HBase Shell
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当HBase集群配置好启动后，就可以使用HBase的Shell对HBase进行各种操作，如建表、添加记录、添加列族和删除表等。需使用HBase的bin目录下的HBase命令才能进入，具体操作如下：
进入HBase
[gznc@master ~]$ cd /home/gznc/hbase-0.98.7-hadoop2[gznc@master hbase-0.98.7-hadoop2]$ bin/hbase shell2016-11-01 19:40:21,367 INFO [main] Configuration.deprecation: hadoop.native.lib is deprecated. Instead, use io.native.lib.availableHBase Shell; enter 'help<RETURN>' for list of supported commands.Type "exit<RETURN>" to leave the HBase ShellVersion 0.98.7-hadoop2, r800c23e2207aa3f9bddb7e9514d8340bcfb89277, Wed Oct 8 15:58:11 PDT 2014hbase(main):001:0> 帮助命令help
hbase(main):001:0> helpHBase Shell, version 0.98.7-hadoop2, r800c23e2207aa3f9bddb7e9514d8340bcfb89277, Wed Oct 8 15:58:11 PDT 2014Type 'help "COMMAND"', (e.g. 'help "get"' -- the quotes are necessary) for help on a specific command.Commands are grouped. Type 'help "COMMAND_GROUP"', (e.g. 'help "general"') for help on a command group.COMMAND GROUPS: Group name: general Commands: status, table_help, version, whoami Group name: ddl Commands: alter, alter_async, alter_status, create, describe, disable, disable_all, drop, drop_all, enable, enable_all, exists, get_table, is_disabled, is_enabled, list, show_filters Group name: namespace Commands: alter_namespace, create_namespace, describe_namespace, drop_namespace, list_namespace, list_namespace_tables Group name: dml Commands: append, count, delete, deleteall, get, get_counter, incr, put, scan, truncate, truncate_preserve Group name: tools Commands: assign, balance_switch, balancer, catalogjanitor_enabled, catalogjanitor_run, catalogjanitor_switch, close_region, compact, flush, hlog_roll, major_compact, merge_region, move, split, trace, unassign, zk_dump Group name: replication Commands: add_peer, disable_peer, enable_peer, list_peers, list_replicated_tables, remove_peer, set_peer_tableCFs, show_peer_tableCFs Group name: snapshots Commands: clone_snapshot, delete_snapshot, list_snapshots, rename_snapshot, restore_snapshot, snapshot Group name: security Commands: grant, revoke, user_permission Group name: visibility labels Commands: add_labels, clear_auths, get_auths, set_auths, set_visibilitySHELL USAGE:Quote all names in HBase Shell such as table and column names. Commas delimitcommand parameters. Type <RETURN> after entering a command to run it.Dictionaries of configuration used in the creation and alteration of tables areRuby Hashes. They look like this: {'key1' => 'value1', 'key2' => 'value2', ...}and are opened and closed with curley-braces. Key/values are delimited by the'=>' character combination. Usually keys are predefined constants such asNAME, VERSIONS, COMPRESSION, etc. Constants do not need to be quoted. Type'Object.constants' to see a (messy) list of all constants in the environment.If you are using binary keys or values and need to enter them in the shell, usedouble-quote'd hexadecimal representation. For example: hbase> get 't1', "key\x03\x3f\xcd" hbase> get 't1', "key\003\023\011" hbase> put 't1', "test\xef\xff", 'f1:', "\x01\x33\x40"The HBase shell is the (J)Ruby IRB with the above HBase-specific commands added.For more on the HBase Shell, see http://hbase.apache.org/docs/current/book.htmlhbase(main):002:0> 查看HBaseRegionServer运行状态
hbase(main):002:0> statusSLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/gznc/hbase-0.98.7-hadoop2/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.6.4.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/gznc/hadoop-2.5.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.5.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.2016-11-01 19:44:41,122 WARN [main] util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable3 servers, 0 dead, 0.6667 average loadhbase(main):003:0> 查看HBase版本
hbase(main):004:0> version0.98.7-hadoop2, r800c23e2207aa3f9bddb7e9514d8340bcfb89277, Wed Oct 8 15:58:11 PDT 2014查看当前用户
hbase(main):005:0> whoamigznc (auth:SIMPLE) groups: gzncHbase数据库操作命令
创建表
