Pillow学习之Image类（一）

时间不早了，上个类的解释文档吧

>>> from PIL import Image
>>> im = Image.open(‘1.jpg’)
>>> help(im)
Help on JpegImageFile in module PIL.JpegImagePlugin object:

class JpegImageFile(PIL.ImageFile.ImageFile)
| Base class for image file format handlers.
|
| Method resolution order:
| JpegImageFile
| PIL.ImageFile.ImageFile
| PIL.Image.Image
| builtins.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| draft(self, mode, size)
| Set draft mode
|
| load_djpeg(self)
|
| ———————————————————————-
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| format = ‘JPEG’
|
| format_description = ‘JPEG (ISO 10918)’
|
| ———————————————————————-
| Methods inherited from PIL.ImageFile.ImageFile:
|
| init(self, fp=None, filename=None)
| Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
|
| load(self)
| Load image data based on tile list
|
| load_end(self)
|
| load_prepare(self)
|
| verify(self)
| Check file integrity
|
| ———————————————————————-
| Methods inherited from PIL.Image.Image:
|
| copy = copy(self)
| Copies this image. Use this method if you wish to paste things
| into an image, but still retain the original.
|
| :rtype: :py:class:~PIL.Image.Image
| :returns: An :py:class:~PIL.Image.Image object.
|
| enter(self)
| # Context Manager Support
|
| eq(self, other)
| Return self==value.
|
| exit(self, *args)
|
| getstate(self)
|
| ne(self, other)
| Return self!=value.
|
| repr(self)
| Return repr(self).
|
| setstate(self, state)
|
| close(self)
| Closes the file pointer, if possible.
|
| This operation will destroy the image core and release its memory.
| The image data will be unusable afterward.
|
| This function is only required to close images that have not
| had their file read and closed by the
| :py:meth:~PIL.Image.Image.load method.
|
| convert(self, mode=None, matrix=None, dither=None, palette=0, colors=256)
| Returns a converted copy of this image. For the “P” mode, this
| method translates pixels through the palette. If mode is
| omitted, a mode is chosen so that all information in the image
| and the palette can be represented without a palette.
|
| The current version supports all possible conversions between
| “L”, “RGB” and “CMYK.” The matrix argument only supports “L”
| and “RGB”.
|
| When translating a color image to black and white (mode “L”),
| the library uses the ITU-R 601-2 luma transform::
|
| L = R * 299/1000 + G * 587/1000 + B * 114/1000
|
| The default method of converting a greyscale (“L”) or “RGB”
| image into a bilevel (mode “1”) image uses Floyd-Steinberg
| dither to approximate the original image luminosity levels. If
| dither is NONE, all non-zero values are set to 255 (white). To
| use other thresholds, use the :py:meth:~PIL.Image.Image.point
| method.
|
| :param mode: The requested mode. See: :ref:concept-modes.
| :param matrix: An optional conversion matrix. If given, this
| should be 4- or 12-tuple containing floating point values.
| :param dither: Dithering method, used when converting from
| mode “RGB” to “P” or from “RGB” or “L” to “1”.
| Available methods are NONE or FLOYDSTEINBERG (default).
| :param palette: Palette to use when converting from mode “RGB”
| to “P”. Available palettes are WEB or ADAPTIVE.
| :param colors: Number of colors to use for the ADAPTIVE palette.
| Defaults to 256.
| :rtype: :py:class:~PIL.Image.Image
| :returns: An :py:class:~PIL.Image.Image object.
|
| copy(self)
| Copies this image. Use this method if you wish to paste things
| into an image, but still retain the original.
|
| :rtype: :py:class:~PIL.Image.Image
| :returns: An :py:class:~PIL.Image.Image object.
|
| crop(self, box=None)
| Returns a rectangular region from this image. The box is a
| 4-tuple defining the left, upper, right, and lower pixel
| coordinate.
|
| Note: Prior to Pillow 3.4.0, this was a lazy operation.
|
| :param box: The crop rectangle, as a (left, upper, right, lower)-tuple.
