2016_S&P_Hawk:The Blockchain Model of Cryptography and Privacy-Preserving Smart Contracts
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Hawk:The Blockchain Model of Cryptography and Privacy-Preserving Smart Contracts
Hawk:加密和保护隐私的智能合约的区块链模型(区块链是去中心的分布式记账系统。系统中的节点无需互相信任,通过统一的共识机制共同维护一份账本,每个节点都有一份完整的数据记录。区块链 Blockchain,成块(block)的交易通过密码学算法连接在一起,使得整个账本公开透明、可追踪、不可篡改。
智能合约就是一段用来直接控制电子资产交易的计算机代码。
智能合约与区块链的关系可以类比为手机应用与智能手机,智能手机为手机应用提供计算平台,而多样化的手机应用极大地丰富了智能手机的应用场景。与此相类似,智能合约可以和区块链技术无缝对接,使区块链可编程化、可定制化,智能合约因此赋予了区块链智能,使区块链可以突破汇款这一传统的应用,让区块链可以应用在更复杂的逻辑中。)
Abstract—Emerging smart contract systems over decentralized cryptocurrenciesallow mutually distrustful parties to transact safely without trusted thirdparties.
新兴智能合约系统通过分散的加密货币,允许相互不信任的双方在没有可信第三方的情况下安全交易。
In the event ofcontractual breaches or aborts, the decentralized blockchain ensures thathonest parties obtain commensurate compensation.
发生合同违反或中止时,分散区块链确保诚实的一方获得相应补偿。
Existing systems,however, lack transactional privacy. All transactions, including flow of moneybetween pseudonyms and amount transacted, are exposed on the blockchain.
然而,现有系统缺乏事务性的隐私。所有事务,包括假名之间的资金流动和交易数量,全部暴露在区块链上。(缺点)
We present, adecentralized smart contract system that does not store financial transactionsin the clear on the blockchain, thus retaining transactional privacy from thepublic’s view.
我们现在的Hawk,一个分散的智能合约系统,他不存储区块链上明确的金融交易,因此从公众的观点保留了事务隐私。(Hawk的优点)
A Hawk programmercan write a private smart contract in an intuitive manner without having toimplement cryptography, and our compiler automatically generates an efficientcryptographic protocol where contractual parties interact with the blockchain, usingcryptographic primitives such as zero-knowledge proofs.
一个Hawk程序员可以以直观的方式编写一个私人智能合约,无需实现加密。我们的编译器会自动生成一个高效的加密协议,在这里合同当事人与区块链交互,使用加密原语,如零知识证明。
To formally defineand reason about the security of our protocols, we are the first to formalizethe blockchain model of cryptography. The formal modeling is of independentinterest. We advocate the community to adopt such a formal model when designingapplications atop decentralized blockchains.
为了正式定义和推理我们协议的安全性,我们是第一个将加密区块链模型形式化的。正式的建模有独立的利益。我们提倡社区采取这样一个正式的模型,当在分散区块链之上设计应用程序时。
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