Android 自定义View总结 —— onMeasure()

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由于作者水平有限,错误在所难免,请见谅,可以留言,本人会及时改正


索引

  • onMeasure
    • ViewGroup
  • MeasureSpec类
    • UNSPECIFIED模式
    • EXACTLY模式
    • AT_MOST模式
    • 获取Mode和Size
  • Demo


onMeasure

该方法为 protected级,只有View的子类 才能重载该方法

// 主要用于测量视图及其内容的大小,该方法被View类的measure(int,int)方法调用// 重载该方法需要注意几点:// 1.必须调用setMeasuredDimension(int width, int height)来存储测量结果,否则会抛IllegalStateException异常// 2.参数widthSpec,heightSpec并不是大小值,而是由MeasureSpec类生成的“mode&size”复合值// 3.参数 widthSpec,heightSpec由父类生成protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)
// measure方法才是测量的入口,onMeasure中确定测量值public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {...    onMeasure(int,int);...}

onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)源码如下:

protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {    // 调用setMeasureDemension()确定测量结果    // getSuggestedMiniumWidth()根据minWidth还有background drawable返回一个最小值    setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(),widthMeasureSpec),    getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(),heightMeasureSpec));}

View getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec)源码如下:

public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {        int result = size;        // 通过MeasureSpec类,拆分measureSpec值,获得mode和size值        // 后面会对这两个值做解释        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);        switch (specMode) {        //无限制模式        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:            result = size;            break;        //至多模式        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:        //精确模式        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:            result = specSize;            break;        }        return result;    }

ViewGroup

ViewGroup 在onMeasure过程中稍有不同,因为你只有知道了所有的子View的大小,才能知道你自己需要多大。
Linearlayout 中遍历所有子View,如果是横向布局则把所有子View的width相加,如果是纵向布局则把所有子View的height相加(当然还需要考虑Padding,累加的值是不是超过了ParentView允许的值等等)。

// 大致如下// 具体代码可以参考LinearLayout、FrameLayout源码public void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec,int heightMeasureSpec){    int childCount=getChildCount();    // 遍历所有子View    for(int i=0;i<childCount;i++){        View child=getChildAt(i);        child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec,childHeightMeasureSpec);    }}

ViewGroup中定义了几个protected方法用于测量子View

//ViewGroup自己完成所有子View的测量protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {        final int size = mChildrenCount;        final View[] children = mChildren;        for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {            final View child = children[i];            //过滤GONE状态的View            if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) {                measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);            }        }    }
protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {        final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();        final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,                mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);        final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,                mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);        child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);    }
protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,            int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,            int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {        final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();        final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,                mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin                        + widthUsed, lp.width);        final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,                mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin                        + heightUsed, lp.height);        child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);    }
// 生成child measureSpecpublic static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);        int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);        int resultSize = 0;        int resultMode = 0;        switch (specMode) {        // Parent has imposed an exact size on us        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:            if (childDimension >= 0) {                resultSize = childDimension;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {                // Child wants to be our size. So be it.                resultSize = size;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be                // bigger than us.                resultSize = size;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;            }            break;        // Parent has imposed a maximum size on us        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:            if (childDimension >= 0) {                // Child wants a specific size... so be it                resultSize = childDimension;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {                // Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.                // Constrain child to not be bigger than us.                resultSize = size;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be                // bigger than us.                resultSize = size;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;            }            break;        // Parent asked to see how big we want to be        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:            if (childDimension >= 0) {                // Child wants a specific size... let him have it                resultSize = childDimension;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {                // Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should                // be                resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {                // Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how                // big it should be                resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;            }            break;        }        //noinspection ResourceType        return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);    }

MeasureSpec类

MeasureSpec类中定义了三种模式分别是:UNSPECIFIED(无限制模式)、
EXACTLY(精确模式)、AT_MOST(至多模式)

private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30; //30位private static final int MODE_MASK  = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT; //二进制11(低30位为0),左移了30位public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT; //二进制00(低30位为0)public static final int EXACTLY     = 1 << MODE_SHIFT; //二进制01(低30位为0)public static final int AT_MOST     = 2 << MODE_SHIFT; //二进制11(低30位为0)

UNSPECIFIED模式

ParentView不约束子View,子View想多大就多大

EXACTLY模式

ParentView已经指定一个精确的大小给子View,子View大小已被确定

<TextView android:layout_width="48dp"          android:layout_height="48dp"/>

AT_MOST模式

ParentView指定一个最大值,子View的大小不能超过这个值

// match_parent 会根据ParentView的模式不同而不同<TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content"          android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