| :rtype: :py:class:~PIL.Image.Image
| :returns: An :py:class:~PIL.Image.Image object.
|
| effect_spread(self, distance)
| Randomly spread pixels in an image.
|
| :param distance: Distance to spread pixels.
|
| filter(self, filter)
| Filters this image using the given filter. For a list of
| available filters, see the :py:mod:~PIL.ImageFilter module.
|
| :param filter: Filter kernel.
| :returns: An :py:class:~PIL.Image.Image object.
|
| frombytes(self, data, decoder_name=’raw’, *args)
| Loads this image with pixel data from a bytes object.
|
| This method is similar to the :py:func:~PIL.Image.frombytes function,
| but loads data into this image instead of creating a new image object.
|
| fromstring(self, *args, **kw)
|
| getbands(self)
| Returns a tuple containing the name of each band in this image.
| For example, getbands on an RGB image returns (“R”, “G”, “B”).
|
| :returns: A tuple containing band names.
| :rtype: tuple
|
| getbbox(self)
| Calculates the bounding box of the non-zero regions in the
| image.
|
| :returns: The bounding box is returned as a 4-tuple defining the
| left, upper, right, and lower pixel coordinate. If the image
| is completely empty, this method returns None.
|
| getcolors(self, maxcolors=256)
| Returns a list of colors used in this image.
|
| :param maxcolors: Maximum number of colors. If this number is
| exceeded, this method returns None. The default limit is
| 256 colors.
| :returns: An unsorted list of (count, pixel) values.
|
| getdata(self, band=None)
| Returns the contents of this image as a sequence object
| containing pixel values. The sequence object is flattened, so
| that values for line one follow directly after the values of
| line zero, and so on.
|
| Note that the sequence object returned by this method is an
| internal PIL data type, which only supports certain sequence
| operations. To convert it to an ordinary sequence (e.g. for
| printing), use list(im.getdata()).
|
| :param band: What band to return. The default is to return
| all bands. To return a single band, pass in the index
| value (e.g. 0 to get the “R” band from an “RGB” image).
| :returns: A sequence-like object.
|
| getextrema(self)
| Gets the the minimum and maximum pixel values for each band in
| the image.
|
| :returns: For a single-band image, a 2-tuple containing the
| minimum and maximum pixel value. For a multi-band image,
| a tuple containing one 2-tuple for each band.
|
| getim(self)
| Returns a capsule that points to the internal image memory.
|
| :returns: A capsule object.
|
| getpalette(self)
| Returns the image palette as a list.
|
| :returns: A list of color values [r, g, b, …], or None if the
| image has no palette.
|
| getpixel(self, xy)
| Returns the pixel value at a given position.
|
| :param xy: The coordinate, given as (x, y).
| :returns: The pixel value. If the image is a multi-layer image,
| this method returns a tuple.
|
| getprojection(self)
| Get projection to x and y axes
|
| :returns: Two sequences, indicating where there are non-zero
| pixels along the X-axis and the Y-axis, respectively.
|
| histogram(self, mask=None, extrema=None)
| Returns a histogram for the image. The histogram is returned as
| a list of pixel counts, one for each pixel value in the source
| image. If the image has more than one band, the histograms for
| all bands are concatenated (for example, the histogram for an
| “RGB” image contains 768 values).
|
| A bilevel image (mode “1”) is treated as a greyscale (“L”) image
| by this method.
|
| If a mask is provided, the method returns a histogram for those
| parts of the image where the mask image is non-zero. The mask
| image must have the same size as the image, and be either a
| bi-level image (mode “1”) or a greyscale image (“L”).
|
| :param mask: An optional mask.
| :returns: A list containing pixel counts.
|
| offset(self, xoffset, yoffset=None)
|
| paste(self, im, box=None, mask=None)
| Pastes another image into this image. The box argument is either
| a 2-tuple giving the upper left corner, a 4-tuple defining the
| left, upper, right, and lower pixel coordinate, or None (same as
| (0, 0)). If a 4-tuple is given, the size of the pasted image
| must match the size of the region.