该表有两个列族，分别是basic_info和school_info,分别用来存储基本信息和学校信息。basic_info包含5个列name、gender、birthday、connect、address，分别代表姓名、性别、出生年月、联系方式、住址；school_info包含三个列college、class、subject,分别代表所属学院、班级、专业。
创建表students，格式如下：
create ‘表名’ ‘列族1’，’列族2’，…..‘列族n’
hbase(main):008:0> create 'students' ,'stu_id','basic_info','school_info'0 row(s) in 1.0970 seconds=> Hbase::Table - students查看所有表
hbase(main):009:0> listTABLE students 1 row(s) in 0.0660 seconds=> ["students"]查看表结构
hbase(main):003:0> describe 'students'DESCRIPTION ENABLED 'students', {NAME => 'basic_info', DATA_BLOCK_ENCOD true ING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SC OPE => '0', VERSIONS => '1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETE D_CELLS => 'false', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}, {NAME => 'schoo l_info', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '1 ', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'false', BLOCKS IZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}, {NAME => 'stu_id', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_V ERSIONS => '0', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELL S => 'false', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'f alse', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'} 1 row(s) in 0.2400 seconds删除列族stu_id
删除列族要使用alter命令，用alter命令删除列族的格式有如下几种：
alter ‘表名’ ， NAME=>’列族名’，METHOD=>’delete’
alter ‘表名’ ， {NAME=>’列族名’，METHOD=>’delete’}
alter ‘表名’ ， ‘delete’=> ‘列族名’
hbase(main):005:0> alter 'students','delete'=>'stu_id'Updating all regions with the new schema...0/1 regions updated.1/1 regions updated.Done.0 row(s) in 2.4690 seconds此版本的HBase中，删除一个表的列族不需要使表在非使用的状态可以直接进行操作，在之前的某些版本中则不行，直接删除会出现以下错误
ERROR:Table memberis enable.Disable it first before altering这时需要先disable要操作的表，删除后，在进行enable操作，格式为disable/enable ‘表名’
注意：ddl命令是区分大小写的，像ddl中的alter,create, drop, enable等都必需用小写。而{}中的属性名都必需用大写。
查看列族stu_id删除是否成功
hbase(main):006:0> describe 'students'DESCRIPTION ENABLED 'students', {NAME => 'basic_info', DATA_BLOCK_ENCOD true ING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SC OPE => '0', VERSIONS => '1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETE D_CELLS => 'false', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}, {NAME => 'schoo l_info', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '1 ', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'false', BLOCKS IZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'} 1 row(s) in 0.1090 seconds删除一个表
删除一个表必须先disable,否则会出现错误，删除表使用drop命令，格式为
hbase(main):011:0> create 't','s'0 row(s) in 0.5130 seconds=> Hbase::Table - thbase(main):012:0> listTABLE students t 2 row(s) in 0.0710 seconds=> ["students", "t"]hbase(main):014:0> disable 't'0 row(s) in 1.4960 secondshbase(main):015:0> drop 't'0 row(s) in 0.2660 seconds查询一个表是否存在
hbase(main):016:0> exists 't'Table t does not exist 0 row(s) in 0.0470 secondshbase(main):017:0> exists 'students'Table students does exist 0 row(s) in 0.0750 seconds查询一个表的使用状态
hbase(main):019:0> is_enabled 'students'true 0 row(s) in 0.0580 secondshbase(main):020:0> is_disabled 'students'false 0 row(s) in 0.0570 secondsdml操作
dml操作主要是对表的记录的操作，如插入记录、查询记录等。
1.使用put命令向students表中插入记录，put命令格式如下：
put ‘表名’ ‘行键’，‘列族:列’，‘值’
hbase(main):021:0> stu = get_table 'students'0 row(s) in 0.0040 seconds=> Hbase::Table - studentshbase(main):022:0> stu.put '2016111','basic_info:name','YangMing'0 row(s) in 0.4390 secondshbase(main):023:0> stu.put '2016111','basic_info:gender','male'0 row(s) in 0.0130 secondshbase(main):024:0> stu.put '2016111','basic_info:birthday','1988-05-23'0 row(s) in 0.0260 secondshbase(main):025:0> stu.put '2016111','basic_info:connect','13911111111'0 row(s) in 0.0240 secondshbase(main):026:0> stu.put '2016111','basic_info:address','SiChuan-Chengdu'0 row(s) in 0.0440 secondshbase(main):027:0> stu.put '2016111','school_info:college','ChengXing'0 row(s) in 0.0340 secondshbase(main):028:0> stu.put '2016111','school_info:class','class 1 grade 2'0 row(s) in 0.0120 secondshbase(main):029:0> stu.put '2016111','school_info:object','Software'0 row(s) in 0.0130 seconds注意：第一步创建了students表的引用stu,这样操作更加方便
