消息队列RabbitMQ与Spring

1.RabbitMQ简介

RabbitMQ是流行的开源消息队列系统，用erlang语言开发。RabbitMQ是AMQP（高级消息队列协议）的标准实现。 
官网：http://www.rabbitmq.com/

2.Spring集成RabbitMQ

2.1 maven配置

//pom.xml<dependency>      <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>      <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>      <version>3.5.1</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>        <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>        <version>1.4.5.RELEASE</version>    </dependency>

2.2 rabbmitmq配置文件

//rabbitmq-config.propertiesmq.host=127.0.0.1mq.username=testmq.password=123456mq.port=5672mq.vhost=testmq

2.3 Spring配置

//application-mq.xml<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd     http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit    http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.0.xsd" >    <description>rabbitmq 连接服务配置</description>    <!-- 连接配置 -->    <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${mq.host}" username="${mq.username}" password="${mq.password}" port="${mq.port}"  virtual-host="${mq.vhost}"/>    <rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>    <!-- spring template声明-->    <rabbit:template exchange="amqpExchange" id="amqpTemplate"  connection-factory="connectionFactory"  message-converter="jsonMessageConverter" />    <!-- 消息对象json转换类 -->    <bean id="jsonMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter" />  </beans>

3. 在Spring中使用RabbitMQ

3.1 申明一个消息队列Queue

//application-mq.xml<rabbit:queue id="test_queue_key" name="test_queue_key" durable="true" auto-delete="false" exclusive="false" />

说明： 

durable:是否持久化

exclusive: 仅创建者可以使用的私有队列，断开后自动删除

auto_delete: 当所有消费客户端连接断开后，是否自动删除队列

3.2 交换机定义

//application-mq.xml<rabbit:direct-exchange name="test-mq-exchange" durable="true" auto-delete="false" id="test-mq-exchange">    <rabbit:bindings>        <rabbit:binding queue="test_queue_key" key="test_queue_key"/>    </rabbit:bindings></rabbit:direct-exchange>

说明： 

rabbit:direct-exchange：定义exchange模式为direct，意思就是消息与一个特定的路由键完全匹配，才会转发。 

rabbit:binding：设置消息queue匹配的key

3.3 发送消息Producer

//MQProducer.javapublic interface MQProducer {    /**     * 发送消息到指定队列     * @param queueKey     * @param object     */    public void sendDataToQueue(String queueKey, Object object);}

 

@Servicepublic class MQProducerImpl implements MQProducer {    @Autowired    private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;    private final static Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(MQProducerImpl.class);    /* (non-Javadoc)     * @see com.stnts.tita.rm.api.mq.MQProducer#sendDataToQueue(java.lang.String, java.lang.Object)     */    @Override    public void sendDataToQueue(String queueKey, Object object) {        try {            amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(queueKey, object);        } catch (Exception e) {            LOGGER.error(e);        }    }}

说明： 

convertAndSend：将Java对象转换为消息发送到匹配Key的交换机中Exchange，由于配置了JSON转换，这里是将Java对象转换成JSON字符串的形式。原文：Convert a Java object to an Amqp Message and send it to a default exchange with a specific routing key.

3.4 异步接收消息Consumer

定义监听器

//QueueListenter.java@Componentpublic class QueueListenter implements MessageListener {    @Override    public void onMessage(Message msg) {        try{            System.out.print(msg.toString());        }catch(Exception e){            e.printStackTrace();        }    }}

监听配置

//application-mq.xml<rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory" acknowledge="auto">    <rabbit:listener queues="test_queue" ref="queueListenter"/></rabbit:listener-container>

说明： 

queues：监听的队列，多个的话用逗号（,）分隔 

ref：监听器

3.5 JUnit测试

//TestQueue.java@RunWith(value = SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)@ContextConfiguration(locations = {    "classpath:/ApplicationContext/ApplicationContext-mq.xml"})public class TestQueue{    @Autowired    MQProducer mqProducer;    final String queue_key = "test_queue";    @Test    public void send(){        Map<String,Object> msg = new HashMap()<>;        msg.put("data","hello,rabbmitmq!");        mqProducer.sendDataToQueue(query_key,msg);    }}

运行测试程序，Run with JUnit，会发送一条消息到test_queue，监听器监听到消息后，打印出消息。

至此，已经完成了Spring和RabbmitMQ集成，配置，和使用。