Python 调用C模块以及性能分析

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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/Xjng/p/5120853.html

一.c,ctypes和python的数据类型的对应关系

ctypes type ctype Python type
c_char char 1-character string
c_wchar wchar_t 1-character unicode string
c_byte char int/long
c_ubyte unsigned char int/long
c_short short int/long
c_ushort unsigned short int/long
c_int int int/long
c_uint unsigned int int/long
c_long long int/long
c_ulong unsigned long int/long
c_longlong __int64 or long long int/long
c_ulonglong unsigned __int64 or unsigned long long int/long
c_float float float
c_double double float
c_char_p char * (NUL terminated) string or None
c_wchar_p wchar_t * (NUL terminated) unicode or None
c_void_p void * int/long or None

2.操作int

>>> from ctypes import *>>> c=c_int(34)>>> cc_int(34)>>> c.value34>>> c.value=343>>> c.value343

3.操作字符串

>>> p=create_string_buffer(10)>>> p.raw'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'>>> p.value='fefefe'>>> p.raw'fefefe\x00\x00\x00\x00'>>> p.value='fefeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee'  #字符串太长,报错Traceback (most recent call last):  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>ValueError: string too long

4.操作指针

>>> i=c_int(999)>>> pi=pointer(i)>>> pi<__main__.LP_c_int object at 0x7f7be1983b00>>>> pi.valueTraceback (most recent call last):  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>AttributeError: 'LP_c_int' object has no attribute 'value'>>> pi.contentsc_int(999)>>> pi.contents=c_long(34343)>>> pi.contentsc_int(34343)
  • 通过pointer获取一个值的指针
  • 通过contents获取一个指针的值

5.c的结构体

#定义一个c的structure,包含两个成员变量x和y>>> class POINT(Structure):...     _fields_=[('x',c_int),('y',c_int)]... >>> point=POINT(2,4)>>> point<__main__.POINT object at 0x7f7be1983b90>>>> point.x,point.y(2, 4)>>> porint=POINT(y=2)>>> porint<__main__.POINT object at 0x7f7be1983cb0>>>> point=POINT(y=2) >>> point.x,point.y(0, 2)定义一个类型为POINT的数组>>> POINT_ARRAY=POINT*3>>> pa=POINT_ARRAY(POINT(2,3),POINT(2,4),POINT(2,5))>>> for i in pa:print pa.y... Traceback (most recent call last):  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>AttributeError: 'POINT_Array_3' object has no attribute 'y'>>> for i in pa:print i.y ... 345

6.访问so文件

1.创建一个c文件

#include <stdio.h>int hello_world(){    printf("Hello World\n");    return 0;}int main(){        hello_world();        return 0;}

2.编译成动态链接库

gcc hello_world.c  -fPIC -shared -o hello_world.so

3.python中调用库中的函数

from ctypes import cdllc_lib=cdll.LoadLibrary('./hello_world.so')c_lib.hello_world()

二.测试c的性能和python的差别

sum.c
#include

int sum(int num){    long sum=0;    int i =0;    for( i=1;i<=num;i++){        sum=sum+i;    };    return sum;}int main(){    printf("%d",sum(10));    return 0;}
  • 测试方案:计算1-100的和
  • 测试次数:100万次

    1. 直接用c来执行,通linux 的time命令来记录执行的用时

    sum.c:

    #include <stdio.h>int sum(int num){    long sum=0;    int i =0;    for( i=1;i<=num;i++){        sum=sum+i;    };    return sum;}int main(){    int i ;    for (i=0;i<1000000;i++){    sum(100);    }    return 0;

    测试结果的例子:

    real 1.16
    user 1.13
    sys 0.01

2.通过Python调用so文件和python的测试结果

sum_test.py:

def sum_python(num):    s = 0    for i in xrange(1,num+1):        s += i    return sfrom ctypes import cdllc_lib = cdll.LoadLibrary('./sum.so')def sum_c(num):    return c_lib.sum(num)def test(num):    import timeit    t1 = timeit.Timer('c_lib.sum(%d)' % num, 'from __main__ import c_lib')    t2 = timeit.Timer('sum_python(%d)' % num, 'from __main__ import sum_python')    print 'c', t1.timeit(number=1000000)    print 'python', t2.timeit(number=1000000)if __name__ == '__main__':    test(100)

测试结果的例子

c 1.02756714821python 7.90672802925

3.测试erlang的测试结果

刚刚学了erlang,那就一起测试一下erlang的运算性能
sum.erl:

-module(sum).-export([sum/2,sum_test/2]).sum(0,Sum) ->         Sum;sum(Num,Sum) ->        sum(Num-1,Sum+Num).sum_test(Num,0) ->        0;sum_test(Num,Times) ->        sum(Num,0),        sum_test(Num,Times-1).        

调用:

timer:tc(sum,sum_test,[100,1000000]).

测试结果的例子:

{2418486,0}

4.测试结果

用上面的测试方法,进行10次测试,去除最大值和最小值,再计算平均值,得出:

Python调用c原生的cPythonerlang0.950.488.472.43

单位:秒

  • 求和的运行,使用的内存比较小,但是占用CPU资源比较多。
  • 原生的C是最快的,Python调用c会稍微慢一点,原因是计算100的和的操作是在c里面做的,而执行100万次的逻辑是在python做的
  • erlang的性能虽然比c稍慢,但是也是不错的,
  • Python的运行效率惨不忍睹。。。

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