|
| If the modes don’t match, the pasted image is converted to the mode of
| this image (see the :py:meth:~PIL.Image.Image.convert method for
| details).
|
| Instead of an image, the source can be a integer or tuple
| containing pixel values. The method then fills the region
| with the given color. When creating RGB images, you can
| also use color strings as supported by the ImageColor module.
|
| If a mask is given, this method updates only the regions
| indicated by the mask. You can use either “1”, “L” or “RGBA”
| images (in the latter case, the alpha band is used as mask).
| Where the mask is 255, the given image is copied as is. Where
| the mask is 0, the current value is preserved. Intermediate
| values will mix the two images together, including their alpha
| channels if they have them.
|
| See :py:meth:~PIL.Image.Image.alpha_composite if you want to
| combine images with respect to their alpha channels.
|
| :param im: Source image or pixel value (integer or tuple).
| :param box: An optional 4-tuple giving the region to paste into.
| If a 2-tuple is used instead, it’s treated as the upper left
| corner. If omitted or None, the source is pasted into the
| upper left corner.
|
| If an image is given as the second argument and there is no
| third, the box defaults to (0, 0), and the second argument
| is interpreted as a mask image.
| :param mask: An optional mask image.
|
| point(self, lut, mode=None)
| Maps this image through a lookup table or function.
|
| :param lut: A lookup table, containing 256 (or 65336 if
| self.mode==”I” and mode == “L”) values per band in the
| image. A function can be used instead, it should take a
| single argument. The function is called once for each
| possible pixel value, and the resulting table is applied to
| all bands of the image.
| :param mode: Output mode (default is same as input). In the
| current version, this can only be used if the source image
| has mode “L” or “P”, and the output has mode “1” or the
| source image mode is “I” and the output mode is “L”.
| :returns: An :py:class:~PIL.Image.Image object.
|
| putalpha(self, alpha)
| Adds or replaces the alpha layer in this image. If the image
| does not have an alpha layer, it’s converted to “LA” or “RGBA”.
| The new layer must be either “L” or “1”.
|
| :param alpha: The new alpha layer. This can either be an “L” or “1”
| image having the same size as this image, or an integer or
| other color value.
|
| putdata(self, data, scale=1.0, offset=0.0)
| Copies pixel data to this image. This method copies data from a
| sequence object into the image, starting at the upper left
| corner (0, 0), and continuing until either the image or the
| sequence ends. The scale and offset values are used to adjust
| the sequence values: pixel = value*scale + offset.
|
| :param data: A sequence object.
| :param scale: An optional scale value. The default is 1.0.
| :param offset: An optional offset value. The default is 0.0.
|
| putpalette(self, data, rawmode=’RGB’)
| Attaches a palette to this image. The image must be a “P” or
| “L” image, and the palette sequence must contain 768 integer
| values, where each group of three values represent the red,
| green, and blue values for the corresponding pixel
| index. Instead of an integer sequence, you can use an 8-bit
| string.
|
| :param data: A palette sequence (either a list or a string).
|
| putpixel(self, xy, value)
| Modifies the pixel at the given position. The color is given as
| a single numerical value for single-band images, and a tuple for
| multi-band images.
|
| Note that this method is relatively slow. For more extensive changes,
| use :py:meth:~PIL.Image.Image.paste or the :py:mod:~PIL.ImageDraw
| module instead.
|
| See:
|
| * :py:meth:~PIL.Image.Image.paste
| * :py:meth:~PIL.Image.Image.putdata
| * :py:mod:~PIL.ImageDraw
|
| :param xy: The pixel coordinate, given as (x, y).
| :param value: The pixel value.
|
| quantize(self, colors=256, method=None, kmeans=0, palette=None)
| Convert the image to ‘P’ mode with the specified number
| of colors.
|
| :param colors: The desired number of colors, <= 256
| :param method: 0 = median cut
| 1 = maximum coverage
| 2 = fast octree
| 3 = libimagequant
| :param kmeans: Integer
| :param palette: Quantize to the :py:class:PIL.ImagingPalette palette.
| :returns: A new image
|
| resize(self, size, resample=0)
| Returns a resized copy of this image.
