android 编译体系中的 Copy

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转载一篇很实用的文章,关于android编译系统中的拷贝方法。
原文链接http://www.2cto.com/kf/201410/347837.html

对andriod系统层进行开发,或者进行移植时,时常需要添加文件到编译体系中,在最终的编译中复制到out中,最后打包成镜像,这里总结一下Copy File 方法,这里以我的 android 4.2.1为例.

一.PRODUCT_COPY_FILES :

这个变量就是用来标记Copy操作的,比较常见的形式如下:

#jscese cp 3g script and PRODUCT_COPY_FILES +=     $(DEVICE_SOURCES)/3g-script/ip-up-datakey:system/etc/ppp/ip-up-datakey     $(DEVICE_SOURCES)/3g-script/ip-down-datakey:system/etc/ppp/ip-down-datakey     $(DEVICE_SOURCES)/3g-script/init.gprs-pppd:system/etc/ppp/init.gprs-pppd     device/sample/etc/apns-full-conf.xml:system/etc/apns-conf.xml     #external/usb-modeswitch/usb_modeswitch.d:system/etc/usb_modeswitch.d#PRODUCT_COPY_FILES +=       #$(DEVICE_SOURCES)/3g-script/ip-down-datakey:system/etc/ppp/ip-down-datakey #end

可以看到 格式: 中间用 “ : ” 隔开!

编译过源码的都知道在最开始 编译的时候 都会出现:

PRODUCT_COPY_FILES
frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/ogg/Effect_Tick.ogg:system/media/audio/ui/Effect_Tick.ogg
ignored. PRODUCT_COPY_FILES
frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/ogg/KeypressStandard.ogg:system/media/audio/ui/KeypressStandard.ogg
ignored. PRODUCT_COPY_FILES
frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/ogg/KeypressSpacebar.ogg:system/media/audio/ui/KeypressSpacebar.ogg
ignored. PRODUCT_COPY_FILES
frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/ogg/KeypressDelete.ogg:system/media/audio/ui/KeypressDelete.ogg
ignored. PRODUCT_COPY_FILES
frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/ogg/KeypressReturn.ogg:system/media/audio/ui/KeypressReturn.ogg
ignored.

这样的打印,现在告诉你这东西在哪里打出来的~ /build/core/Makefile 中最开始的:

# -----------------------------------------------------------------# Define rules to copy PRODUCT_COPY_FILES defined by the product.# PRODUCT_COPY_FILES contains words like <source file="">:<dest file="">[:<owner>].# <dest file=""> is relative to $(PRODUCT_OUT), so it should look like,# e.g., system/etc/file.xml.# The filter part means only eval the copy-one-file rule if this# src:dest pair is the first one to match the same dest#$(1): the src:dest pairdefine check-product-copy-files$(if $(filter %.apk, $(1)),$(error     Prebuilt apk found in PRODUCT_COPY_FILES: $(1), use BUILD_PREBUILT instead!))endef# filter out the duplicate <source file="">:<dest file=""> pairs.unique_product_copy_files_pairs :=$(foreach cf,$(PRODUCT_COPY_FILES),     $(if $(filter $(unique_product_copy_files_pairs),$(cf)),,        $(eval unique_product_copy_files_pairs += $(cf))))unique_product_copy_files_destinations :=$(foreach cf,$(unique_product_copy_files_pairs),     $(eval _src := $(call word-colon,1,$(cf)))     $(eval _dest := $(call word-colon,2,$(cf)))     $(call check-product-copy-files,$(cf))     $(if $(filter $(unique_product_copy_files_destinations),$(_dest)),         $(info PRODUCT_COPY_FILES $(cf) ignored.),         $(eval _fulldest := $(call append-path,$(PRODUCT_OUT),$(_dest)))         $(if $(filter %.xml,$(_dest)),            $(eval $(call copy-xml-file-checked,$(_src),$(_fulldest))),            $(eval $(call copy-one-file,$(_src),$(_fulldest))))         $(eval ALL_DEFAULT_INSTALLED_MODULES += $(_fulldest))         $(eval unique_product_copy_files_destinations += $(_dest))))unique_product_copy_files_pairs :=unique_product_copy_files_destinations :=</dest></dest></owner></dest>

这就是 PRODUCT_COPY_FILES 起作用的地方! 可以看上面注释,描述了规则用法,只能copy file!

也就是上面编译打印的出处,代表忽略项. 详细的规则可跟进去细看,无非是依赖Copy之类的.