2.使用get获取数据，get命令的格式如下：
get 表名’ ， ‘行健’[, ‘列族[:列]’] 其中[ ] 为可选内容
hbase(main):033:0> get 'students','2016111'COLUMN CELL basic_info:address timestamp=1478006969468, value=SiChuan-Chengdu basic_info:birthday timestamp=1478006906499, value=1988-05-23 basic_info:connect timestamp=1478006935108, value=13911111111 basic_info:gender timestamp=1478006880018, value=male basic_info:name timestamp=1478006860715, value=YangMing school_info:class timestamp=1478007026804, value=class 1 grade 2 school_info:college timestamp=1478007005614, value=ChengXing school_info:object timestamp=1478007066226, value=Software 8 row(s) in 0.1400 seconds获取一个行键的所有数据：
hbase(main):034:0> stu.get '2016111'COLUMN CELL basic_info:address timestamp=1478006969468, value=SiChuan-Chengdu basic_info:birthday timestamp=1478006906499, value=1988-05-23 basic_info:connect timestamp=1478006935108, value=13911111111 basic_info:gender timestamp=1478006880018, value=male basic_info:name timestamp=1478006860715, value=YangMing school_info:class timestamp=1478007026804, value=class 1 grade 2 school_info:college timestamp=1478007005614, value=ChengXing school_info:object timestamp=1478007066226, value=Software 8 row(s) in 0.0960 seconds从以上输出可以看出，各列族数据是按列排好序的。
获取一个行键某列族的所有数据：
hbase(main):035:0> stu.get '2016111','basic_info'COLUMN CELL basic_info:address timestamp=1478006969468, value=SiChuan-Chengdu basic_info:birthday timestamp=1478006906499, value=1988-05-23 basic_info:connect timestamp=1478006935108, value=13911111111 basic_info:gender timestamp=1478006880018, value=male basic_info:name timestamp=1478006860715, value=YangMing 5 row(s) in 0.0380 seconds获取一个行键某列族最新的数据
hbase(main):036:0> stu.get '2016111','basic_info:name'COLUMN CELL basic_info:name timestamp=1478006860715, value=YangMing 1 row(s) in 0.0260 seconds3.为某条数据增加一个版本
hbase(main):037:0> stu.put '2016111','basic_info:connect','Tel:13252367856'0 row(s) in 0.0250 secondshbase(main):038:0> stu.get '2016111','basic_info:connect'COLUMN CELL basic_info:connect timestamp=1478019142670, value=Tel:13252367856 1 row(s) in 0.0220 seconds4.通过时间戳获取两个版本的数据
花括号里面的属性必须要大写
hbase(main):039:0> stu.get '2016111',{COLUMN=>'basic_info:connect',TIMESTAMP=>1478019142670}COLUMN CELL basic_info:connect timestamp=1478019142670, value=Tel:13252367856 1 row(s) in 0.0250 secondshbase(main):040:0> stu.get '2016111',{COLUMN=>'basic_info:connect',TIMESTAMP=>1478006935108}COLUMN CELL basic_info:connect timestamp=1478006935108, value=13911111111 1 row(s) in 0.0800 seconds5.全表扫描
hbase(main):041:0> stu.scanROW COLUMN+CELL 2016111 column=basic_info:address, timestamp=1478006969468, value= SiChuan-Chengdu 2016111 column=basic_info:birthday, timestamp=1478006906499, value =1988-05-23 2016111 column=basic_info:connect, timestamp=1478019142670, value= Tel:13252367856 2016111 column=basic_info:gender, timestamp=1478006880018, value=m ale 2016111 column=basic_info:name, timestamp=1478006860715, value=Yan gMing 2016111 column=school_info:class, timestamp=1478007026804, value=c lass 1 grade 2 2016111 column=school_info:college, timestamp=1478007005614, value =ChengXing 2016111 column=school_info:object, timestamp=1478007066226, value= Software 1 row(s) in 0.0850 seconds6.删除某行键类的某列
hbase(main):005:0> stu.delete '2016111','basic_info:connect'0 row(s) in 0.4540 secondshbase(main):006:0> stu.get '2016111','basic_info'COLUMN CELL basic_info:address timestamp=1478006969468, value=SiChuan-Chengdu basic_info:birthday timestamp=1478006906499, value=1988-05-23 basic_info:gender timestamp=1478006880018, value=male basic_info:name timestamp=1478006860715, value=YangMing 4 row(s) in 0.1330 seconds7.以行键为单位，查询表有多少行
hbase(main):007:0> stu.count1 row(s) in 0.1070 seconds=> 18.清空整张表
hbase(main):008:0> truncate 'students'Truncating 'students' table (it may take a while): - Disabling table... - Dropping table... - Creating table...0 row(s) in 2.9440 seconds注意：
truncate 操作其实是先disable某张表，然后删除表，在根据表的结构重新创建同名称的表
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