在C#中使用SendMessage

在C#中使用SendMessage

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日期：2005-02-04
作者：floodzhu
备注：主要描述在调用API函数SendMessage时数据类型的转换。

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SendMessage是一个在user32.dll中声明的API函数，在C#中导入如下：

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint="SendMessageA")]public static extern int SendMessage (IntPtr hwnd, int wMsg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);

本文描述其参数 lParam 的用法，主要是数据类型之间的转化。

● 一种最简单的处理方式是声明多个SendMessage函数(overload)，用所需的数据类型直接替换IntPtr。例如：

//声明:[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint="SendMessageA")]private static extern int SendMessage (IntPtr hwnd, int wMsg, IntPtr wParam,  string lParam);[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint="SendMessageA")]private static extern int SendMessage (IntPtr hwnd, int wMsg, IntPtr wParam,  ref Rectangle lParam);

//调用:string s = "hello, floodzhu";SendMessage(this.textBox1.Handle, WM_SETTEXT, IntPtr.Zero, s);Rectangle rect = new Rectangle();SendMessage(this.richTextBox1.Handle, EM_GETRECT, (IntPtr)0, ref rect);

● 对要求返回字符串的类型（out string）可以用 StringBuilder 代替，此时不需要 out/ref。例如：

[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint="SendMessageA")]private static extern int SendMessage (IntPtr hwnd, int wMsg, int wParam, StringBuilder lParam);private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e){    const int buffer_size = 1024;    StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder(buffer_size);    SendMessage(this.textBox1.Handle, WM_GETTEXT, buffer_size, buffer);    //MessageBox.Show(buffer.ToString());}

● 如果想用 InPtr 类型统一处理的话，可以借助于 Marshal 或者 GCHandle 的相关方法。例如：

[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint="SendMessageA")]private static extern int SendMessage (IntPtr hwnd, int wMsg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);private void button2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e){    Rectangle rect = new Rectangle();    IntPtr buffer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(Rectangle)));    Marshal.StructureToPtr(rect, buffer ,true);    SendMessage(this.richTextBox1.Handle, EM_GETRECT, (IntPtr)0, buffer);    rect = (Rectangle)Marshal.PtrToStructure(buffer, typeof(Rectangle));    Marshal.FreeHGlobal(buffer);}

或者

private void button2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e){    Rectangle rect = new Rectangle();    GCHandle gch = GCHandle.Alloc(rect);    SendMessage(this.richTextBox1.Handle, EM_GETRECT, (IntPtr)0, (IntPtr)gch);    rect = (Rectangle)Marshal.PtrToStructure((IntPtr)gch, typeof(Rectangle));    gch.Free();}