这里需要注意一点, PRODUCT_COPY_FILES 不能在 Android.mk 中使用 添加新的Copy 项!

# Can't use first-makefiles-under here because# --mindepth=2 makes the prunes not work.subdir_makefiles :=     $(shell build/tools/findleaves.py --prune=out --prune=.repo --prune=.git $(subdirs) Android.mk)include $(subdir_makefiles)endif # ONE_SHOT_MAKEFILE# Now with all Android.mks loaded we can do post cleaning steps.include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/post_clean.mkifeq ($(stash_product_vars),true)  $(call assert-product-vars, __STASHED)endif

在这里加载所有的Android.mk ,重点在后面的 assert-product-vars 函数:

## Assert that the the variable stashed by stash-product-vars remains untouched.# $(1): The prefix as supplied to stash-product-vars#define assert-product-vars$(strip   $(eval changed_variables:=)  $(foreach v,$(_product_stash_var_list),     $(if $(call streq,$($(v)),$($(strip $(1))_$(call rot13,$(v)))),,         $(eval $(warning $(v) has been modified: $($(v))))         $(eval $(warning previous value: $($(strip $(1))_$(call rot13,$(v)))))         $(eval changed_variables := $(changed_variables) $(v)))    )   $(if $(changed_variables),    $(eval $(error The following variables have been changed: $(changed_variables))),))endef

如果有改变就会报错的,编译出错如下:

build/core/main.mk:528: * The following variables have been changed:
PRODUCT_COPY_FILES。 停止。

使用 PRODUCT_COPY_FILES 应该算是最常用的Copy File 的方法了,一般可直接加在 device.mk 中!

二 .copy_to copy_from ALL_PREBUILT:

这个方法用在Android.mk中,可参考 /system/core/rootdir/Android.mk:

copy_from += etc/init.goldfish.shcopy_to := $(addprefix $(TARGET_OUT)/,$(copy_from))copy_from := $(addprefix $(LOCAL_PATH)/,$(copy_from))$(copy_to) : PRIVATE_MODULE := system_etcdir$(copy_to) : $(TARGET_OUT)/% : $(LOCAL_PATH)/% | $(ACP)    $(transform-prebuilt-to-target)ALL_PREBUILT += $(copy_to)

可以看到copy_from 就是需要copy的,copy_to 就是目的地!

可以看下规则,定义在/build/core/definitions.mk中:

# Copy a prebuilt file to a target location.define transform-prebuilt-to-target@echo $(if $(PRIVATE_IS_HOST_MODULE),host,target) Prebuilt: $(PRIVATE_MODULE) ($@)$(copy-file-to-target)endef
define copy-file-to-target@mkdir -p $(dir $@)$(hide) $(ACP) -fp $< $@endef

需要注意的是,如果我们自己添加一些文件到 copy_from中,就会出现 :

build/core/main.mk:533: * Some files have been added to ALL_PREBUILT.
build/core/main.mk:534: *
build/core/main.mk:535: * ALL_PREBUILT is a deprecated mechanism that
build/core/main.mk:536: * should not be used for new files.
build/core/main.mk:537: * As an alternative, use PRODUCT_COPY_FILES in
build/core/main.mk:538: * the appropriate product definition.
build/core/main.mk:539: * build/target/product/core.mk is the product
build/core/main.mk:540: * definition used in all products.
build/core/main.mk:541: *
build/core/main.mk:542: * unexpected usb_modeswitch.h in ALL_PREBUILT
build/core/main.mk:542: * unexpected usb_modeswitch.sh in ALL_PREBUILT
build/core/main.mk:542: * unexpected usb_modeswitch.tcl in ALL_PREBUILT
build/core/main.mk:543: *
build/core/main.mk:544: * ALL_PREBUILT contains unexpected files。 停止。

错误发生在 /build/core/main.mk

include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/legacy_prebuilts.mkifneq ($(filter-out $(GRANDFATHERED_ALL_PREBUILT),$(strip $(notdir $(ALL_PREBUILT)))),)  $(warning *** Some files have been added to ALL_PREBUILT.)  $(warning *)  $(warning * ALL_PREBUILT is a deprecated mechanism that)  $(warning * should not be used for new files.)  $(warning * As an alternative, use PRODUCT_COPY_FILES in)  $(warning * the appropriate product definition.)  $(warning * build/target/product/core.mk is the product)  $(warning * definition used in all products.)  $(warning *)  $(foreach bad_prebuilt,$(filter-out $(GRANDFATHERED_ALL_PREBUILT),$(strip $(notdir $(ALL_PREBUILT)))),$(warning * unexpected $(bad_prebuilt) in ALL_PREBUILT))  $(warning *)  $(error ALL_PREBUILT contains unexpected files)endif

