Oralce导入数据时提示ORA-12899错误value too large for column



从生产导出数据到测试,出现如下错误

ORA-02374: conversion error loading table "SWTONLINE"."TBL_TRANS_LOG_HISTORY_B"
 ORA-12899: value too large for column MER_ADDR_NAME (actual: 54, maximum: 40)

初步估计为字符集差异导致.中文在UTF-8里占3个字节，ZHS16GBK里占2个字节

查看测试库字符集

 代码如下 复制代码

sys@PROD>select * from V$NLS_PARAMETERS
   2  ;

PARAMETER                                                        VALUE
 ---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
 NLS_LANGUAGE                                                     SIMPLIFIED CHINESE
 NLS_TERRITORY                                                    CHINA
 NLS_CURRENCY                                                     ￥
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY                                                 CHINA
 NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS                                           .,
 NLS_CALENDAR                                                     GREGORIAN
 NLS_DATE_FORMAT                                                  DD-MON-RR
 NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE                                                SIMPLIFIED CHINESE
 NLS_CHARACTERSET                                                 AL32UTF8
 NLS_SORT                                                         BINARY
 NLS_TIME_FORMAT                                                  HH.MI.SSXFF AM
 NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT                                             DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM
 NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT                                               HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
 NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT                                          DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
 NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY                                                ￥
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET                                           AL16UTF16
 NLS_COMP                                                         BINARY
 NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS                                             BYTE
 NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP                                              FALSE

19 rows selected.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
 

查看生产库字符集

 代码如下 复制代码

sys@ORADB>select * from V$NLS_PARAMETERS;

PARAMETER                                                        VALUE
 ---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
 NLS_LANGUAGE                                                     AMERICAN
 NLS_TERRITORY                                                    AMERICA
 NLS_CURRENCY                                                     $
 NLS_ISO_CURRENCY                                                 AMERICA
 NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS                                           .,
 NLS_CALENDAR                                                     GREGORIAN
 NLS_DATE_FORMAT                                                  DD-MON-RR
 NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE                                                AMERICAN
 NLS_CHARACTERSET                                                 ZHS16GBK
 NLS_SORT                               (www.111cn.net)                          BINARY
 NLS_TIME_FORMAT                                                  HH.MI.SSXFF AM
 NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT                                             DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM
 NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT                                               HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
 NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT                                          DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
 NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY                                                $
 NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET                                           AL16UTF16
 NLS_COMP                                                         BINARY
 NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS                                             BYTE
 NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP                                              FALSE

19 rows selected.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
 

更改测试库的字符集和生产库一样

 代码如下 复制代码

sys@PROD>SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
 Database closed.
 Database dismounted.
 ORACLE instance shut down.
 sys@PROD>STARTUP MOUNT
 ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  939495424 bytes
 Fixed Size                  2233960 bytes
 Variable Size             671091096 bytes
 Database Buffers          260046848 bytes
 Redo Buffers                6123520 bytes
 Database mounted.
 sys@PROD>ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;

System altered.

Elapsed: 00:00:02.19
 sys@PROD>ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;

System altered.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.02
 sys@PROD>ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;

System altered.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
 sys@PROD>ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

Database altered.

Elapsed: 00:00:05.09
 sys@PROD>ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK ;
 ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
                *
 ERROR at line 1:
 ORA-00911: 无效字符

Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
 

---报字符集不兼容，此时用INTERNAL_USE指令不对字符集超集进行检查

 代码如下 复制代码

sys@PROD>ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK;

 Database altered.

Elapsed: 00:00:53.35
 

重新启动数据库,再次导入,即可成功.

 代码如下 复制代码

[oracle@idata ~]$  impdp  '/ as sysdba ' directory=backup dumpfile=cil_20130702.dmp logfile=cil_20130703.log table_exists_action=replace schemas=EPAYMENT,LOGSDB,PREPAID,RISK,SWTSETTLE,SWTONLINE
 

补充一下oracle字符编码问题

通常会查询NLS_CHARACTERSET（数据库字符集），NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET（国家字符集），应该要存储多种语言，需要字符集为UTF-8。
 

 代码如下 复制代码
SELECT * FROM V$NLS_PARAMETERS WHERE PARAMETER IN ('NLS_CHARACTERSET', 'NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET');
 

 
结果UTF-8，OK。
 
查看没问题的DB里 FieldA varchar2(10 char)
 
查看有问题的DB里 FieldA varchar2(10)
 
（没出现问题之前还真没注意到这两种定义是有区别的。。。）
 
UTF-8里一个中文字符是3 bytes，从上面的定义可以看出来，如果char/byte 定义导致的可存储数据长度相差很大了。
 
设置参数NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS可以在create table时对CHAR 或者VARCHAR2列指定使用字节（byte）或者字符（character）来定义长度。
 
NCHAR, NVARCHAR2, CLOB, and NCLOB 列都是基于字符（character）的。
 
NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS不会影响到SYS和SYSTEM用户表，数据字典定义都使用字节（byte）。
 
可以在定义列时候显示指定使用字节（byte）或者字符（character）来定义长度：
 
CHAR(10 BYTE)  - 无论NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS设置成什么，都使用字节（byte）。
 
CHAR(10 CHAR) - 无论NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS设置成什么，都使用字符（char）。