tensorflow将训练好的模型freeze,即将权重固化到图里面,并使用该模型进行预测

ML主要分为训练和预测两个阶段,此教程就是将训练好的模型freeze并保存下来.freeze的含义就是将该模型的图结构和该模型的权重固化到一起了.也即加载freeze的模型之后,立刻能够使用了。

下面使用一个简单的demo来详细解释该过程,

一、首先运行脚本tiny_model.py

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-import tensorflow as tfimport numpy as npwith tf.variable_scope('Placeholder'):    inputs_placeholder = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, name='inputs_placeholder', shape=[None, 10])    labels_placeholder = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, name='labels_placeholder', shape=[None, 1])with tf.variable_scope('NN'):    W1 = tf.get_variable('W1', shape=[10, 1], initializer=tf.random_normal_initializer(stddev=1e-1))    b1 = tf.get_variable('b1', shape=[1], initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.1))    W2 = tf.get_variable('W2', shape=[10, 1], initializer=tf.random_normal_initializer(stddev=1e-1))    b2 = tf.get_variable('b2', shape=[1], initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.1))    a = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(inputs_placeholder, W1) + b1)    a2 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(inputs_placeholder, W2) + b2)    y = tf.div(tf.add(a, a2), 2)with tf.variable_scope('Loss'):    loss = tf.reduce_sum(tf.square(y - labels_placeholder) / 2)with tf.variable_scope('Accuracy'):    predictions = tf.greater(y, 0.5, name="predictions")    correct_predictions = tf.equal(predictions, tf.cast(labels_placeholder, tf.bool), name="correct_predictions")    accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_predictions, tf.float32))adam = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=1e-3)train_op = adam.minimize(loss)# generate_datainputs = np.random.choice(10, size=[10000, 10])labels = (np.sum(inputs, axis=1) > 45).reshape(-1, 1).astype(np.float32)print('inputs.shape:', inputs.shape)print('labels.shape:', labels.shape)test_inputs = np.random.choice(10, size=[100, 10])test_labels = (np.sum(test_inputs, axis=1) > 45).reshape(-1, 1).astype(np.float32)print('test_inputs.shape:', test_inputs.shape)print('test_labels.shape:', test_labels.shape)batch_size = 32epochs = 10batches = []print("%d items in batch of %d gives us %d full batches and %d batches of %d items" % (    len(inputs),    batch_size,    len(inputs) // batch_size,    batch_size - len(inputs) // batch_size,    len(inputs) - (len(inputs) // batch_size) * 32))for i in range(len(inputs) // batch_size):    batch = [ inputs[batch_size*i:batch_size*i+batch_size], labels[batch_size*i:batch_size*i+batch_size] ]    batches.append(list(batch))if (i + 1) * batch_size < len(inputs):    batch = [ inputs[batch_size*(i + 1):],labels[batch_size*(i + 1):] ]    batches.append(list(batch))print("Number of batches: %d" % len(batches))print("Size of full batch: %d" % len(batches[0]))print("Size if final batch: %d" % len(batches[-1]))global_count = 0with tf.Session() as sess:#sv = tf.train.Supervisor()#with sv.managed_session() as sess:    sess.run(tf.initialize_all_variables())    for i in range(epochs):        for batch in batches:            # print(batch[0].shape, batch[1].shape)            train_loss , _= sess.run([loss, train_op], feed_dict={                inputs_placeholder: batch[0],                labels_placeholder: batch[1]            })            # print('train_loss: %d' % train_loss)            if global_count % 100 == 0:                acc = sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={                    inputs_placeholder: test_inputs,                    labels_placeholder: test_labels                })                print('accuracy: %f' % acc)            global_count += 1    acc = sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={        inputs_placeholder: test_inputs,        labels_placeholder: test_labels    })    print("final accuracy: %f" % acc)    #在session当中就要将模型进行保存    saver = tf.train.Saver()    last_chkp = saver.save(sess, 'results/graph.chkp')    #sv.saver.save(sess, 'results/graph.chkp')for op in tf.get_default_graph().get_operations():    print(op.name)

