Django - 与 Mysql 结合的 基本配置操作 并实现查询功能

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1. 创建数据库

使用mysql 之前首先使用anaconda安装 pymysql

命令如下:

conda install pymysql

如果没有mysql,先 安装mysql 哈

(1)登陆 root

D:\test\mysite>mysql -u root -pEnter password: ****Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 216Server version: 5.6.26-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql>

(2)创建数据库 : store

mysql> create database store;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || demo1              || mysql              || performance_schema || sakila             || store              || test               || world              |+--------------------+8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

(3)给 数据库 store 添加 数据库登陆用户 yuan

mysql> grant all on store.* to yuan@localhost identified by 'yuan';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> exitBye#测试使用新用户登陆D:\test\mysite>mysql -u yuan -pEnter password: ****Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

这样我们就建立了数据库名为 store ,登陆用户为 yuan 配置;


2. 新建 store app

使用下面命令新建名字为 store的 app模块

D:\test\mysite>python manage.py startapp store

新建成功后会在 pycharm上看见,查看store app的目录结构

D:\test\mysite>tree store /fFolder PATH listing for volume data-oneVolume serial number is 263B-D486D:\TEST\MYSITE\STORE│  admin.py│  apps.py│  models.py│  tests.py│  views.py│  __init__.py│└─migrations        __init__.py

配置 store

mysite/setting.py

每新建一个store,都需要在这里添加,比如说 testapp , store app .

INSTALLED_APPS = [    'django.contrib.admin',    'django.contrib.auth',    'django.contrib.contenttypes',    'django.contrib.sessions',    'django.contrib.messages',    'django.contrib.staticfiles',    'testapp',    'store', #添加store app]

3. 配置数据库信息与生成表

配置 连接信息

  1. mysite/setting.py

配置数据库信息,在项目配置文件下的setting.py下DATABASES进行配置 ,默认的是sqlite数据库,如下:

# Database# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/#databasesDATABASES = {    'default': {        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),    }}

实现mysql数据库连接,配置如下:

# Database# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/#databasesDATABASES = {    'default': {        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',        'NAME': 'store', #数据库名称        'USER': 'yuan', #连接用户名        'PASSWORD': 'yuan',#连接密码        'HOST': 'localhost',        'PORT': '3306'    }}

配置 pymysql

配置store目录的 __init__.py文件

store/__init__.py

配置如下:

import pymysqlpymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

生成数据表

使用下面命令: python manage.py migrate

D:\test\mysite>python manage.py migrateOperations to perform:  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessionsRunning migrations:  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK  Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK  Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK  Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

登陆查看

会生成 django 自带app的数据库表

mysql> use store;Database changedmysql> show tables;+----------------------------+| Tables_in_store            |+----------------------------+| auth_group                 || auth_group_permissions     || auth_permission            || auth_user                  || auth_user_groups           || auth_user_user_permissions || django_admin_log           || django_content_type        || django_migrations          || django_session             |+----------------------------+10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4. 实现查功能

需求:
商店:name , address
增 : 添加 商店信息
查 : 显示所有
删 : 删除商店信息

(1) 编辑 model.py

store/model.py

定义实体,对应数据表,如下定义:

from django.db import models# Create your models here.# 这里注意:需要继承 models.Model ,不然没办法生成表的哈class StoreInfomodels.Model):    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, default='') #name属性,字段    address = models.CharField(max_length=50, default="China") #address属性,字段    #此方法在print对象的时候,可以打印字符串,类似java中的toString()方法    def __str__(self):        return self.name + self.address

(2)生成数据库表

执行命令 python manage.py makemigrations :当model改变后,会创建一个新的model

然后执行python manage.py migrate : 应用到数据库

D:\test\mysite>python manage.py makemigrationsMigrations for 'store':  store\migrations\0001_initial.py:    - Create model StoreInfoD:\test\mysite>python manage.py migrateOperations to perform:  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions, storeRunning migrations:  Applying store.0001_initial... OK

查看所有表 :

mysql> use store;Database changedmysql> show tables;+----------------------------+| Tables_in_store            |+----------------------------+| auth_group                 || auth_group_permissions     || auth_permission            || auth_user                  || auth_user_groups           || auth_user_user_permissions || django_admin_log           || django_content_type        || django_migrations          || django_session             || store_storeinfo            |  #这里创建好的storeinfo表+----------------------------+11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看 storeinfo 表结构 : name字段和address**字段**

mysql> show columns from store_storeinfo;+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field   | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| id      | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment || name    | varchar(20) | NO   |     | NULL    |                || address | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+3 rows in set (0.02 sec)

这样数据表就建好了。


添加测试数据

在Terminal 中执行 ,下面命令 :

D:\test\mysite>python manage.py shellPython 3.5.2 |Anaconda 4.2.0 (64-bit)| (default, Jul  5 2016, 11:41:13) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)]Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.IPython 5.1.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.%quickref -> Quick reference.help      -> Python's own help system.object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.