引用其他人的图片做一个总结 CDDN 苦咖啡的自留地
MeasureSpec关系图

获取Mode和Size

MeasureSpec类定义了几个公共静态方法来获取Modesize

//java int类型是32位的,MODE_MASK是110...0(共32位),做&操作能取高2位值也就是mode(UNSPECIFIED,EXACTLY,AT_MOST)值public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {    return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);}
//java int类型是32位的,~MODE_MASK是001...1(共32位),做&操作能取低位30位值也就是size值public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {    return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);}

measureSpec可以通过下面的方法生成

// 低30位size值和高2位mode值public static int makeMeasureSpec(int size,int mode) {    if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) {        return size + mode;    } else {        return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK);    }}

Demo

GitHub地址: GitHub
环境: Windows7+JAVA8
IDE: AndroidStdio2.2.2
compileSdkVersion:24
测试设备:Nexus5(6.0.1)

运行结果截图
屏幕高度分析

自定义View 重载onMeasure方法并输出日志

@Override    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)    {        int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);        int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);        int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);        int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);        DLDebug.debug(TAG, "onMeasure: ---->");        DLDebug.debug(TAG, "[width] " + "mode:" + ViewHelper.parseMeasureMode(widthMode) + " , size:" + widthSize);        DLDebug.debug(TAG, "[height] " + "mode:" + ViewHelper.parseMeasureMode(heightMode) + " , size:" + heightSize);        super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);        DLDebug.debug(TAG, "[result] " + getMeasuredWidth() + "," + getMeasuredHeight());        DLDebug.debug(TAG, "<----");    }
//XML源码<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><com.neulion.android.dl.customviewdemo.widget.DLFrameLayout        xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"        xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"        android:id="@+id/activity_main"        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="match_parent"        android:background="#ffffff"        tools:context="com.neulion.android.dl.customviewdemo.MainActivity">    <com.neulion.android.dl.customviewdemo.widget.DLCustomViewGroup            android:layout_width="match_parent"            android:layout_height="wrap_content"            android:background="#ffeb3b">        <com.neulion.android.dl.customviewdemo.widget.DLCustomView                android:layout_width="48dp"                android:layout_height="48dp"                android:background="#ff0000" />        <com.neulion.android.dl.customviewdemo.widget.DLCustomView                android:layout_width="48dp"                android:layout_height="48dp"                android:background="#00ff00" />        <com.neulion.android.dl.customviewdemo.widget.DLCustomView                android:layout_width="48dp"                android:layout_height="48dp"                android:background="#0000ff" />        <com.neulion.android.dl.customviewdemo.widget.DLCustomView                android:layout_width="48dp"                android:layout_height="48dp"                android:background="#000000" />    </com.neulion.android.dl.customviewdemo.widget.DLCustomViewGroup>    <com.neulion.android.dl.customviewdemo.widget.DLCustomView            android:id="@+id/dl_custom_view_exactly"            android:layout_width="48dp"            android:layout_height="48dp"            android:layout_gravity="left|center_vertical"            android:background="@color/colorAccent" />    <TextView            android:id="@+id/device_info"            android:layout_width="wrap_content"            android:layout_height="wrap_content"            android:layout_gravity="right|top|end"            android:minHeight="48dp"            android:maxWidth="240dp"            android:textSize="14dp"            android:textColor="#000000"            tools:ignore="SpUsage" /></com.neulion.android.dl.customviewdemo.widget.DLFrameLayout>

结果如下:

// onMeasure方法可能会被多次调用!12-08 14:48:03.489  I/DL_DLFrameLayout: onMeasure: ---->12-08 14:48:03.489  I/DL_DLFrameLayout: [width] mode:EXACTLY , size:1080(1080是当前ParentView及Activity根View允许其子View的最大值,DLFrameLayout宽高设置的是match_parent/wrap_content返回这个结果)12-08 14:48:03.489  I/DL_DLFrameLayout: [height] mode:EXACTLY , size:1392(这个值可以看出是屏幕的高-statusBar高度-actionBar高度-navigationBar高度的结果)12-08 14:48:03.489  I/DL_DLCustomViewGroup: onMeasure: ---->12-08 14:48:03.489  I/DL_DLCustomViewGroup: [width] mode:EXACTLY size:108012-08 14:48:03.489  I/DL_DLCustomViewGroup: [height] mode:AT_MOST size:139212-08 14:48:03.489  D/DL_DLCustomView: onMeasure: ---->12-08 14:48:03.489  D/DL_DLCustomView: [width] mode:EXACTLY , size:144 // DLCustomView中宽高设置的是48dp,返回这个结果12-08 14:48:03.489  D/DL_DLCustomView: [height] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.490  D/DL_DLCustomView: [result] 144,14412-08 14:48:03.490  D/DL_DLCustomView: <----12-08 14:48:03.490  D/DL_DLCustomView: onMeasure: ---->12-08 14:48:03.490  D/DL_DLCustomView: [width] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.490  D/DL_DLCustomView: [height] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.490  D/DL_DLCustomView: [result] 144,14412-08 14:48:03.490  D/DL_DLCustomView: <----12-08 14:48:03.490  D/DL_DLCustomView: onMeasure: ---->12-08 14:48:03.490  D/DL_DLCustomView: [width] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.490  D/DL_DLCustomView: [height] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.490  D/DL_DLCustomView: [result] 144,14412-08 14:48:03.490  D/DL_DLCustomView: <----12-08 14:48:03.490  D/DL_DLCustomView: onMeasure: ---->12-08 14:48:03.490  D/DL_DLCustomView: [width] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.490  D/DL_DLCustomView: [height] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.490  D/DL_DLCustomView: [result] 144,14412-08 14:48:03.490  D/DL_DLCustomView: <----12-08 14:48:03.490  I/DL_DLCustomViewGroup: [result] 1080,57612-08 14:48:03.490  I/DL_DLCustomViewGroup: <----12-08 14:48:03.490  D/DL_DLCustomView: onMeasure: ---->12-08 14:48:03.490  D/DL_DLCustomView: [width] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.490  D/DL_DLCustomView: [height] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.490  D/DL_DLCustomView: [result] 144,14412-08 14:48:03.490  D/DL_DLCustomView: <----12-08 14:48:03.508  I/DL_DLFrameLayout: [result] 1080,139212-08 14:48:03.508  I/DL_DLFrameLayout: <----12-08 14:48:03.557  I/DL_DLFrameLayout: onMeasure: ---->12-08 14:48:03.557  I/DL_DLFrameLayout: [width] mode:EXACTLY , size:108012-08 14:48:03.557  I/DL_DLFrameLayout: [height] mode:EXACTLY , size:153612-08 14:48:03.557  I/DL_DLCustomViewGroup: onMeasure: ---->12-08 14:48:03.557  I/DL_DLCustomViewGroup: [width] mode:EXACTLY size:108012-08 14:48:03.557  I/DL_DLCustomViewGroup: [height] mode:AT_MOST size:153612-08 14:48:03.557  D/DL_DLCustomView: onMeasure: ---->12-08 14:48:03.557  D/DL_DLCustomView: [width] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.557  D/DL_DLCustomView: [height] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.557  D/DL_DLCustomView: [result] 144,14412-08 14:48:03.557  D/DL_DLCustomView: <----12-08 14:48:03.557  D/DL_DLCustomView: onMeasure: ---->12-08 14:48:03.557  D/DL_DLCustomView: [width] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.557  D/DL_DLCustomView: [height] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.557  D/DL_DLCustomView: [result] 144,14412-08 14:48:03.557  D/DL_DLCustomView: <----12-08 14:48:03.557  D/DL_DLCustomView: onMeasure: ---->12-08 14:48:03.557  D/DL_DLCustomView: [width] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.557  D/DL_DLCustomView: [height] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.557  D/DL_DLCustomView: [result] 144,14412-08 14:48:03.557  D/DL_DLCustomView: <----12-08 14:48:03.557  D/DL_DLCustomView: onMeasure: ---->12-08 14:48:03.557  D/DL_DLCustomView: [width] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.558  D/DL_DLCustomView: [height] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.558  D/DL_DLCustomView: [result] 144,14412-08 14:48:03.558  D/DL_DLCustomView: <----12-08 14:48:03.558  I/DL_DLCustomViewGroup: [result] 1080,57612-08 14:48:03.558  I/DL_DLCustomViewGroup: <----12-08 14:48:03.558  D/DL_DLCustomView: onMeasure: ---->12-08 14:48:03.558  D/DL_DLCustomView: [width] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.558  