说明：saver.save必须在session里面,因为在session里面,整个图才是激活的,才能够将参数存进来,使用save之后能够得到如下的文件：

说明：

.data:存放的是权重参数

.meta:存放的是图和metadata,metadata是其他配置的数据

如果想将我们的模型固化，让别人能够使用，我们仅仅需要的是图和参数，metadata是不需要的

二、综合上述几个文件,生成可以使用的模型的步骤如下：

1、恢复我们保存的图

2、开启一个Session，然后载入该图要求的权重

3、删除对预测无关的metadata

4、将处理好的模型序列化之后保存

运行freeze.py

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-import os, argparseimport tensorflow as tffrom tensorflow.python.framework import graph_utildir = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))def freeze_graph(model_folder):    # We retrieve our checkpoint fullpath    checkpoint = tf.train.get_checkpoint_state(model_folder)    input_checkpoint = checkpoint.model_checkpoint_path        # We precise the file fullname of our freezed graph    absolute_model_folder = "/".join(input_checkpoint.split('/')[:-1])    output_graph = absolute_model_folder + "/frozen_model.pb"    # Before exporting our graph, we need to precise what is our output node    # this variables is plural, because you can have multiple output nodes    #freeze之前必须明确哪个是输出结点,也就是我们要得到推论结果的结点    #输出结点可以看我们模型的定义    #只有定义了输出结点,freeze才会把得到输出结点所必要的结点都保存下来,或者哪些结点可以丢弃    #所以,output_node_names必须根据不同的网络进行修改    output_node_names = "Accuracy/predictions"    # We clear the devices, to allow TensorFlow to control on the loading where it wants operations to be calculated    clear_devices = True        # We import the meta graph and retrive a Saver    saver = tf.train.import_meta_graph(input_checkpoint + '.meta', clear_devices=clear_devices)    # We retrieve the protobuf graph definition    graph = tf.get_default_graph()    input_graph_def = graph.as_graph_def()    #We start a session and restore the graph weights    #这边已经将训练好的参数加载进来,也即最后保存的模型是有图,并且图里面已经有参数了,所以才叫做是frozen    #相当于将参数已经固化在了图当中     with tf.Session() as sess:        saver.restore(sess, input_checkpoint)        # We use a built-in TF helper to export variables to constant        output_graph_def = graph_util.convert_variables_to_constants(            sess,             input_graph_def,             output_node_names.split(",") # We split on comma for convenience        )         # Finally we serialize and dump the output graph to the filesystem        with tf.gfile.GFile(output_graph, "wb") as f:            f.write(output_graph_def.SerializeToString())        print("%d ops in the final graph." % len(output_graph_def.node))if __name__ == '__main__':    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()    parser.add_argument("--model_folder", type=str, help="Model folder to export")    args = parser.parse_args()    freeze_graph(args.model_folder)

说明：对于freeze操作,我们需要定义输出结点的名字.因为网络其实是比较复杂的,定义了输出结点的名字,那么freeze的时候就只把输出该结点所需要的子图都固化下来,其他无关的就舍弃掉.因为我们freeze模型的目的是接下来做预测.所以,一般情况下,output_node_names就是我们预测的目标.

三、加载freeze后的模型,注意该模型已经是包含图和相应的参数了.所以,我们不需要再加载参数进来.也即该模型加载进来已经是可以使用了.

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-import argparse import tensorflow as tfdef load_graph(frozen_graph_filename):    # We parse the graph_def file    with tf.gfile.GFile(frozen_graph_filename, "rb") as f:        graph_def = tf.GraphDef()        graph_def.ParseFromString(f.read())    # We load the graph_def in the default graph    with tf.Graph().as_default() as graph:        tf.import_graph_def(            graph_def,             input_map=None,             return_elements=None,             name="prefix",             op_dict=None,             producer_op_list=None        )    return graphif __name__ == '__main__':    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()    parser.add_argument("--frozen_model_filename", default="results/frozen_model.pb", type=str, help="Frozen model file to import")    args = parser.parse_args()    #加载已经将参数固化后的图    graph = load_graph(args.frozen_model_filename)    # We can list operations    #op.values() gives you a list of tensors it produces    #op.name gives you the name    #输入,输出结点也是operation,所以,我们可以得到operation的名字    for op in graph.get_operations():        print(op.name,op.values())        # prefix/Placeholder/inputs_placeholder        # ...        # prefix/Accuracy/predictions    #操作有:prefix/Placeholder/inputs_placeholder    #操作有:prefix/Accuracy/predictions    #为了预测,我们需要找到我们需要feed的tensor,那么就需要该tensor的名字    #注意prefix/Placeholder/inputs_placeholder仅仅是操作的名字,prefix/Placeholder/inputs_placeholder:0才是tensor的名字    x = graph.get_tensor_by_name('prefix/Placeholder/inputs_placeholder:0')    y = graph.get_tensor_by_name('prefix/Accuracy/predictions:0')            with tf.Session(graph=graph) as sess:        y_out = sess.run(y, feed_dict={            x: [[3, 5, 7, 4, 5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]] # < 45        })        print(y_out) # [[ 0.]] Yay!    print ("finish")

