SDWebImage源码解析
来源:互联网 发布:nba2k18球星捏脸数据 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/04/29 01:01
http://www.jianshu.com/p/c07df06c60be
在开发项目的过程中会用到很多第三方库,比如AFNetWorking,SDWebImage,FMDB等,但一直都没去好好的研究一下,最近刚好项目不是太紧,闲下来可以给自己充充电,先研究一下SDWebImage的底层实现,源码地址:SDWebImage
先介绍一下SDWebImage,我们使用较多的是它提供的UIImageView分类,支持从远程服务器下载并缓存图片。自从iOS5.0开始,NSURLCache也可以处理磁盘缓存,那么SDWebImage的优势在哪?首先NSURLCache是缓存原始数据(raw data)到磁盘或内存,因此每次使用的时候需要将原始数据转换成具体的对象,如UIImage等,这会导致额外的数据解析以及内存占用等,而SDWebImage则是缓存UIImage对象在内存,缓存在NSCache中,同时直接保存压缩过的图片到磁盘中;还有一个问题是当你第一次在UIImageView中使用image对象的时候,图片的解码是在主线程中运行的!而SDWebImage会强制将解码操作放到子线程中。下图是SDWebImage简单的类图关系:
下面从UIImageView的图片加载开始看起,Let's go!
首先我们在给UIImageView设置图片的时候会调用方法:
- (void)sd_setImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url placeholderImage:(UIImage *)placeholder;
其中url为远程图片的地址,而placeholder为预显示的图片。
其实还可以添加一些额外的参数,比如图片选项SDWebImageOptions
typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, SDWebImageOptions) { SDWebImageRetryFailed = 1 << 0,//下载失败了会再次尝试下载 WebImageLowPriority = 1 << 1,//当UIScrollView等正在滚动时,延迟下载图片(放置scrollView滚动卡) SDWebImageCacheMemoryOnly = 1 << 2,//只缓存到内存中 SDWebImageProgressiveDownload = 1 << 3,// 图片会边下边显示 SDWebImageRefreshCached = 1 << 4,//将硬盘缓存交给系统自带的NSURLCache去处理 SDWebImageContinueInBackground = 1 << 5,//后台下载 SDWebImageHandleCookies = 1 << 6,// 通过设置NSMutableURLRequest.HTTPShouldHandleCookies = YES来处理存储在NSHTTPCookieStore中的cookie SDWebImageAllowInvalidSSLCertificates = 1 << 7,// 允许不受信任的SSL证书。主要用于测试目的。 SDWebImageHighPriority = 1 << 8, SDWebImageDelayPlaceholder = 1 << 9, SDWebImageTransformAnimatedImage = 1 << 10,};
一般使用的是SDWebImageRetryFailed | SDWebImageLowPriority,下面看看具体的函数调用:
- (void)sd_setImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url placeholderImage:(UIImage *)placeholder options:(SDWebImageOptions)options progress:(SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock completed:(SDWebImageCompletionBlock)completedBlock { [self sd_cancelCurrentImageLoad];//取消正在下载的操作 objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &imageURLKey, url, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);//关联该view对应的图片URL /*...*/ if (url) { __weak UIImageView *wself = self;//防止retain cricle //由SDWebImageManager负责图片的获取 id <SDWebImageOperation> operation = [SDWebImageManager.sharedManager downloadImageWithURL:url options:options progress:progressBlock completed:^(UIImage *image, NSError *error, SDImageCacheType cacheType, BOOL finished, NSURL *imageURL) { /*获取图片到主线层显示*/ }]; [self sd_setImageLoadOperation:operation forKey:@"UIImageViewImageLoad"]; } }
可以看出图片是从服务端、内存或者硬盘获取是由SDWebImageManager管理的,这个类有几个重要的属性:
@property (strong, nonatomic, readwrite) SDImageCache imageCache;//负责管理cache,涉及内存缓存和硬盘保存@property (strong, nonatomic, readwrite) SDWebImageDownloader imageDownloader;//负责从网络下载图片@property (strong, nonatomic) NSMutableArray *runningOperations;//包含所有当前正在下载的操作对象
manager会根据URL先去imageCache中查找对应的图片,如果没有在使用downloader去下载,并在下载完成缓存图片到imageCache,接着看实现:
- (id <SDWebImageOperation>)downloadImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url options:(SDWebImageOptions)options progress:(SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock completed:(SDWebImageCompletionWithFinishedBlock)completedBlock { /*...*/ //根据URL生成对应的key,没有特殊处理为[url absoluteString]; NSString *key = [self cacheKeyForURL:url]; //去imageCache中寻找图片 operation.cacheOperation = [self.imageCache queryDiskCacheForKey:key done:^(UIImage *image, SDImageCacheType cacheType) { /*...*/ //如果图片没有找到,或者采用的SDWebImageRefreshCached选项,则从网络下载 if ((!image || options & SDWebImageRefreshCached) && (![self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(imageManager:shouldDownloadImageForURL:)] || [self.delegate imageManager:self shouldDownloadImageForURL:url])) { dispatch_main_sync_safe(^{ //如果图片找到了,但是采用的SDWebImageRefreshCached选项,通知获取到了图片,并再次从网络下载,使NSURLCache重新刷新 completedBlock(image, nil, cacheType, YES, url); }); } /*下载选项设置*/ //使用imageDownloader开启网络下载 id <SDWebImageOperation> subOperation = [self.imageDownloader downloadImageWithURL:url options:downloaderOptions progress:progressBlock completed:^(UIImage *downloadedImage, NSData *data, NSError *error, BOOL finished) { /*...*/ if (downloadedImage && finished) { //下载完成后,先将图片保存到imageCache中,然后主线程返回 [self.imageCache storeImage:downloadedImage recalculateFromImage:NO imageData:data forKey:key toDisk:cacheOnDisk]; } dispatch_main_sync_safe(^{ if (!weakOperation.isCancelled) { completedBlock(downloadedImage, nil, SDImageCacheTypeNone, finished, url); } }); } } /*...*/ } else if (image) { //在cache中找到图片了,直接返回 dispatch_main_sync_safe(^{ if (!weakOperation.isCancelled) { completedBlock(image, nil, cacheType, YES, url); } }); } }]; return operation;}
下面先看downloader从网络下载的过程,下载是放在NSOperationQueue中进行的,默认maxConcurrentOperationCount为6,timeout时间为15s:
- (id <SDWebImageOperation>)downloadImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url options:(SDWebImageDownloaderOptions)options progress:(SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock completed:(SDWebImageDownloaderCompletedBlock)completedBlock { __block SDWebImageDownloaderOperation *operation; __weak SDWebImageDownloader *wself = self; /*...*/ //防止NSURLCache和SDImageCache重复缓存 NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:url cachePolicy:(options & SDWebImageDownloaderUseNSURLCache ? NSURLRequestUseProtocolCachePolicy :NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalCacheData) timeoutInterval:timeoutInterval]; request.HTTPShouldHandleCookies = (options & SDWebImageDownloaderHandleCookies); request.HTTPShouldUsePipelining = YES; request.allHTTPHeaderFields = wself.HTTPHeaders;//设置http头部 //SDWebImageDownloaderOperation派生自NSOperation,负责图片下载工作 operation = [[SDWebImageDownloaderOperation alloc] initWithRequest:request options:options progress:^(NSInteger receivedSize, NSInteger expectedSize) {} completed:^(UIImage *image, NSData *data, NSError *error, BOOL finished) {} cancelled:^{}]; operation.shouldDecompressImages = wself.shouldDecompressImages;//是否需要解码 if (wself.username && wself.password) { operation.credential = [NSURLCredential credentialWithUser:wself.username password:wself.password persistence:NSURLCredentialPersistenceForSession]; } if (options & SDWebImageDownloaderHighPriority) { operation.queuePriority = NSOperationQueuePriorityHigh; } else if (options & SDWebImageDownloaderLowPriority) { operation.queuePriority = NSOperationQueuePriorityLow; } [wself.downloadQueue addOperation:operation]; if (wself.executionOrder == SDWebImageDownloaderLIFOExecutionOrder) { // 如果下载顺序是后面添加的先运行 [wself.lastAddedOperation addDependency:operation]; wself.lastAddedOperation = operation; } }]; return operation;}