|
| :param size: The requested size in pixels, as a 2-tuple:
| (width, height).
| :param resample: An optional resampling filter. This can be
| one of :py:attr:PIL.Image.NEAREST, :py:attr:PIL.Image.BOX,
| :py:attr:PIL.Image.BILINEAR, :py:attr:PIL.Image.HAMMING,
| :py:attr:PIL.Image.BICUBIC or :py:attr:PIL.Image.LANCZOS.
| If omitted, or if the image has mode “1” or “P”, it is
| set :py:attr:PIL.Image.NEAREST.
| See: :ref:concept-filters.
| :returns: An :py:class:~PIL.Image.Image object.
|
| rotate(self, angle, resample=0, expand=0)
| Returns a rotated copy of this image. This method returns a
| copy of this image, rotated the given number of degrees counter
| clockwise around its centre.
|
| :param angle: In degrees counter clockwise.
| :param resample: An optional resampling filter. This can be
| one of :py:attr:PIL.Image.NEAREST (use nearest neighbour),
| :py:attr:PIL.Image.BILINEAR (linear interpolation in a 2x2
| environment), or :py:attr:PIL.Image.BICUBIC
| (cubic spline interpolation in a 4x4 environment).
| If omitted, or if the image has mode “1” or “P”, it is
| set :py:attr:PIL.Image.NEAREST. See :ref:concept-filters.
| :param expand: Optional expansion flag. If true, expands the output
| image to make it large enough to hold the entire rotated image.
| If false or omitted, make the output image the same size as the
| input image.
| :returns: An :py:class:~PIL.Image.Image object.
|
| save(self, fp, format=None, **params)
| Saves this image under the given filename. If no format is
| specified, the format to use is determined from the filename
| extension, if possible.
|
| Keyword options can be used to provide additional instructions
| to the writer. If a writer doesn’t recognise an option, it is
| silently ignored. The available options are described in the
| :doc:image format documentation
| <../handbook/image-file-formats> for each writer.
|
| You can use a file object instead of a filename. In this case,
| you must always specify the format. The file object must
| implement the seek, tell, and write
| methods, and be opened in binary mode.
|
| :param fp: A filename (string), pathlib.Path object or file object.
| :param format: Optional format override. If omitted, the
| format to use is determined from the filename extension.
| If a file object was used instead of a filename, this
| parameter should always be used.
| :param options: Extra parameters to the image writer.
| :returns: None
| :exception KeyError: If the output format could not be determined
| from the file name. Use the format option to solve this.
| :exception IOError: If the file could not be written. The file
| may have been created, and may contain partial data.
|
| seek(self, frame)
| Seeks to the given frame in this sequence file. If you seek
| beyond the end of the sequence, the method raises an
| EOFError exception. When a sequence file is opened, the
| library automatically seeks to frame 0.
|
| Note that in the current version of the library, most sequence
| formats only allows you to seek to the next frame.
|
| See :py:meth:~PIL.Image.Image.tell.
|
| :param frame: Frame number, starting at 0.
| :exception EOFError: If the call attempts to seek beyond the end
| of the sequence.
|
| show(self, title=None, command=None)
| Displays this image. This method is mainly intended for
| debugging purposes.
|
| On Unix platforms, this method saves the image to a temporary
| PPM file, and calls either the xv utility or the display
| utility, depending on which one can be found.
|
| On macOS, this method saves the image to a temporary BMP file, and opens
| it with the native Preview application.
|
| On Windows, it saves the image to a temporary BMP file, and uses
| the standard BMP display utility to show it (usually Paint).
|
| :param title: Optional title to use for the image window,
| where possible.
| :param command: command used to show the image
|
| split(self)
| Split this image into individual bands. This method returns a
| tuple of individual image bands from an image. For example,
| splitting an “RGB” image creates three new images each
| containing a copy of one of the original bands (red, green,
| blue).
|
| :returns: A tuple containing bands.
|
| tell(self)
| Returns the current frame number. See :py:meth:~PIL.Image.Image.seek.