D/DL_DLCustomView: [height] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.558  D/DL_DLCustomView: [result] 144,14412-08 14:48:03.558  D/DL_DLCustomView: <----12-08 14:48:03.558  I/DL_DLFrameLayout: [result] 1080,153612-08 14:48:03.558  I/DL_DLFrameLayout: <----12-08 14:48:03.558  I/DL_DLFrameLayout: onSizeChanged: 1080x1536 , old 0x012-08 14:48:03.559  I/DL_DLFrameLayout: onLayout: true [0,0,1080,1536]12-08 14:48:03.559  I/DL_DLCustomViewGroup: onSizeChanged: 1080x576 , old 0x012-08 14:48:03.559  I/DL_DLCustomViewGroup: onLayout: true [0,0,1080,576]12-08 14:48:03.559  D/DL_DLCustomView: onSizeChanged: 144x144 , old 0x012-08 14:48:03.559  D/DL_DLCustomView: onLayout: true [0,0,144,144]12-08 14:48:03.559  D/DL_DLCustomView: onSizeChanged: 144x144 , old 0x012-08 14:48:03.559  D/DL_DLCustomView: onLayout: true [144,144,288,288]12-08 14:48:03.559  D/DL_DLCustomView: onSizeChanged: 144x144 , old 0x012-08 14:48:03.559  D/DL_DLCustomView: onLayout: true [288,288,432,432]12-08 14:48:03.559  D/DL_DLCustomView: onSizeChanged: 144x144 , old 0x012-08 14:48:03.559  D/DL_DLCustomView: onLayout: true [432,432,576,576]12-08 14:48:03.559  D/DL_DLCustomView: onSizeChanged: 144x144 , old 0x012-08 14:48:03.559  D/DL_DLCustomView: onLayout: true [0,696,144,840]12-08 14:48:03.572  I/DL_DLFrameLayout: onMeasure: ---->12-08 14:48:03.572  I/DL_DLFrameLayout: [width] mode:EXACTLY , size:108012-08 14:48:03.572  I/DL_DLFrameLayout: [height] mode:EXACTLY , size:153612-08 14:48:03.572  I/DL_DLCustomViewGroup: onMeasure: ---->12-08 14:48:03.572  I/DL_DLCustomViewGroup: [width] mode:EXACTLY size:108012-08 14:48:03.572  I/DL_DLCustomViewGroup: [height] mode:AT_MOST size:153612-08 14:48:03.572  D/DL_DLCustomView: onMeasure: ---->12-08 14:48:03.572  D/DL_DLCustomView: [width] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.572  D/DL_DLCustomView: [height] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.572  D/DL_DLCustomView: [result] 144,14412-08 14:48:03.572  D/DL_DLCustomView: <----12-08 14:48:03.572  D/DL_DLCustomView: onMeasure: ---->12-08 14:48:03.572  D/DL_DLCustomView: [width] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.572  D/DL_DLCustomView: [height] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.572  D/DL_DLCustomView: [result] 144,14412-08 14:48:03.572  D/DL_DLCustomView: <----12-08 14:48:03.572  D/DL_DLCustomView: onMeasure: ---->12-08 14:48:03.572  D/DL_DLCustomView: [width] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.572  D/DL_DLCustomView: [height] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.572  D/DL_DLCustomView: [result] 144,14412-08 14:48:03.572  D/DL_DLCustomView: <----12-08 14:48:03.573  D/DL_DLCustomView: onMeasure: ---->12-08 14:48:03.573  D/DL_DLCustomView: [width] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.573  D/DL_DLCustomView: [height] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.573  D/DL_DLCustomView: [result] 144,14412-08 14:48:03.573  D/DL_DLCustomView: <----12-08 14:48:03.573  I/DL_DLCustomViewGroup: [result] 1080,57612-08 14:48:03.573  I/DL_DLCustomViewGroup: <----12-08 14:48:03.573  D/DL_DLCustomView: onMeasure: ---->12-08 14:48:03.573  D/DL_DLCustomView: [width] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.573  D/DL_DLCustomView: [height] mode:EXACTLY , size:14412-08 14:48:03.573  D/DL_DLCustomView: [result] 144,14412-08 14:48:03.573  D/DL_DLCustomView: <----12-08 14:48:03.574  I/DL_DLFrameLayout: [result] 1080,153612-08 14:48:03.574  I/DL_DLFrameLayout: <----12-08 14:48:03.574  I/DL_DLFrameLayout: onLayout: false [0,0,1080,1536]12-08 14:48:03.574  I/DL_DLCustomViewGroup: onLayout: false [0,0,1080,576]12-08 14:48:03.574  D/DL_DLCustomView: onLayout: false [0,0,144,144]12-08 14:48:03.574  D/DL_DLCustomView: onLayout: false [144,144,288,288]12-08 14:48:03.574  D/DL_DLCustomView: onLayout: false [288,288,432,432]12-08 14:48:03.574  D/DL_DLCustomView: onLayout: false [432,432,576,576]12-08 14:48:03.574  D/DL_DLCustomView: onLayout: false [0,696,144,840]12-08 14:48:03.575  I/DL_DLFrameLayout: onDraw12-08 14:48:03.575  I/DL_DLCustomViewGroup: onDraw12-08 14:48:03.575  D/DL_DLCustomView: onDraw12-08 14:48:03.575  D/DL_DLCustomView: onDraw12-08 14:48:03.576  D/DL_DLCustomView: onDraw12-08 14:48:03.576  D/DL_DLCustomView: onDraw12-08 14:48:03.576  D/DL_DLCustomView: onDraw

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