Scala比Java更面向对象的一个方面是Scala没有静态成员。替代品是，Scala有单例对象：singleton object。
当单例对象与某个类共享同一个名称时，他被称作是这个类的伴生对象：companion object。你必须在同一个源文件里定义类和它的伴生对象。类被称为是这个单例对象的伴生类：companion class。类和它的伴生对象可以互相访问其私有成员。
定义单例对象不是定义类型（在Scala的抽象层次上说）
类和单例对象间的一个差别是，单例对象不带参数，而类可以。因为你不能用new关键字实例化一个单例对象，你没机会传递给它参数。每个单例对象都被作为由一个静态变量指向的虚构类：synthetic class的一个实例来实现，因此它们与Java静态类有着相同的初始化语法。Scala程序特别要指出的是，单例对象会在第一次被访问的时候初始化。
Scala 的apply 有2 张形式，一种是 伴生对象的apply ，一种是 伴生类中的apply，下面展示这2中的apply的使用。
示例代码：
<code class="hljs scala has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">ApplyOperation</span> {</span>}<span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">ApplyTest</span>{</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">def</span> apply() = println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"I am into spark so much!!!"</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">def</span> haveATry: Unit ={ println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"have a try on apply"</span>) }}<span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">object</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">ApplyTest</span>{</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">def</span> apply() = { println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"I am into Scala so much"</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> ApplyTest }}<span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">object</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">ApplyOperation</span>{</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">def</span> main (args: Array[String]) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">val</span> array= Array(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">val</span> a = ApplyTest() <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//这里就是使用object 的使用</span> a.haveATry a() <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 这里就是 class 中 apply使用</span> }}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li></ul>运行结果
I am into Scala so much
have a try on apply
I am into Spark so much!!!
object apply 是一种比较普遍用法。 主要用来解决复杂对象的初始化问题。同时也是单例
