python抓取需要登录网站数据的方法总结

scrapy.FormRequest

login.py

class LoginSpider(scrapy.Spider):    name = 'login_spider'    start_urls = ['http://www.login.com']    def parse(self, response):        return [            scrapy.FormRequest.from_response(                    response,                    # username和password要根据实际页面的表单的name字段进行修改                    formdata={'username': 'your_username', 'password': 'your_password'},                    callback=self.after_login)]    def after_login(self, response):        # 登录后的代码        pass

selenium登录获取cookie

get_cookie_by_selenium.py

import pickleimport timefrom selenium import webdriverdef get_cookies():    url = 'https://www.test.com'    web_driver = webdriver.Chrome()    web_driver.get(url)    username = web_driver.find_element_by_id('login-email')    username.send_keys('username')    password = web_driver.find_element_by_id('login-password')    password.send_keys('password')    login_button = web_driver.find_element_by_id('login-submit')    login_button.click()    time.sleep(3)    cookies = web_driver.get_cookies()    web_driver.close()    return cookiesif __name__ == '__main__':    cookies = get_cookies()    pickle.dump(cookies, open('cookies.pkl', 'wb'))

获取浏览器cookie(以Ubuntu的Firefox为例)

get_cookie_by_firefox.py

import sqlite3import pickledef get_cookie_by_firefox():    cookie_path = '/home/name/.mozilla/firefox/bqtvfe08.default/cookies.sqlite'    with sqlite3.connect(cookie_path) as conn:        sql = 'select name,value from moz_cookies where baseDomain="test.com"'        cur = conn.cursor()        cookies = [{'name': name, 'value': value} for name, value in cur.execute(sql).fetchall()]        return cookiesif __name__ == '__main__':    cookies = get_cookie_from_firefox()    pickle.dump(cookies, open('cookies.pkl', 'wb'))

scrapy使用获取后的cookie

cookies = pickle.load(open('cookies.pkl', 'rb'))yield scrapy.Request(url, cookies=cookies, callback=self.parse)

requests使用获取后的cookie

cookies = pickle.load(open('cookies.pkl', 'rb'))s = requests.Session()for cookie in cookies:    s.cookies.set(cookie['name'], cookie['value'])

selenium使用获取后的cookie

from selenium import webdrivercookies = pickle.load(open('cookies.pkl', 'rb'))w = webdriver.Chrome()# 直接添加cookie会报错，下面是一种解决方案，可能有更好的# -- start --w.get('http://www.test.com')w.delete_all_cookies()# -- end --for cookie in cookies:    w.add_cookie(cookie)