mysql dba系统学习（16）mysql的mysqldump备份 mysql dba系统学习（17）mysql的备份和恢复的完整实践

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mysql数据库的备份恢复

mysqldump备份数据库

-B, --databases Dump several databases. Note the difference in usage; in

this case no tables are given. All name arguments are

regarded as database names. 'USE db_name;' will be

included in the output.

-e, --extended-insert

Use multiple-row INSERT syntax that include several

VALUES lists. 多行插入数据

为了保证数据的一致性，我们要把表锁起来在dump

-F, --flush-logs Flush logs file in server before starting dump. Note that

if you dump many databases at once (using the option

--databases= or --all-databases), the logs will be

flushed for each database dumped. The exception is when

using --lock-all-tables or --master-data: in this case

the logs will be flushed only once, corresponding to the

moment all tables are locked. So if you want your dump

and the log flush to happen at the same exact moment you

should use --lock-all-tables or --master-data with

--flush-logs.

-x, --lock-all-tables

Locks all tables across all databases. This is achieved

by taking a global read lock for the duration of the

whole dump. Automatically turns --single-transaction and

--lock-tables off.

-l, --lock-tables Lock all tables for read.

--master-data[=#] This causes the binary log position and filename to be

appended to the output. If equal to 1, will print it as a

CHANGE MASTER command; if equal to 2, that command will

be prefixed with a comment symbol. This option will turn

--lock-all-tables on, unless --single-transaction is

specified too (in which case a global read lock is only

taken a short time at the beginning of the dump; don't

forget to read about --single-transaction below). In all

cases, any action on logs will happen at the exact moment

of the dump. Option automatically turns --lock-tables

off.

-t, --no-create-info

Don't write table creation info.

-d, --no-data No row information.

-N, --no-set-names Suppress the SET NAMES statement

--opt Same as --add-drop-table, --add-locks, --create-options,

--quick, --extended-insert, --lock-tables, --set-charset,

and --disable-keys. Enabled by default, disable with

--skip-opt.

-q, --quick Don't buffer query, dump directly to stdout. 不缓存

-R, --routines Dump stored routines (functions and procedures).

--single-transaction

Creates a consistent snapshot by dumping all tables in a

single transaction. Works ONLY for tables stored in

storage engines which support multiversioning (currently

only InnoDB does); the dump is NOT guaranteed to be

consistent for other storage engines. While a

--single-transaction dump is in process, to ensure a

valid dump file (correct table contents and binary log

position), no other connection should use the following

statements: ALTER TABLE, DROP TABLE, RENAME TABLE,

TRUNCATE TABLE, as consistent snapshot is not isolated

from them. Option automatically turns off --lock-tables.

--dump-date Put a dump date to the end of the output.

--skip-opt Disable --opt. Disables --add-drop-table, --add-locks,

--create-options, --quick, --extended-insert,

--lock-tables, --set-charset, and --disable-keys.

实践之非事务性一直备份(备份期间数据库不可写)

mysql> use test

mysql> create table tt(id int,name varchar(12));

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)

mysql> insert into tt values(1,'zz');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into tt values(2,'yy');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

[root@test4 Desktop]# mysqldump --databases test --skip-opt --quick --extended-insert=false --lock-all-tables --master-data=2 -u root -p123456 > /tmp/test.sql

这就是dump的结果

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[root@test4 Desktop]# cat /tmp/test.sql
-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.1.70, for unknown-linux-gnu (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database: test
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version   5.1.70-log
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
--
-- Position to start replication or point-in-time recovery from
--
-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysqlbin.000166', MASTER_LOG_POS=798;
--
-- Current Database: `test`
--
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `test` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;
USE `test`;
--
-- Table structure for table `tt`
--
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `tt` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` varchar(12) DEFAULT NULL
);
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
--
-- Dumping data for table `tt`
--
INSERT INTO `tt` VALUES (1,'zz');
INSERT INTO `tt` VALUES (2,'yy');
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;
-- Dump completed on 2013-09-05 20:15:38

由于我们dump的时候用了master-data参数，这个时候记录了日志位置和日志文件名

-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysqlbin.000166', MASTER_LOG_POS=798;

实践之事务性一直备份（备份期间数据库可写）

mysql> use test

mysql> create table tt(id int,name varchar(12)) engine=innodb ;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)

mysql> insert into tt values(1,'zz');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into tt values(2,'yy');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

[root@test4 Desktop]# mysqldump --databases test --skip-opt --quick --extended-insert=false --single-transaction --master-data=2 -u root -p123456 > /tmp/test.sql

mysql的备份和恢复的完整实践

一,备份数据库之间的环境设置

1，创建数据库test1，创建表tt插入如下数据

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mysql> create  database test1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> use test1
Database changed
mysql> create table tt(id int,name varchar(100),msg varchar(200)) engine=myisam;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)
mysql> insert into tt values(1,'chenzhongyang','how are you');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into tt values(2,'tianhongyan','BMW');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into tt values(3,'jisuanji','why');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

2，由于我设置的二进制日志文件的记录格式是row，所以每一行的数据改变就会记录一次日志

mysql>showvariableslike"%format%"

