搭建SSH框架

写在前面：

本博文是个人对SSH框架的学习和复习，若存在不足之处，望大家积极批评指正并加以谅解，同时希望对大家有所帮助。

一、文章概述

本文将完成一个展示员工列表的demo，通过该demo逐步完成SSH框架的搭建及功能的实现。本文的着重点为SSH框架的搭建过程，对于SSH框架的功能，如国际化等没有涉及。

二、SSH概述

SSH即  struts+spring+hibernate的一个集成框架，本文默认大家对struts、spring、hibernate的概述有一定的了解，在此不再进行说明。

三、搭建SSH框架项目

注： 

本项目搭建环境：eclipse Mars.2、Struts 2.3.30 、Hibernate 4.2.4 、Spring 4.0.0 、 jdk 1.6 、 tomcat 6.0 、 MySQL 5.6

项目结构总览：

1. 创建工程

在eclipse中创建动态web工程，工程名SSH_review

2. 加入jar包

jar包总览如下：

3.配置web.xml文件

在web.xml 文件中配置Struts2 的filter和Spring的监听器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"><display-name>SSH_review</display-name><filter><filter-name>struts2</filter-name><filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>struts2</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping><!-- 指定spring配置文件的位置 --><!-- needed for ContextLoaderListener --><context-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value></context-param><!-- 1.创建IOC容器的实例 2.将IOC容器的实例放入application域对象中 --><!-- Bootstraps the root web application context before servlet initialization --><listener><listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class></listener></web-app>

注： 

<param-value>中的文件

applicationContext.xml尚未创建，稍后会进行创建，注意命名要一致。

4.创建包

5. 创建hibernate的配置文件

在类路径下创建

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN""http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"><hibernate-configuration>    <session-factory>    <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>    <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>    <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</property>    <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>    </session-factory></hibernate-configuration>

6. 创建数据库连接的属性文件

jdbc.user=rootjdbc.password=1307094241jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localHost:3306/ssh_reviewjdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

（用户名、密码、数据库名自行更改）

7.创建Spring的配置文件

注：在类路径下创建，注意命名（见3.配置web.xml文件），命名空间加上bean、context、jdbc、tx。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.0.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd"><!-- 设置自动扫描的包 --><context:component-scan base-package="com.ssh.*"></context:component-scan><!-- 导入外部的属性文件 --><context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" /><!-- 配置数据源 --><bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"><property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}"></property><property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property><property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"></property><property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"></property></bean><!-- 配置sessionFactory实例 --><bean id="sessionFactoryBean"class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean"><property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /><property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /><property name="mappingLocations" value="classpath:com/ssh/entitys/*.hbm.xml"></property></bean><bean id="transactionManager"class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager"><property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactoryBean"></property></bean><!-- 开启基于注解的声明式事务 --><tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" /></beans>

8.创建实体类及其映射文件

Departments.java:

package com.ssh.entitys;public class Departments {private Integer id;private String name;public Integer getId() {return id;}public void setId(Integer id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Departments [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";}public Departments(Integer id, String name) {super();this.id = id;this.name = name;}public Departments() {super();// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub}}

Employees.java:

package com.ssh.entitys;import java.util.Date;public class Employees {private Integer id;private String name;private Date creatTime;private Departments departments;public Integer getId() {return id;}public void setId(Integer id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public Date getCreatTime() {return creatTime;}public void setCreatTime(Date creatTime) {this.creatTime = creatTime;}public Departments getDepartments() {return departments;}public void setDepartments(Departments departments) {this.departments = departments;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Employees [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", creatTime=" + creatTime + ", departments=" + departments+ "]";}public Employees(Integer id, String name, Date creatTime, Departments departments) {super();this.id = id;this.name = name;this.creatTime = creatTime;this.departments = departments;}public Employees() {super();// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub}}

Departments.hbm.xml:

<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN""http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"><!-- Generated 2016-11-7 23:28:57 by Hibernate Tools 3.5.0.Final --><hibernate-mapping>    <class name="com.ssh.entitys.Departments" table="DEPARTMENTS">        <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">            <column name="ID" />            <!-- 改为native -->            <generator class="native" />        </id>        <property name="name" type="java.lang.String">            <column name="NAME" />        </property>    </class></hibernate-mapping>

Employees.hbm.xml:

<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN""http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"><!-- Generated 2016-11-7 23:28:57 by Hibernate Tools 3.5.0.Final --><hibernate-mapping>    <class name="com.ssh.entitys.Employees" table="EMPLOYEES">        <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">            <column name="ID" />            <!-- 改为native -->            <generator class="native" />        </id>        <property name="name" type="java.lang.String">            <column name="NAME" />        </property>        <!-- type属性改为：timestamp -->        <property name="creatTime" type="timestamp">            <column name="CREATTIME" />        </property>        <many-to-one name="departments" class="com.ssh.entitys.Departments">            <column name="DEPARTMENTS" />        </many-to-one>    </class></hibernate-mapping>

9.创建Dao类

EmployeeDao：

package com.ssh.Dao;import java.util.List;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;import com.ssh.entitys.Employees;@Repositorypublic class EmployeeDao {@Autowiredprivate SessionFactory sessionFactory;/* * 获取当前线程上的session */public Session getSession(){return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();}/* * 获取所有员工 */public List<Employees> getEmployees(){String hql = "from Employees e left outer join fetch e.departments";return getSession().createQuery(hql).list();}}

10. 创建service类

EmployeeService：

package com.ssh.service;import java.util.List;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;import com.ssh.Dao.EmployeeDao;import com.ssh.entitys.Employees;@Servicepublic class EmployeeService {@Autowiredprivate EmployeeDao employeeDao;@Transactionalpublic List<Employees> getEmployees(){return employeeDao.getEmployees();}}

11.创建action类

EmployeeAction：

package com.ssh.action;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RequestAware;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;import com.ssh.entitys.Employees;import com.ssh.service.EmployeeService;@Controller@Scope(value="prototype")public class EmployeeAction extends ActionSupport implements RequestAware{/** *  */private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;@Autowiredprivate EmployeeService employeeService;public String showEmployees(){List<Employees> employees = employeeService.getEmployees();request.put("employeeList", employees);return "success";}private Map<String, Object> request;@Overridepublic void setRequest(Map<String, Object> arg0) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubthis.request = arg0;}}

12.创建Struts2的配置文件

可在struts-2.3.30\src\apps\blank\src\main\resources路径下复制struts.xml，删减无用部分。

struts.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN""http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"><struts>    <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false" />    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default"><action name="show" class="employeeAction" method="showEmployees"><result name="success">WEB-INF/show.jsp</result></action>            </package>    </struts>

13.jsp页面

show.jsp：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!-- 加入Struts的核心标签库 下面的s:iterator用到 --><%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>员工列表</title><style type="text/css"></style></head><body><table align="center" border="1px"><tr><td>编号</td><td>姓名</td><td>入职时间</td><td>部门</td></tr><s:iterator value="#request.employeeList"><tr><td>${id }</td><td>${name }</td><td>${creatTime }</td><td>${departments.name }</td></tr></s:iterator></table></body></html>

14. 运行结果

四、总结

感觉格式有些乱，以后会改进，望大家谅解。文章难免会有所纰漏和不足，望大家积极指正。