KickStart无人值守安装的原理:
1. DHCP服务器给需要安装的机器分发IP, 并指定ftp服务器地址和pxelinux.0
- next-server 192.168.2.18;
- filename "pxelinux.0";
2. 客户端连接到服务器,读取启动文件 /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
3. 根据default里面指定的ks.cfg文件的位置,打开KickStart配置文件,
4. 根据ks.cfg的ftp服务器的配置, 读取/var/ftp/pub/文件, 引导安装程序
1. 查看服务状态, 启动服务
1.1 查看三种服务的状态,是否为启动状态
- service vsftpd status
- service xinetd status
- service dhcpd status
1.2 如果没有默认启动,可以设置为默认启动.
- service vsftpd start
- service xinetd start
- service dhcpd start
1.3 dhcp服务配置
rpm -ql dhcp | more
vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
[root@centos6-64 pub]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
- ddns-update-style interim;
- ignore client-updates;
- allow booting;
- allow bootp;
- subnet 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
- option routers 192.168.2.1;
- option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
- option domain-name-servers 192.168.2.1;
- option time-offset -18000; # Eastern Standard Time
- range dynamic-bootp 192.168.2.60 192.168.2.100;
- default-lease-time 21600;
- max-lease-time 43200;
- next-server 192.168.2.18;
- filename "pxelinux.0";
- }
1.4 tftp服务配置
yum intall -y tftp*
tftp服务是xinetd的子服务.
[root@centos6-64 ftp]# cat /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
- # default: off
- # description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \
- # protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
- # workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
- # and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
- service tftp
- {
- socket_type = dgram
- protocol = udp
- wait = yes
- user = root
- server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
- server_args = -s /tftpboot
- disable = no
- per_source = 11
- cps = 100 2
- flags = IPv4
- }
2. 创建pxe启动所需要的文件和目录
- mkdir /tftpboot
- mkdir /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
- cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot/
挂载安装光盘的镜像,并拷贝以下文件:
- cp /mnt/iso/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
- cp /mnt/iso/images/pxeboot/initrd.img /tftpboot/
- cp /mnt/iso/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz /tftpboot/
3. 修改/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default文件
vim /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
[root@centos6-64 pxelinux.cfg]# cat default
- default linux
- prompt 1
- timeout 60
- display boot.msg
- label linux
- kernel vmlinuz
- append initrd=initrd.img text ks=ftp://192.168.2.18/ks.cfg
ks.cfg 是使用kickstart程序生成的文件.后面我们会使用KickStart生成它.
4. 使用kickstart程序生成ks.cfg安装配置文件
安装kickstart:
yum list *kic*
yum install system-config-kickstart.noarch
运行system-config-kickstart,进行图形化参数配置界面:
4.1.基本配置:
4.2 安装方法
4.3.创建新的分区:
4.4.网络配置:
4.5.剩下的项目是关于防火墙,selinux的,看个人需求选择.
最后保存配置文件:
5. 修改生成的ks.cfg文件
5.1 将%packages后面的全拷贝到ks.cfg中的%packages后面去
cat /root/anaconda-ks.cfg #系统的安装信息
- %packages
- @base
- @chinese-support
- @core
- @debugging
- @basic-desktop
- @desktop-debugging
- @desktop-platform
- @directory-client
- @fonts
- @general-desktop
- @graphical-admin-tools
- @input-methods
- @internet-applications
- @internet-browser
- @java-platform
- @legacy-x
- @network-file-system-client
- @office-suite
- @print-client
- @remote-desktop-clients
- @server-platform
- @server-policy
- @x11
- mtools
- pax
- oddjob
- wodim
- sgpio
- genisoimage
- device-mapper-persistent-data
- abrt-gui
- samba-winbind
- certmonger
- pam_krb5
- krb5-workstation
- gnome-pilot
- libXmu
5.2 添加key --skip //跳过输入序列号环节
<注意是两个"-">
[root@rhce ~]# cat ks.cfg
[root@centos6-64 tftpboot]# cat /var/ftp/ks.cfg
[root@centos6-64 ftp]# cat ks.cfg
- #platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
- #version=DEVEL
- # Firewall configuration
- firewall --disabled
- # Install OS instead of upgrade
- install
- # Use network installation
- url --url=<a target="_blank" href="ftp://192.168.2.18/pub">ftp://192.168.2.18/pub</a>
- # Root password
- rootpw --iscrypted $1$YfhInJ/9$hqyxxL34AduJm0Zzfcl/F1
- # System authorization information
- auth --passalgo=sha512
- # Use graphical install
- graphical
- firstboot --disable
- # System keyboard
- keyboard us
- # System language
- lang en_US
- # SELinux configuration
- selinux --disabled
- # Installation logging level
- logging --level=info
-
-
- key --skip
-
-
- # System timezone
- timezone Asia/Shanghai
- # Network information
- network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
- # System bootloader configuration
- bootloader --location=mbr
- # Clear the Master Boot Record
- zerombr
- # Partition clearing information
- clearpart --all --initlabel
- # Disk partitioning information
- part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=200
- part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
- part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=1
-
-
- %packages
- @base
- @chinese-support
- @core
- @debugging
- @basic-desktop
- @desktop-debugging
- @desktop-platform
- @directory-client
- @fonts
- @general-desktop
- @graphical-admin-tools
- @input-methods
- @internet-applications
- @internet-browser
- @java-platform
- @legacy-x
- @network-file-system-client
- @office-suite
- @print-client
- @remote-desktop-clients
- @server-platform
- @server-policy
- @x11
- mtools
- pax
- oddjob
- wodim
- sgpio
- genisoimage
- device-mapper-persistent-data
- abrt-gui
- samba-winbind
- certmonger
- pam_krb5
- krb5-workstation
- gnome-pilot
- libXmu
-
-
- %end
5.3 将配置文件拷贝到ftp目录下
6. 将系统相关文件拷贝到配置ks.cfg时,指定的ftp目录下
挂载系统镜文件到/vat/ftp/pub/下
[root@centos6-64 ~]# ls -l /var/ftp/
- total 8
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1419 Nov 20 17:58 ks.cfg
- dr-xr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Mar 6 2013 pub
[root@centos6-64 ~]# ls -l /var/ftp/pub/
- total 676
- -r--r--r-- 2 root root 14 Mar 6 2013 CentOS_BuildTag
- dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 2048 Mar 5 2013 EFI
- -r--r--r-- 2 root root 212 Mar 3 2013 EULA
- -r--r--r-- 2 root root 18009 Mar 3 2013 GPL
- dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 2048 Mar 5 2013 images
- dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Mar 5 2013 isolinux
- dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 649216 Mar 6 2013 Packages
- -r--r--r-- 2 root root 1354 Mar 3 2013 RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html
- dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 6 2013 repodata
- -r--r--r-- 2 root root 1706 Mar 3 2013 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
- -r--r--r-- 2 root root 1730 Mar 3 2013 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6
- -r--r--r-- 2 root root 1730 Mar 3 2013 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6
- -r--r--r-- 2 root root 1734 Mar 3 2013 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6
- -r--r--r-- 1 root root 3380 Mar 6 2013 TRANS.TBL
到此配置结束, 启动需要安装系统的机器. 修改BIOS以网卡方式启动.
如果DHCP配置有问题,或PXE找不到安装文件的问题,
请查看/var/log/message 或仔细核对目录是否一致.
#注意如果KickStarts配置在虚拟机中,
虚拟机的网卡要设置为桥接(Bridged)模式.
