编程通过WMI获取系统信息

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要了解WMI，请查阅：

http://www.microsoft.com/china/technet/community/scriptcenter/resources/wmifaq.mspx#EJC 。

WMI是一组COM对象，其接口比较多，详细请参考：

http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/wmisdk/wmi/com_api_for_wmi.asp

WMI的使用平台包括：NT sp4/2000/XP/2003，98可能需要另外安装。一些软件，如优化大师，就是通过该技术获取到本机所有硬件信息。

MSDN上有使用范例：

http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/wmisdk/wmi/example__getting_wmi_data_from_the_local_computer.asp

要获取硬件信息的步骤：

1、所需头文件，库

#include <wbemidl.h>

#include <Wbemcli.h>

#pragma comment(lib,"Wbemuuid.lib")

2、初始化 COM 接口:

访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。

3、获取访问 WMI 权限:

CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT,

RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);

如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。

4、通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:

我整理的完整代码：

LRESULT _getWmiInfo(IWbemClassObject *pClassObject)

{

SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;

if( pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS |

WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK )

{

long vbl, vbu;

SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);

SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);

for(long i = vbl ; i<= vbu; i++ )

{

long index = i ;

WCHAR *wsName = NULL ;

CComVariant varValue ;

SafeArrayGetElement( pvNames, &index , &wsName ) ;

CComBSTR bstrName ( wsName ) ;

if( pClassObject->Get( bstrName , 0 , &varValue , NULL , 0 ) == S_OK )

{

CString str ;

if( varValue.vt & VT_BSTR )

{

str = varValue.bstrVal ;

}

else if( varValue.vt & VT_ARRAY )

{

long iLowBound = 0 , iUpBound = 0 ;

SafeArrayGetLBound( varValue.parray , 1 , &iLowBound ) ;

SafeArrayGetUBound( varValue.parray , 1 , &iUpBound ) ;

for( long j = iLowBound ; j <= iUpBound ; j ++ )

{

VARIANT *pvar = NULL ;

long temp = j ;

if( SafeArrayGetElement( varValue.parray , &temp , pvar ) == S_OK &&

pvar )

{

CComVariant varTemp ;

if( varTemp.ChangeType( VT_BSTR , pvar ) == S_OK )

{

if( !str.IsEmpty() )

str += _T(",") ;

str += varTemp.bstrVal ;

}

else

{

if( varValue.ChangeType( VT_BSTR ) == S_OK )

str = varValue.bstrVal ;

}

// 打印出硬件信息

TRACE( "%s=%s/n" , CString(bstrName) , str ) ;

}

if(pvNames)

{

SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);

return S_OK ;

}

return E_FAIL ;

}

HRESULT GetWmiInfo( LPCTSTR lpszClass )

{

CoInitialize(NULL);

// 获取访问 WMI 权限

if( CoInitializeSecurity( NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT,

RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE,NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0 )

== S_OK )

{

// 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息

CComPtr<IWbemLocator> spWbemLocator ;

if( spWbemLocator.CoCreateInstance( CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator , 0 ,

CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|

CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER ) == S_OK )

{

CComPtr<IWbemServices> spWbemServices ;

if( spWbemLocator->ConnectServer( L"root//cimv2" , NULL, NULL, NULL, 0,

NULL, NULL, &spWbemServices ) == S_OK )

{

// 检索指定信息

USES_CONVERSION ;

CComPtr<IEnumWbemClassObject> spEnumWbemClassObject ;

CComBSTR bstrQuery ( L"Select * from " ) ;

bstrQuery += T2OLE(lpszClass) ;

if( spWbemServices->ExecQuery( L"WQL" , bstrQuery ,

WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY ,

NULL, &spEnumWbemClassObject ) == S_OK )

{

ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;

CComPtr<IWbemClassObject> spClassObject ;

if( spEnumWbemClassObject->Reset() == S_OK )

{

int iEnumIdx = 0;

while( spEnumWbemClassObject->Next( WBEM_INFINITE,

uCount, &spClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK )

{

_getWmiInfo( spClassObject ) ;

spClassObject.Release() ;

}

CoUninitialize();

}

以上代码参考自http://www.cppfans.com/articles/system/bcb_wmi.asp ，先向此文作者表示感谢。代码中在读取硬件信息并转换成字符串的方式可能有不妥之处（即红色字体的代码），你可以根据需要自行修改，如果有好的写法欢迎向我发邮件。

上面有两个函数: _getWmiInfo 和GetWmiInfo ，前者由后者调用，只是为了缩减后者的代码量。后者的参数是你要获取的硬件信息，有效的值有：

Win32_1394Controller

Win32_BaseBoard

Win32_Battery

Win32_BIOS

Win32_Bus

Win32_CacheMemory

Win32_CDROMDrive

Win32_CurrentProbe

Win32_DesktopMonitor

Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress

Win32_DiskDrive

Win32_DisplayConfiguration

Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration

Win32_DMAChannel

Win32_Fan

Win32_FloppyController

Win32_FloppyDrive

Win32_HeatPipe

Win32_IDEController

Win32_InfraredDevice

Win32_IRQResource

Win32_Keyboard

Win32_MemoryArray

Win32_MemoryDevice

Win32_MotherboardDevice

Win32_NetworkAdapter

Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration

Win32_OnBoardDevice

Win32_ParallelPort

Win32_PCMCIAController

Win32_PhysicalMemory

Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray

Win32_PnPEntity

Win32_PointingDevice

Win32_PortableBattery

Win32_PortConnector

Win32_PortResource

Win32_POTSModem

Win32_PowerManagementEvent

Win32_Printer

Win32_PrinterConfiguration

Win32_PrintJob

Win32_Processor

Win32_Refrigeration

Win32_SerialPort

Win32_SerialPortConfiguration

Win32_SMBIOSMemory

Win32_SoundDevice

Win32_SystemEnclosure

Win32_SystemMemoryResource

Win32_SystemSlot

Win32_TapeDrive

Win32_TemperatureProbe

Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply

Win32_USBController

Win32_VideoConfiguration

Win32_VideoController

Win32_VoltageProbe

最后是我写的例子，只打印了CPU、主板和硬盘三种硬件信息。例子下载