C——通讯录实例

C语言的学习即将告一段落，上周老师让我们应用链表来编写一个通讯录小项目，因为当时尚未学习文件操作的有关内容因此无法实现信息的保存，现在我们需要在原有的基础上进行修改实现文件的保存与读取，但是，学过文件操作后依然对如何实现这一功能毫无头绪，因此在网上搜索了他人写的一些程序，作为参考。

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1         //消除scanf不安全的警告#ifndef _CONTACT_H_                       #define _CONTACT_H_#define NAME_MAX 20#define SEX_MAX 3#define TEL_MAX 20#define ADDER_MAX 30#define PEOPLE_MAX 3#include<stdio.h>#include<stdlib.h>#include<string.h>typedef struct people                   //定义通讯录保存的内容结构体{char name[NAME_MAX];char sex[SEX_MAX];int age;char tel[TEL_MAX];char adder[ADDER_MAX];}people;typedef struct contact                    //定义一个嵌套结构体。{int capacity;people *human;int count_p;}Con, *Pcon;void add_people(Pcon pcon);           //实现增加联系人功能int find_people(Pcon pcon);          //实现查找联系人功能void delete_people(Pcon pcon);       //实现删除联系人功能void alter_people(Pcon pcon);        //实现修改联系人信息功能void show_people(Pcon pcon);         //实现显示所有联系人功能void clean_people(Pcon pcon);           // 实现清空联系人功能void order_people(Pcon pcon);           //实现以名字对联系人进行排序功能。void init(Pcon pcon);                    //初始化结构体void menu();                          //实现菜单功能void free_mem(Pcon pcon);void save_to_file(Pcon pcon);         //将联系人信息保存至文件void read_from_file(Pcon pcon);            //从文件中读取联系人信息#endifvoid init(Pcon pcon)   //对结构体进行初始化。{pcon->capacity = PEOPLE_MAX;people *p = (people *)malloc((PEOPLE_MAX)*sizeof(people));if (p == NULL){printf("内存不足！");exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}else{pcon->human = p;}memset(pcon->human, 0, (PEOPLE_MAX)* sizeof(people));pcon->count_p = 0;}void free_mem(Pcon pcon){free(pcon->human);pcon->human = NULL;}//函数实现：void menu(){printf("*******************欢迎使用通讯录2.0   ***************\n");printf("                   1.添加联系人信息      \n");printf("                   2.删除指定联系人信息  \n");printf("                   3.查找指定联系人信息  \n");printf("                   4.修改指:定联系人信息  \n");printf("                   5.显示所有联系人信息  \n");printf("                   6.清空所有联系人     \n");printf("                   7.以名字排序所有联系人\n");printf("                   8.退出\n");printf("******************************************************\n");}void print(Pcon pcon, int i)        //打印联系人信息{printf("|  姓名  |  性别  |  年龄  |    电话    |      住址     | \n");printf("|  %4s  |  %2s  |  %d  |  %6s  |  %6s  |\n", pcon->human[i].name, pcon->human[i].sex, pcon->human[i].age,pcon->human[i].tel, pcon->human[i].adder);}void judge_full(Pcon pcon)   //判断当前联系人总数是否超过容量，若超过则增容{people *p = { 0 };if (pcon->count_p == pcon->capacity){p = (people *)realloc(pcon->human, (pcon->capacity + 3)*sizeof(people));if (p == NULL){printf("内存不足！");exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}else{pcon->human = p;pcon->capacity += 3;}}}void add_people(Pcon pcon){judge_full(pcon);printf("请输入添加联系人的姓名，性别，年龄，电话，住址：(可用空格符或回车符隔开)\n");scanf("%s", pcon->human[pcon->count_p].name);scanf("%s", pcon->human[pcon->count_p].sex);scanf("%d", &pcon->human[pcon->count_p].age);scanf("%s", pcon->human[pcon->count_p].tel);scanf("%s", pcon->human[pcon->count_p].adder);print(pcon, pcon->count_p);(pcon->count_p)++;printf("添加成功！\n");}int find_people(Pcon pcon){char name[NAME_MAX];int i = 0;printf("请输入姓名：");scanf("%s", name);for (i = 0; i < pcon->count_p; i++){if (strcmp(pcon->human[i].name, name) == 0){print(pcon, i);return i;                  //若输入的姓名与联系人中的一个姓名相符，则返回该联系人的位置}}printf("不存在该联系人\n");return -1;}void delete_people(Pcon pcon){int i = 0;int ret = find_people(pcon);if (ret != -1){for (i = ret; i < pcon->count_p; i++){pcon->human[i] = pcon->human[i + 1];     //采用移位删除法删除。}pcon->count_p--;printf("删除成功！\n");}elseprintf("不存在该联系人！\n");}void alter_people(Pcon pcon)          //修改联系人信息{int ret = find_people(pcon);     //接收指定联系人位置if (ret != -1){printf("请重新输入该联系人信息：(用空格符或回车符隔开)\n");scanf("%s", pcon->human[ret].name);scanf("%s", pcon->human[ret].sex);scanf("%d", &pcon->human[ret].age);scanf("%s", pcon->human[ret].tel);scanf("%s", pcon->human[ret].adder);print(pcon, ret);printf("修改成功！\n");}}void show_people(Pcon pcon){int i = 0;printf("|  姓名  |  性别  |  年龄  |    电话    |      住址     | \n");for (i = 0; i < pcon->count_p; i++)  //循环打印全部联系人{printf("|  %4s  |  %2s  |  %d  |  %6s  |  %6s  |\n", pcon->human[i].name, pcon->human[i].sex, pcon->human[i].age,pcon->human[i].tel, pcon->human[i].adder);}}void clean_people(Pcon pcon)         //将人数置成0，即清空联系人{pcon->count_p = 0;printf("成功清空！");}void order_people(Pcon pcon){int i = 0;int j = 0;for (i = 0; i < (pcon->count_p) - 1; i++)    //这里采用冒泡排序{for ( j = 0; j<(pcon->count_p) - 1 - i; j++){int min = 0;if (strcmp(pcon->human[j].name, pcon->human[j + 1].name)>0){people temp = pcon->human[j];pcon->human[j] = pcon->human[j + 1];pcon->human[j + 1] = temp;}}}printf("排序完成\n");show_people(pcon);}void read_from_file(Pcon pcon)   //从文件中读取联系人信息{int i = 0;people tmp = { 0 };FILE *pfread = fopen("cantact.dat", "r+");if (pfread == NULL){perror("open file for read");exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}while (fread(&tmp, sizeof(people), 1, pfread)){judge_full(pcon);  //防止文件里的人数超过容量pcon->human[i] = tmp;i++;pcon->count_p++;}fclose(pfread);}void save_to_file(Pcon pcon)      //将联系人信息保存至文件{int i = 0;FILE *pfwrite = fopen("cantact.dat", "w+");if (pfwrite == NULL){perror("open file for write");exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}for (i = 0; i < pcon->count_p; i++){fwrite(&(pcon->human[i]), sizeof(people), 1, pfwrite);}fclose(pfwrite);}//主函数：int main(){Con con;init(&con);int num = 0;menu();read_from_file(&con);while (1){printf("请输入你想执行的功能序号：");scanf("%d", &num);switch (num){case 1:add_people(&con);break;case 2:delete_people(&con);break;case 3:find_people(&con);break;case 4:alter_people(&con);break;case 5:show_people(&con);break;case 6:clean_people(&con);break;case 7:order_people(&con);break;case 8:save_to_file(&con);exit(0);break;default:printf("指令输入错误！");break;}}free_mem(&con);system("pause");return 0;}