->;

+---------------------+-------------------+

|Variable_name|Value|

+---------------------+-------------------+

|binlog_format|ROW|

3，此时只有一个二进制日志文件

mysql>showbinarylogs;

+-----------------+-----------+

|Log_name|File_size|

+-----------------+-----------+

|mysqlbin.000161|1133|

+-----------------+-----------+

1rowinset(0.00sec)

4，查看二进制日志文件的内容

二进制日志文件end_log_pos1133

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[root@test4 ~]# mysqlbinlog '/tmp/mysqlbin.000161'
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
# at 588
#130905 22:26:42 server id 1  end_log_pos 658   Query   thread_id=7 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1378391202/*!*/;
COMMIT
/*!*/;
# at 658
#130905 22:27:15 server id 1  end_log_pos 727   Query   thread_id=7 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1378391235/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 727
# at 775
#130905 22:27:15 server id 1  end_log_pos 775   Table_map: `test1`.`tt` mapped to number 21
#130905 22:27:15 server id 1  end_log_pos 827   Write_rows: table id 21 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
w5QoUhMBAAAAMAAAAAcDAAAAABUAAAAAAAEABXRlc3QxAAJ0dAADAw8PBCwBWAIH
w5QoUhcBAAAANAAAADsDAAAAABUAAAAAAAEAA//4AgAAAAsAdGlhbmhvbmd5YW4DAEJNVw==
'/*!*/;
# at 827
#130905 22:27:15 server id 1  end_log_pos 897   Query   thread_id=7 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1378391235/*!*/;
COMMIT
/*!*/;
# at 897
#130905 22:27:56 server id 1  end_log_pos 966   Query   thread_id=7 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1378391276/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 966
# at 1014
#130905 22:27:56 server id 1  end_log_pos 1014  Table_map: `test1`.`tt` mapped to number 21
#130905 22:27:56 server id 1  end_log_pos 1063  Write_rows: table id 21 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
7JQoUhMBAAAAMAAAAPYDAAAAABUAAAAAAAEABXRlc3QxAAJ0dAADAw8PBCwBWAIH
7JQoUhcBAAAAMQAAACcEAAAAABUAAAAAAAEAA//4AwAAAAgAamlzdWFuamkDAHdoeQ==
'/*!*/;
# at 1063
#130905 22:27:56 server id 1  end_log_pos 1133  Query   thread_id=7 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1378391276/*!*/;
COMMIT
/*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */;
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;

二，备份数据库test1

1，mysqldump备份数据库

[root@test4~]#mysqldump--databasestest1--skip-opt--quick--extended-insert=false--lock-all-tables--master-data=2-uroot-p123456>/tmp/test1.sql

2，查看备份文件

我们发现这个时候记录的开始位置正好是1133，如下就是证明

CHANGEMASTERTOMASTER_LOG_FILE='mysqlbin.000161',MASTER_LOG_POS=1133;

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[root@test4 ~]# cat /tmp/test1.sql
-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.1.70, for unknown-linux-gnu (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database: test1
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version   5.1.70-log
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
--
-- Position to start replication or point-in-time recovery from
--
-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysqlbin.000161', MASTER_LOG_POS=1133;
--
-- Current Database: `test1`
--
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `test1` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;
USE `test1`;
--
-- Table structure for table `tt`
--
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `tt` (
`id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`msg` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL
);
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
--
-- Dumping data for table `tt`
--
INSERT INTO `tt` VALUES (1,'chenzhongyang','how are you');
INSERT INTO `tt` VALUES (2,'tianhongyan','BMW');
INSERT INTO `tt` VALUES (3,'jisuanji','why');
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;
-- Dump completed on 2013-09-05 22:48:50

三，对表进行修改插入数据然后误删表

由于我们不小心把表tt给删除了，那么我们就要把表tt通过二进制日志给恢复过来

mysql>insertintottvalues(4,'shuijunyi','boss');

QueryOK,1rowaffected(0.01sec)

mysql>insertintottvalues(5,'zhujun','mayIknowyourname');

QueryOK,1rowaffected(0.00sec)

mysql>select*fromtt;

+------+---------------+----------------------+

|id|name|msg|

+------+---------------+----------------------+

|1|chenzhongyang|howareyou|

|2|tianhongyan|BMW|

|3|jisuanji|why|

|4|shuijunyi|boss|

|5|zhujun|mayIknowyourname|

+------+---------------+----------------------+

5rowsinset(0.01sec)

mysql>droptablett;

QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.00sec)

四，查看执行误操作的位置

通过showmasterstatus;可以查看当前的二进制日志文件的位置

mysql>showmasterstatus;

+-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

+-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

|mysqlbin.000161|1622|||

+-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

1rowinset(0.00sec)