SDWebImageDownloaderOperation派生自NSOperation,通过NSURLConnection进行图片的下载,为了确保能够处理下载的数据,需要在后台运行runloop:
- (void)start { /*...*/#if TARGET_OS_IPHONE && __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= __IPHONE_4_0 //开启后台下载 if ([self shouldContinueWhenAppEntersBackground]) { __weak __typeof__ (self) wself = self; self.backgroundTaskId = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] beginBackgroundTaskWithExpirationHandler:^{ __strong __typeof (wself) sself = wself; if (sself) { [sself cancel]; [[UIApplication sharedApplication] endBackgroundTask:sself.backgroundTaskId]; sself.backgroundTaskId = UIBackgroundTaskInvalid; } }]; }#endif self.executing = YES; self.connection = [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:self.request delegate:self startImmediately:NO]; } [self.connection start]; if (self.connection) { if (self.progressBlock) { self.progressBlock(0, NSURLResponseUnknownLength); } //在主线程发通知,这样也保证在主线程收到通知 dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:SDWebImageDownloadStartNotification object:self]; }); CFRunLoopRun();//在默认模式下运行当前runlooprun,直到调用CFRunLoopStop停止运行 if (!self.isFinished) { [self.connection cancel]; [self connection:self.connection didFailWithError:[NSError errorWithDomain:NSURLErrorDomain code:NSURLErrorTimedOut userInfo:@{NSURLErrorFailingURLErrorKey : self.request.URL}]]; } }#if TARGET_OS_IPHONE && __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= __IPHONE_4_0 if (self.backgroundTaskId != UIBackgroundTaskInvalid) { [[UIApplication sharedApplication] endBackgroundTask:self.backgroundTaskId]; self.backgroundTaskId = UIBackgroundTaskInvalid; }#endif}
下载过程中,在代理 - (void)connection:(NSURLConnection )connection didReceiveData:(NSData)data中将接收到的数据保存到NSMutableData中,[self.imageData appendData:data],下载完成后在该线程完成图片的解码,并在完成的completionBlock中进行imageCache的缓存:
- (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)aConnection { SDWebImageDownloaderCompletedBlock completionBlock = self.completedBlock; @synchronized(self) { CFRunLoopStop(CFRunLoopGetCurrent());//停止当前对runloop /*...*/ if (completionBlock) { /*...*/ UIImage *image = [UIImage sd_imageWithData:self.imageData]; NSString *key = [[SDWebImageManager sharedManager] cacheKeyForURL:self.request.URL]; image = [self scaledImageForKey:key image:image]; // Do not force decoding animated GIFs if (!image.images) { if (self.shouldDecompressImages) { image = [UIImage decodedImageWithImage:image];//图片解码 } } if (CGSizeEqualToSize(image.size, CGSizeZero)) { completionBlock(nil, nil, [NSError errorWithDomain:@"SDWebImageErrorDomain" code:0 userInfo:@{NSLocalizedDescriptionKey : @"Downloaded image has 0 pixels"}], YES); } else { completionBlock(image, self.imageData, nil, YES); } } } self.completionBlock = nil; [self done];}
后续的图片缓存可以参考:SDWebImage源码剖析(二)
原文链接:http://www.jianshu.com/p/c07df06c60be
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