62 & 63. Unique Paths I & II

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62. Unique Paths:

A robot is located at the top-left corner of a m x n grid (marked 'Start' in the diagram below).

The robot can only move either down or right at any point in time. The robot is trying to reach the bottom-right corner of the grid (marked 'Finish' in the diagram below).

How many possible unique paths are there?


  一个机器人在m*n网格的左上角,它只能向右或者向下走,问从左上角地起点到右下角地终点一共有多少条相异的路线。

  实际上可以将它看作一个排列组合问题,设R表示向右走,D表示向下走,那么题目就可以转化为,在n-1个R中插入m-1个D,一共有多少种结果。利用排列组合公式,得结果res为(此时设m<n):

  1. m > 1时, res = n(n+1)(n+2)……(n+m-2) / (m - 1)!

  2. m = 1时, res = 1

n<m时,只需将上述式子中的m和n互换。


  代码如下,乘除法同时进行的原因是防止溢出。【时间复杂度为O(min(m, n))】

class Solution {public:    int uniquePaths(int m, int n) {        long long res = 1;        int maxi = max(m, n);        int mini = min(m, n) - 1;        for (int i = 0; i < mini; i++){            res *= (maxi + i);            res /= (i + 1);        }        return res;    }};


63. Unique Paths II:

Follow up for "Unique Paths":

Now consider if some obstacles are added to the grids. How many unique paths would there be?

An obstacle and empty space is marked as 1 and 0 respectively in the grid.

For example,

There is one obstacle in the middle of a 3x3 grid as illustrated below.

[  [0,0,0],  [0,1,0],  [0,0,0]]

The total number of unique paths is 2.

Note: m and n will be at most 100.

  这题是基于上一题进行扩展而来,在上一题的基础上,添加了障碍物,这样排列组合的方法就不再适用,但因为机器人只能向右或向下走,那么就不存在回头路,用动态规划方法即可解题。

  设res[i][j]表示从起点(1, 1)到(i, j),相异路径的数量,因为机器人只能往右或往下走,那么状态转移方程为:

res[i][j] = res[i - 1][j] + res[i][j - 1]

即每个格子的res值等于其上面和左边格子res值的和。


  代码如下,首先在第一行上面和第一列左边添加了res值为0的边界,方便后续编程;然后按从左到右,从上到下对格子进行遍历,对那些不是障碍物的格子进行上述状态转移计算;最终返回res[m][n]。【时间复杂度为O(m * n)】

class Solution {public:int uniquePathsWithObstacles(vector<vector<int>>& obstacleGrid) {int m = obstacleGrid.size(), n = obstacleGrid[0].size();vector<vector<int>> res(m + 1, vector<int>(n + 1, 0));if (obstacleGrid[0][0] == 0) res[1][1] = 1;for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) {for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {if (i == 1 && j == 1) continue;if (obstacleGrid[i - 1][j - 1] == 0) {res[i][j] = res[i - 1][j] + res[i][j - 1];}}}return res[m][n];}};


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