我们可以看到droptablett的开始位置是1622所以只需要恢复到1622的位置就可以恢复误删除的表tt

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mysql>  show binlog events  in 'mysqlbin.000161'
-> ;
| mysqlbin.000161 | 1250 | Write_rows  |         1 |        1301 | table_id: 22 flags: STMT_END_F                                                        |
| mysqlbin.000161 | 1301 | Query       |         1 |        1371 | COMMIT                                                                                |
| mysqlbin.000161 | 1371 | Query       |         1 |        1440 | BEGIN                                                                                 |
| mysqlbin.000161 | 1440 | Table_map   |         1 |        1488 | table_id: 22 (test1.tt)                                                               |
| mysqlbin.000161 | 1488 | Write_rows  |         1 |        1552 | table_id: 22 flags: STMT_END_F                                                        |
| mysqlbin.000161 | 1552 | Query       |         1 |        1622 | COMMIT                                                                                |
| mysqlbin.000161 | 1622 | Query       |         1 |        1699 | use `test1`; drop table tt                                                            |
| mysqlbin.000161 | 1699 | Rotate      |         1 |        1741 | mysqlbin.000162;pos=4                                                                 |
+-----------------+------+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
26 rows in set (0.00 sec)

五，还原数据库

这个时候我们发现只恢复了三条数据，但是我们一共有五条数据，这个时候就要通过二进制日志文件来恢复了。

注意的是当我们在恢复数据库的时候也会产生二进制日志文件，所以一定要分清楚备份前的二进制日志文件和恢复之后的二进制日志文件

mysql>dropdatabasetest1;

QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.00sec)

mysql>showdatabases;

+--------------------+

|Database|

+--------------------+

|information_schema|

|mysql|

|test|

+--------------------+

3rowsinset(0.00sec)

[root@test4~]#mysql-uroot-p123456</tmp/test1.sql

mysql>showdatabases;

+--------------------+

|Database|

+--------------------+

|information_schema|

|mysql|

|test|

|test1|

+--------------------+

4rowsinset(0.00sec)

mysql>usetest1

Databasechanged

mysql>select*fromtt;

+------+---------------+-------------+

|id|name|msg|

+------+---------------+-------------+

|1|chenzhongyang|howareyou|

|2|tianhongyan|BMW|

|3|jisuanji|why|

+------+---------------+-------------+

3rowsinset(0.00sec)

六，恢复到误操作之前恢复其他的两条数据

这是时候恢复就要从开始备份的位置到删除表位置。因为这个位置是插入另外两条数据的位置

我们可以很清楚的看到这两条数据

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[root@test4 ~]# mysqlbinlog  -p123456 --start-position=1133 --stop-position=1622  -vv  /tmp/mysqlbin.000161
/*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
#130905 21:02:49 server id 1  end_log_pos 106   Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.1.70-log created 130905 21:02:49 at startup
ROLLBACK/*!*/;
BINLOG '
+YAoUg8BAAAAZgAAAGoAAAAAAAQANS4xLjcwLWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD5gChSEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAUwAEGggAAAAICAgC
'/*!*/;
# at 1133
#130905 23:06:50 server id 1  end_log_pos 1202  Query   thread_id=7 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1378393610/*!*/;
SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=7/*!*/;
SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=1, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;
SET @@session.sql_mode=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;
/*!\C utf8 *//*!*/;
SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=33/*!*/;
SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 1202
# at 1250
#130905 23:06:50 server id 1  end_log_pos 1250  Table_map: `test1`.`tt` mapped to number 22
#130905 23:06:50 server id 1  end_log_pos 1301  Write_rows: table id 22 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
Cp4oUhMBAAAAMAAAAOIEAAAAABYAAAAAAAEABXRlc3QxAAJ0dAADAw8PBCwBWAIH
Cp4oUhcBAAAAMwAAABUFAAAAABYAAAAAAAEAA//4BAAAAAkAc2h1aWp1bnlpBABib3Nz
'/*!*/;
### INSERT INTO `test1`.`tt`
### SET
###   @1=4 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
###   @2='shuijunyi' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
###   @3='boss' /* VARSTRING(600) meta=600 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
# at 1301
#130905 23:06:50 server id 1  end_log_pos 1371  Query   thread_id=7 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1378393610/*!*/;
COMMIT
/*!*/;
# at 1371
#130905 23:07:39 server id 1  end_log_pos 1440  Query   thread_id=7 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1378393659/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 1440
# at 1488
#130905 23:07:39 server id 1  end_log_pos 1488  Table_map: `test1`.`tt` mapped to number 22
#130905 23:07:39 server id 1  end_log_pos 1552  Write_rows: table id 22 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
O54oUhMBAAAAMAAAANAFAAAAABYAAAAAAAEABXRlc3QxAAJ0dAADAw8PBCwBWAIH
O54oUhcBAAAAQAAAABAGAAAAABYAAAAAAAEAA//4BQAAAAYAemh1anVuFABtYXkgSSBrbm93IHlv
dXIgbmFtZQ==
'/*!*/;
### INSERT INTO `test1`.`tt`
### SET
###   @1=5 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
###   @2='zhujun' /* VARSTRING(300) meta=300 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
###   @3='may I know your name' /* VARSTRING(600) meta=600 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
# at 1552
#130905 23:07:39 server id 1  end_log_pos 1622  Query   thread_id=7 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1378393659/*!*/;
COMMIT
/*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */;
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;