iOS中的NSURLProtocol

来源:互联网 发布:c语言入门小程序 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/05/17 05:13

最近做SDK开发的时候,为了给QA编写一个测试工具,方便调试和记录请求内容。但是又不想改动已经写好的SDK代码。本来想到用methodSwizzle,但是发现SDK要开放一些私有的类出来,太麻烦,也不方便最后的打包。于是网上搜了下,如何黑魔法下系统的回调函数,无意中发现了NSURLProtocol这个牛逼玩意。。。所有问题都被它给解决了。。。。

NSURLProtocol

NSURLProtocol是 iOS里面的URL Loading System的一部分,但是从它的名字来看,你绝对不会想到它会是一个对象,可是它偏偏是个对象。。。而且还是抽象对象(可是OC里面没有抽象这一说)。平常我们做网络相关的东西基本很少碰它,但是它的功能却强大得要死。

  • 可以拦截UIWebView,基于系统的NSUIConnection或者NSUISession进行封装的网络请求。
  • 忽略网络请求,直接返回自定义的Response
  • 修改request(请求地址,认证信息等等)
  • 返回数据拦截
  • 干你想干的。。。

对URL Loading System不清楚的,可以看看下面这张图,看看里面有哪些类:


nsobject_hierarchy_2x.png

# iOS中的 NSURLProtocol

URL loading system 原生已经支持了http,https,file,ftp,data这些常见协议,当然也允许我们定义自己的protocol去扩展,或者定义自己的协议。当URL loading system通过NSURLRequest对象进行请求时,将会自动创建NSURLProtocol的实例(可以是自定义的)。这样我们就有机会对该请求进行处理。官方文档里面介绍得比较少,下面我们直接看如何自定义NSURLProtocol,并结合两个简单的demo看下如何使用。

NSURLProtocol的创建

首先是继承系统的NSURLProtocol:

@interface CustomURLProtocol : NSURLProtocol@end

AppDelegate里面进行注册下:

[NSURLProtocol registerClass:[CustomURLProtocol class]];

这样,我们就完成了协议的注册。

子类NSURLProtocol必须实现的方法

+ (BOOL)canInitWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request;

这个方法是自定义protocol的入口,如果你需要对自己关注的请求进行处理则返回YES,这样,URL loading system将会把本次请求的操作都给了你这个protocol

+ (BOOL)canInitWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request;

这个方法主要是用来返回格式化好的request,如果自己没有特殊需求的话,直接返回当前的request就好了。如果你想做些其他的,比如地址重定向,或者请求头的重新设置,你可以copy下这个request然后进行设置。

+ (BOOL)requestIsCacheEquivalent:(NSURLRequest *)a toRequest:(NSURLRequest *)b;

这个方法用于判断你的自定义reqeust是否相同,这里返回默认实现即可。它的主要应用场景是某些直接使用缓存而非再次请求网络的地方。

- (void)startLoading;- (void)stopLoading;

这个两个方法很明显是请求发起和结束的地方。

实现NSURLConnectionDelegate和NSURLConnectionDataDelegate

如果你对你关注的请求进行了拦截,那么你就需要通过实现NSURLProtocolClient这个协议的对象将消息转给URLloading system,也就是NSURLProtocol中的client这个对象。看看这个NSURLProtocolClient里面的方法:

- (void)URLProtocol:(NSURLProtocol *)protocol wasRedirectedToRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request redirectResponse:(NSURLResponse *)redirectResponse;- (void)URLProtocol:(NSURLProtocol *)protocol cachedResponseIsValid:(NSCachedURLResponse *)cachedResponse;- (void)URLProtocol:(NSURLProtocol *)protocol didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response cacheStoragePolicy:(NSURLCacheStoragePolicy)policy;- (void)URLProtocol:(NSURLProtocol *)protocol didLoadData:(NSData *)data;- (void)URLProtocolDidFinishLoading:(NSURLProtocol *)protocol;- (void)URLProtocol:(NSURLProtocol *)protocol didReceiveAuthenticationChallenge:(NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *)challenge;- (void)URLProtocol:(NSURLProtocol *)protocol didCancelAuthenticationChallenge:(NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *)challenge;

