entp = &dirp->ent; entp->d_name[0] = '?'; entp->d_name[1] = '\0'; entp->d_namlen = 1; entp->d_type = DT_UNKNOWN; entp->d_ino = 0; entp->d_reclen = 0; } } else { /* No more directory entries */ entp = NULL; } return entp; } /* * Close directory stream. */ static int closedir( DIR *dirp) { int ok; if (dirp) { /* Close wide-character directory stream */ ok = _wclosedir(dirp->wdirp); dirp->wdirp = NULL; /* Release multi-byte character version */ free(dirp); } else { /* Invalid directory stream */ dirent_set_errno(EBADF); ok = /*failure*/-1; } return ok; } /* * Rewind directory stream to beginning. */ static void rewinddir( DIR* dirp) { /* Rewind wide-character string directory stream */ _wrewinddir(dirp->wdirp); } /* Convert multi-byte string to wide character string */ static int dirent_mbstowcs_s( size_t *pReturnValue, wchar_t *wcstr, size_t sizeInWords, const char *mbstr, size_t count) { int error;#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400 /* Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 or later */ error = mbstowcs_s(pReturnValue, wcstr, sizeInWords, mbstr, count);#else /* Older Visual Studio or non-Microsoft compiler */ size_t n; /* Convert to wide-character string (or count characters) */ n = mbstowcs(wcstr, mbstr, sizeInWords); if (!wcstr || n < count) { /* Zero-terminate output buffer */ if (wcstr && sizeInWords) { if (n >= sizeInWords) { n = sizeInWords - 1; } wcstr[n] = 0; } /* Length of resuting multi-byte string WITH zero terminator */ if (pReturnValue) { *pReturnValue = n + 1; } /* Success */ error = 0; } else { /* Could not convert string */ error = 1; }#endif return error; } /* Convert wide-character string to multi-byte string */ static int dirent_wcstombs_s( size_t *pReturnValue, char *mbstr, size_t sizeInBytes, /* max size of mbstr */ const wchar_t *wcstr, size_t count) { int error;#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400 /* Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 or later */ error = wcstombs_s(pReturnValue, mbstr, sizeInBytes, wcstr, count);#else /* Older Visual Studio or non-Microsoft compiler */ size_t n; /* Convert to multi-byte string (or count the number of bytes needed) */ n = wcstombs(mbstr, wcstr, sizeInBytes); if (!mbstr || n < count) { /* Zero-terminate output buffer */ if (mbstr && sizeInBytes) { if (n >= sizeInBytes) { n = sizeInBytes - 1; } mbstr[n] = '\0'; } /* Lenght of resulting multi-bytes string WITH zero-terminator */ if (pReturnValue) { *pReturnValue = n + 1; } /* Success */ error = 0; } else { /* Cannot convert string */ error = 1; }#endif return error; } /* Set errno variable */ static void dirent_set_errno( int error) {#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400 /* Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 and later */ _set_errno(error);#else /* Non-Microsoft compiler or older Microsoft compiler */ errno = error;#endif }#ifdef __cplusplus}#endif#endif /*DIRENT_H*/ 5 0
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