说明：

1、在预测的过程中,当把freeze后的模型加载进来后,我们只需要定义好输入的tensor和目标tensor即可

2、在这里要注意一下tensor_name和ops_name,

注意prefix/Placeholder/inputs_placeholder仅仅是操作的名字,prefix/Placeholder/inputs_placeholder:0才是tensor的名字

x = graph.get_tensor_by_name('prefix/Placeholder/inputs_placeholder:0')一定要使用tensor的名字

3、要获取图中ops的名字和对应的tensor的名字,可用如下的代码：

    # We can list operations    #op.values() gives you a list of tensors it produces    #op.name gives you the name    #输入,输出结点也是operation,所以,我们可以得到operation的名字    for op in graph.get_operations():        print(op.name,op.values())

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上面是使用了Saver()来保存模型,也可以使用sv = tf.train.Supervisor()来保存模型

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-import tensorflow as tfimport numpy as npwith tf.variable_scope('Placeholder'):    inputs_placeholder = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, name='inputs_placeholder', shape=[None, 10])    labels_placeholder = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, name='labels_placeholder', shape=[None, 1])with tf.variable_scope('NN'):    W1 = tf.get_variable('W1', shape=[10, 1], initializer=tf.random_normal_initializer(stddev=1e-1))    b1 = tf.get_variable('b1', shape=[1], initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.1))    W2 = tf.get_variable('W2', shape=[10, 1], initializer=tf.random_normal_initializer(stddev=1e-1))    b2 = tf.get_variable('b2', shape=[1], initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.1))    a = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(inputs_placeholder, W1) + b1)    a2 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(inputs_placeholder, W2) + b2)    y = tf.div(tf.add(a, a2), 2)with tf.variable_scope('Loss'):    loss = tf.reduce_sum(tf.square(y - labels_placeholder) / 2)with tf.variable_scope('Accuracy'):    predictions = tf.greater(y, 0.5, name="predictions")    correct_predictions = tf.equal(predictions, tf.cast(labels_placeholder, tf.bool), name="correct_predictions")    accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_predictions, tf.float32))adam = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=1e-3)train_op = adam.minimize(loss)# generate_datainputs = np.random.choice(10, size=[10000, 10])labels = (np.sum(inputs, axis=1) > 45).reshape(-1, 1).astype(np.float32)print('inputs.shape:', inputs.shape)print('labels.shape:', labels.shape)test_inputs = np.random.choice(10, size=[100, 10])test_labels = (np.sum(test_inputs, axis=1) > 45).reshape(-1, 1).astype(np.float32)print('test_inputs.shape:', test_inputs.shape)print('test_labels.shape:', test_labels.shape)batch_size = 32epochs = 10batches = []print("%d items in batch of %d gives us %d full batches and %d batches of %d items" % (    len(inputs),    batch_size,    len(inputs) // batch_size,    batch_size - len(inputs) // batch_size,    len(inputs) - (len(inputs) // batch_size) * 32))for i in range(len(inputs) // batch_size):    batch = [ inputs[batch_size*i:batch_size*i+batch_size], labels[batch_size*i:batch_size*i+batch_size] ]    batches.append(list(batch))if (i + 1) * batch_size < len(inputs):    batch = [ inputs[batch_size*(i + 1):],labels[batch_size*(i + 1):] ]    batches.append(list(batch))print("Number of batches: %d" % len(batches))print("Size of full batch: %d" % len(batches[0]))print("Size if final batch: %d" % len(batches[-1]))global_count = 0#with tf.Session() as sess:sv = tf.train.Supervisor()with sv.managed_session() as sess:    #sess.run(tf.initialize_all_variables())    for i in range(epochs):        for batch in batches:            # print(batch[0].shape, batch[1].shape)            train_loss , _= sess.run([loss, train_op], feed_dict={                inputs_placeholder: batch[0],                labels_placeholder: batch[1]            })            # print('train_loss: %d' % train_loss)            if global_count % 100 == 0:                acc = sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={                    inputs_placeholder: test_inputs,                    labels_placeholder: test_labels                })                print('accuracy: %f' % acc)            global_count += 1    acc = sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={        inputs_placeholder: test_inputs,        labels_placeholder: test_labels    })    print("final accuracy: %f" % acc)    #在session当中就要将模型进行保存    #saver = tf.train.Saver()    #last_chkp = saver.save(sess, 'results/graph.chkp')    sv.saver.save(sess, 'results/graph.chkp')for op in tf.get_default_graph().get_operations():    print(op.name)

注意：使用了sv = tf.train.Supervisor(),就不需要再初始化了,将sess.run(tf.initialize_all_variables())注释掉,否则会报错.