你会发现和NSURLConnectionDelegate很像。其实就是做了个转发的操作。

具体的看下两个demo

最常见的http请求,返回本地数据进行测试

static NSString * const hasInitKey = @"JYCustomDataProtocolKey";@interface JYCustomDataProtocol ()@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableData *responseData;@property (nonatomic, strong) NSURLConnection *connection;@end@implementation JYCustomDataProtocol+ (BOOL)canInitWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request{    if ([NSURLProtocol propertyForKey:hasInitKey inRequest:request]) {        return NO;    }    return YES;}+ (NSURLRequest *)canonicalRequestForRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request {    NSMutableURLRequest *mutableReqeust = [request mutableCopy];    //这边可用干你想干的事情。。更改地址,或者设置里面的请求头。。    return mutableReqeust;}- (void)startLoading{    NSMutableURLRequest *mutableReqeust = [[self request] mutableCopy];    //做下标记,防止递归调用    [NSURLProtocol setProperty:@YES forKey:hasInitKey inRequest:mutableReqeust];    //这边就随便你玩了。。可以直接返回本地的模拟数据,进行测试    BOOL enableDebug = NO;    if (enableDebug) {        NSString *str = @"测试数据";        NSData *data = [str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];        NSURLResponse *response = [[NSURLResponse alloc] initWithURL:mutableReqeust.URL                                                            MIMEType:@"text/plain"                                               expectedContentLength:data.length                                                    textEncodingName:nil];        [self.client URLProtocol:self              didReceiveResponse:response              cacheStoragePolicy:NSURLCacheStorageNotAllowed];        [self.client URLProtocol:self didLoadData:data];        [self.client URLProtocolDidFinishLoading:self];    }    else {        self.connection = [NSURLConnection connectionWithRequest:mutableReqeust delegate:self];    }}- (void)stopLoading{    [self.connection cancel];}#pragma mark- NSURLConnectionDelegate- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error {    [self.client URLProtocol:self didFailWithError:error];}#pragma mark - NSURLConnectionDataDelegate- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response{    self.responseData = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];    [self.client URLProtocol:self didReceiveResponse:response cacheStoragePolicy:NSURLCacheStorageNotAllowed];}- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data {    [self.responseData appendData:data];    [self.client URLProtocol:self didLoadData:data];}- (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection {    [self.client URLProtocolDidFinishLoading:self];}

UIWebView图片缓存解决方案(结合SDWebImage)

思路很简单,就是拦截请求URL带.png .jpg .gif的请求,首先去缓存里面取,有的话直接返回,没有的去请求,并保存本地。

static NSString * const hasInitKey = @"JYCustomWebViewProtocolKey";@interface JYCustomWebViewProtocol ()@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableData *responseData;@property (nonatomic, strong) NSURLConnection *connection;@end@implementation JYCustomWebViewProtocol+ (BOOL)canInitWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request{    if ([request.URL.scheme isEqualToString:@"http"]) {        NSString *str = request.URL.path;        //只处理http请求的图片        if (([str hasSuffix:@".png"] || [str hasSuffix:@".jpg"] || [str hasSuffix:@".gif"])            && ![NSURLProtocol propertyForKey:hasInitKey inRequest:request]) {            return YES;        }    }    return NO;}+ (NSURLRequest *)canonicalRequestForRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request {    NSMutableURLRequest *mutableReqeust = [request mutableCopy];    //这边可用干你想干的事情。。更改地址,提取里面的请求内容,或者设置里面的请求头。。    return mutableReqeust;}- (void)startLoading{    NSMutableURLRequest *mutableReqeust = [[self request] mutableCopy];    //做下标记,防止递归调用    [NSURLProtocol setProperty:@YES forKey:hasInitKey inRequest:mutableReqeust];    //查看本地是否已经缓存了图片    NSString *key = [[SDWebImageManager sharedManager] cacheKeyForURL:self.request.URL];    NSData *data = [[SDImageCache sharedImageCache] diskImageDataBySearchingAllPathsForKey:key];    if (data) {        NSURLResponse *response = [[NSURLResponse alloc] initWithURL:mutableReqeust.URL                                                            MIMEType:[NSData sd_contentTypeForImageData:data]                                               expectedContentLength:data.length                                                    textEncodingName:nil];        [self.client URLProtocol:self              didReceiveResponse:response              cacheStoragePolicy:NSURLCacheStorageNotAllowed];        [self.client URLProtocol:self didLoadData:data];        [self.client URLProtocolDidFinishLoading:self];    }    else {        self.connection = [NSURLConnection connectionWithRequest:mutableReqeust delegate:self];    }}- (void)stopLoading{    [self.connection cancel];}#pragma mark- NSURLConnectionDelegate- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error {    [self.client URLProtocol:self didFailWithError:error];}#pragma mark - NSURLConnectionDataDelegate- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response{    self.responseData = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];    [self.client URLProtocol:self didReceiveResponse:response cacheStoragePolicy:NSURLCacheStorageNotAllowed];}- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data {    [self.responseData appendData:data];    [self.client URLProtocol:self didLoadData:data];}- (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection{    UIImage *cacheImage = [UIImage sd_imageWithData:self.responseData];    //利用SDWebImage提供的缓存进行保存图片    [[SDImageCache sharedImageCache] storeImage:cacheImage                           recalculateFromImage:NO                                      imageData:self.responseData                                         forKey:[[SDWebImageManager sharedManager] cacheKeyForURL:self.request.URL]                                         toDisk:YES];    [self.client URLProtocolDidFinishLoading:self];}

注意点:

  • 每次只能只有一个protocol进行处理,如果有多个自定义protocol,系统将采取你registerClass的倒序进行调用,一旦你需要对这个请求进行处理,那么接下来的所有相关操作都需要这个protocol进行管理。
  • 一定要注意标记请求,不然你会无限的循环下去。。。因为一旦你需要处理这个请求,那么系统会创建你这个protocol的实例,然后你自己又开启了connection进行请求的话,又会触发URL Loading system的回调。系统给我们提供了+ (void)setProperty:(id)value forKey:(NSString *)key inRequest:(NSMutableURLRequest *)request;+ (id)propertyForKey:(NSString *)key inRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request;这两个方法进行标记和区分。

文章中的示例代码点这里进行下载JYNSURLPRotocolDemo

0 0