上面的打印信息告诉我们 ALL_PREBUILT 是一种过时的机制,已经不让用于copy新的文件了,推荐使用PRODUCT_COPY_FILES !
而可以添加进 ALL_PREBUILT 变量的成员定义在 legacy_prebuilts.mk中:

# This is the list of modules grandfathered to use ALL_PREBUILT# DO NOT ADD ANY NEW MODULE TO THIS FILE## ALL_PREBUILT modules are hard to control and audit and we don't want# to add any new such module in the systemGRANDFATHERED_ALL_PREBUILT :=     akmd2     am     ap_gain.bin ...

注释写的很明白了!

所以如果我们自己想加个文件编译copy ,就不能使用 copy_from copy_to ALL_prebuilt 这种机制 !

三 .BUILD_PREBUILT :

这种方式把文件当成编译项目,在Android.mk中copy一个file:

LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)include $(CLEAR_VARS) LOCAL_MODULE := usb_modeswitch.conf LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC  LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT)/etc LOCAL_SRC_FILES :=$(LOCAL_MODULE)  include $(BUILD_PREBUILT)

上面的就是copy usb_modeswitch.conf 文件到 OUT 下面的 etc目录,这个目录常用来存放配置相关文件。
上面所有的都说的是Copy File 但是如果需要 Copy 一个文件目录下所有就需要另做操作了!

四 .Copy Directory

使用了shell命令Copy:

$(shell cp -rf $(LOCAL_PATH)/usb_modeswitch.d $(TARGET_OUT)/etc/usb_modeswitch.d)

这样做在源码已经编译好了的情况下,是没有问题的,因为$(TARGET_OUT)/etc 目录已经存在,但是作为新编译是不会Copy的,

所以说在android的编译体系中 还得按照android提供的机制来进行操作,像这种shell取巧,是方便,但不是正途!

比较好的处理方法是:在上面的shell的地方 include 处理Copy usb-modewitch.d 的mk文件,内容如下:

# $(1): module name# $(2): source file# $(3): destination directorydefine include-prebuilt-with-destination-directoryinclude $$(CLEAR_VARS)LOCAL_MODULE := $(1)LOCAL_ADDITIONAL_DEPENDENCIES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/usb_modeswitch_data.mkLOCAL_MODULE_STEM := $(notdir $(2))LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optionalLOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETCLOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(3)LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(2)include $$(BUILD_PREBUILT)endef#== rename 's/:/_/' * ==#usb_modeswitch_data := $(notdir $(wildcard $(LOCAL_PATH)/usb_modeswitch.d/*))$(warning jscese display -usb_modeswitch_data--$(usb_modeswitch_data))usb_modeswitch_data_target_directory := $(TARGET_OUT)/etc/usb_modeswitch.d$(foreach data, $(usb_modeswitch_data), $(eval $(call include-prebuilt-with-destination-directory,target-data-$(notdir $(data)),usb_modeswitch.d/$(data),$(usb_modeswitch_data_target_directory))))usb_modeswitch_data_target := $(addprefix $(usb_modeswitch_data_target_directory)/,$(foreach cacert,$(usb_modeswitch_data),$(notdir $(usb_modeswitch_data)))).PHONY: usb_modeswitch_data_targetusb_modeswitch_data: $(usb_modeswitch_data_target)# This is so that build/target/product/core.mk can use usb_modeswitch_data in PRODUCT_PACKAGESALL_MODULES.usb_modeswitch_data.INSTALLED := $(usb_modeswitch_data_target)

可以看到原理同 Copy 一个单独的 File是一样的 BUILD_PREBUILT ,只不过是遍历了一下文件夹,而且把这个当成一个module来处理 写进 PRODUCT_PACKAGES
关于PRODUCT_PACKAGES 变量的作用可参考我之前的博文 Android——编译安装Module的控制因素

另外因为文件名称都是 XXXX:XXXX类型,我这里先在直接使用reanme命令把:全替换成 _

如果不替换,导致传入文件的时候 makefile 把中间的 : 可能当成了依赖符号~ 会报错

我如果使用subst 把:换成 : 添加进去转义符号,好像是文件又找不到,不知道有没有遇到过这种情况…..

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