添加数据:

In [1]: from store.models import StoreInfo #1.引入刚才创建的 ModelIn [2]: store_list=StoreInfo.objects.all() #2.查询操作In [3]: print(store_list) #3.打印查询结果<QuerySet []>In [4]: create=StoreInfo.objects.create(name='LMP',address="ShangHai") #4.添加数据操作In [5]: print(create)#5.打印添加后的返回值LMPShangHai

(2) 查询 操作 实现View.py

显示所有 商店信息 store/view.py

1)实现代码如下:

from django.http import HttpResponsefrom django.shortcuts import renderfrom store.models import StoreInfo# Create your views here.# 查下store全部信息 def select_store_list(request):    store_list = StoreInfo.objects.all() #查询所有的信息    print(type(store_list), store_list)  #打印结果类型与结果值    return render(request, "store_list.html", {"content": store_list}) #返回界面

上面将查寻结果在store_list.html中进行填充,见下文。

sotre_list.html 实现如下:

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <title>Store</title></head><body><table border="1">    <thead>    <tr>        <th>名称</th>        <th>地址</th>        <th>操作</th>    </tr>    </thead>    <tbody>    #这里是模板语言,for循环,最后需要 endfor    {% for foo in content %}        <tr>            <td>{{ foo.name }}</td>            <td>{{ foo.address }}</td>            <td></td>        </tr>    {% endfor %}    </tbody></table></body></html>

2)添加 templates 模板

上面代码中的 store_list.html 就属于html模板,在store app下新建 templates文件夹,来存放html模板,这时候的 store app结构如下:

D:\test\mysite>tree store /fFolder PATH listing for volume data-oneVolume serial number is 263B-D486D:\TEST\MYSITE\STORE│  admin.py│  apps.py│  models.py│  tests.py│  urls.py      #注意: 需要新建│  views.py│  __init__.py│├─migrations│  │  0001_initial.py│  │  __init__.py│  ││  └─__pycache__│          0001_initial.cpython-35.pyc│          __init__.cpython-35.pyc│├─templates #模板文件夹│      store_list.html │└─__pycache__        admin.cpython-35.pyc        models.cpython-35.pyc        urls.cpython-35.pyc        views.cpython-35.pyc        __init__.cpython-35.pyc

3)配置模板文件夹

mysite / setting.py

在项目配置文件夹下的setting.py进行配置,之前配置过 INSTALLED_APPSDATABASES ,现在配置的 TEMPLATES 。配置如下 :

TEMPLATES = [    {        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',        'DIRS': [            BASE_DIR + "/store/templates", #在这里进行配置,默认是空的list        ],        'APP_DIRS': True,        'OPTIONS': {            'context_processors': [                'django.template.context_processors.debug',                'django.template.context_processors.request',                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',            ],        },    },]

4)配置Urls

sotre/urls.py

新建urls.py文件,代码如下 :

from django.conf.urls import urlfrom store import viewsurlpatterns = [    url(r'^list$', views.select_store_list),]

5)配置 store app urls

mysite/urls.py

添加store app的 urls ,实现如下 :

urlpatterns = [    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),    url(r'^test/', include('testapp.urls')),    url(r'^store/', include('store.urls')), # store的urls]

6)运行 访问

直接 run OR python manage.py runserver 8080

这里写图片描述

这里写代码片

5. 总结

这里总结下 文中使用的命令。

conda 命令 :

conda install pymysql #安装pymysql , 注意在mysite/__init__.py中进行初始化

mysql 命令 :

#创建名为store的 数据库create database store; #给store数据库下的表添加一个拥有所有权限的用户名为yuan,密码为yuan的用户;grant all on store.* to yuan@localhost identified by 'yuan'; #显示store_storeinfo表的列信息show columns from store_storeinfo;

manage.py 相关 :

python manage.py startapp store #新建名为store的apppython manage.py shell #控制台,可以输入相关内容进行测试python manage.py makemigrations #当Model有变化的时候,执行这条命令重新生成 model相关文件python manage.py migrate #根据model,生成数据库表

下文实现添加和删除功能。

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