如何写好一片论文

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                                                               来自新东方

论文写作,内容是基础,表达是关键!语言表达对于英语非母语的作者来说,是非常容易出错的地方。如果一篇论文没有好的思想,语言表达又很烂,那文章几乎是不可能被接收的。所以,掌握必要的英文表达技巧对论文成功发表还是非常重要的。那英语表达具体要注意哪些问题?有哪些技巧可以学习呢?、

  时态表达

  英文表达有16种时态,论文中要用到的时态主要有一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时。比如在介绍研究方法、分析某个问题或提出某个论证时,使用一般现在时。在叙述对本人或他人近期的工作或认识时,采用一般过去时或过去完成时。叙述结论或提出建议时,可使用一般现在时以及使用may, should, could等助动词。

  例如,当提到本文、此图、此表等说明了、表达了什么时要用一般现在时,而不用一般过去时。This paper describes ……The focus of this paper is ……Figure 1 shows ……Most of the common condensation polymers are listed in Table 1-1.

  结论部分可以使用过去时强调过去的研究成果,采用现在时或将来时表达未来的研究方向或研究前景。Although the study found evidence of tillage and irrigation within the study area, from the data collected it was not possible to determine if the effects of agriculture upstream cause (or caused) higher levels of total nitrogen downstream. Further studies are therefore necessary to determine the effects of agriculture on the health of Stringybark Creek.

  连接词与逻辑

  写英文论文最常见的毛病是文章的逻辑不清楚,解决方法如下。

  (1)注意句子上下连贯,不能让句子独立。

  常见的连接词有,However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚,意思明确。写完一段英文,最好首先检查是否较好地应用了这些连接词。

  (2)注意段落布局的整体逻辑。

  经常我们要叙述一个问题的几个方面。在这种情况下,一定要注意文章整体的逻辑结构。

  第一段要明确告诉读者你要讨论几个部份……Therefore, there are three aspects of this problem have to be addressed. The first question involves……The second problem relates to……The third aspect deals with……清晰地把观点逐层叙述。也可以直接用First, Second, Third, Finally……当然,Furthermore, in addition等可以用来补充说明。

  (3)讨论部分的整体结构:小标题是把问题分为几个片段的好方法。

  讨论部分包括:主要数据及其特征的总结;主要结论及与前人观点的对比;本文的不足。

  注意在文章讨论部分不要刻意隐藏文章的缺陷,这是非常不明智的。虽然不足之处看起来不可取,但事实上给出不足反而是保护自己的文章的重要手段。

  研究的问题有点片面,讨论时一定要说,It should be noted that this study has examined only……We concentrate (focus) on only……We have to point out that we do not……Some limitations of this study are……

  结论有些不足,The results do not imply……The results can not be used to determine(or be taken as evidence of)……Unfortunately, we can not determine this from this data……Our results are lack of……但指出这些不足之后,一定要马上再次加强本文的重要性,以及可能采取的手段来解决这些不足,为别人或者自己的下一步研究打下伏笔。Not withstanding its limitation, this study does suggest……However, these problems could be solved if we consider……Despite its preliminary character, this study can clearly indicate……

  一些常用词汇用法

  research, study, investigate:research可做名词、动词,但通常做名词用,很少见到动词的用法。句中需要动词时常用study或investigate来表达。

  detail/detailed:The properties of this compound were studied in detail.//The detailed properties of this compound were studied.//The details of the properties of this compound were studied.

  follows/following:The results are as follows: ……//We got following results: ……

  increase, decrease:均可做名词和动词,We can observe an increase in the reaction rate.//The reaction rate increases.

  focus, concentrate:focus: n. , v. The focus of this paper is ……This paper focuses on ……Our study focuses on ……We focus our study on ……Our study is focused on ……concentrate: v. We concentrate our study on ……Our study is concentrated on ……

  effect, affect:effect: n. //affect: v.

  compose, consist:A is composed of B and C.//A consists of B and C.

  increase, improve:increase: 主要指数值上的增加。improve: 主要指性质的增加、改善。

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