|
| :returns: Frame number, starting with 0.
|
| thumbnail(self, size, resample=3)
| Make this image into a thumbnail. This method modifies the
| image to contain a thumbnail version of itself, no larger than
| the given size. This method calculates an appropriate thumbnail
| size to preserve the aspect of the image, calls the
| :py:meth:~PIL.Image.Image.draft method to configure the file reader
| (where applicable), and finally resizes the image.
|
| Note that this function modifies the :py:class:~PIL.Image.Image
| object in place. If you need to use the full resolution image as well,
| apply this method to a :py:meth:~PIL.Image.Image.copy of the original
| image.
|
| :param size: Requested size.
| :param resample: Optional resampling filter. This can be one
| of :py:attr:PIL.Image.NEAREST, :py:attr:PIL.Image.BILINEAR,
| :py:attr:PIL.Image.BICUBIC, or :py:attr:PIL.Image.LANCZOS.
| If omitted, it defaults to :py:attr:PIL.Image.BICUBIC.
| (was :py:attr:PIL.Image.NEAREST prior to version 2.5.0)
| :returns: None
|
| tobitmap(self, name=’image’)
| Returns the image converted to an X11 bitmap.
|
| .. note:: This method only works for mode “1” images.
|
| :param name: The name prefix to use for the bitmap variables.
| :returns: A string containing an X11 bitmap.
| :raises ValueError: If the mode is not “1”
|
| tobytes(self, encoder_name=’raw’, *args)
| Return image as a bytes object.
|
| .. warning::
|
| This method returns the raw image data from the internal
| storage. For compressed image data (e.g. PNG, JPEG) use
| :meth:~.save, with a BytesIO parameter for in-memory
| data.
|
| :param encoder_name: What encoder to use. The default is to
| use the standard “raw” encoder.
| :param args: Extra arguments to the encoder.
| :rtype: A bytes object.
|
| toqimage(self)
| Returns a QImage copy of this image
|
| toqpixmap(self)
| Returns a QPixmap copy of this image
|
| tostring(self, *args, **kw)
|
| transform(self, size, method, data=None, resample=0, fill=1)
| Transforms this image. This method creates a new image with the
| given size, and the same mode as the original, and copies data
| to the new image using the given transform.
|
| :param size: The output size.
| :param method: The transformation method. This is one of
| :py:attr:PIL.Image.EXTENT (cut out a rectangular subregion),
| :py:attr:PIL.Image.AFFINE (affine transform),
| :py:attr:PIL.Image.PERSPECTIVE (perspective transform),
| :py:attr:PIL.Image.QUAD (map a quadrilateral to a rectangle), or
| :py:attr:PIL.Image.MESH (map a number of source quadrilaterals
| in one operation).
| :param data: Extra data to the transformation method.
| :param resample: Optional resampling filter. It can be one of
| :py:attr:PIL.Image.NEAREST (use nearest neighbour),
| :py:attr:PIL.Image.BILINEAR (linear interpolation in a 2x2
| environment), or :py:attr:PIL.Image.BICUBIC (cubic spline
| interpolation in a 4x4 environment). If omitted, or if the image
| has mode “1” or “P”, it is set to :py:attr:PIL.Image.NEAREST.
| :returns: An :py:class:~PIL.Image.Image object.
|
| transpose(self, method)
| Transpose image (flip or rotate in 90 degree steps)
|
| :param method: One of :py:attr:PIL.Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT,
| :py:attr:PIL.Image.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM, :py:attr:PIL.Image.ROTATE_90,
| :py:attr:PIL.Image.ROTATE_180, :py:attr:PIL.Image.ROTATE_270 or
| :py:attr:PIL.Image.TRANSPOSE.
| :returns: Returns a flipped or rotated copy of this image.
|
| ———————————————————————-
| Data descriptors inherited from PIL.Image.Image:
|
| array_interface
|
| dict
| dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
|
| weakref
| list of weak references to the object (if defined)
|
| height
|
| width
|
| ———————————————————————-
| Data and other attributes inherited from PIL.Image.Image:
|
| hash = None