Centos MySQL 5.7 安装、升级详细教程

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卸载当前的 MySQL

查看当前 MySQL 版本:
[root@coderknock ~]# mysql -Vmysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (i386) using readline 5.1
停止 MySQL 服务
[root@coderknock ~]# service mysqld stopStopping mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]
备份数据【数据不重要可以忽略】

备份数据库,升级MySQL通常不会丢失数据,但保险起见,我们需要做这一步。输入命令:

[root@coderknock ~]# mysqldump -u xxx -h xxx -P 3306 -p --all-databases > databases.sql
卸载旧版本 MySQL
[root@coderknock ~]# yum remove mysql mysql-*Loaded plugins: securitySetting up Remove ProcessResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package mysql.i686 0:5.1.73-7.el6 will be erased---> Package mysql-libs.i686 0:5.1.73-7.el6 will be erased--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16 for package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.i686--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16 for package: perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.i686--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16) for package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.i686--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16) for package: perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.i686--> Processing Dependency: mysql-libs for package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.i686---> Package mysql-server.i686 0:5.1.73-7.el6 will be erased--> Running transaction check---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.i686 0:4.013-3.el6 will be erased---> Package postfix.i686 2:2.6.6-6.el6_7.1 will be erased--> Processing Dependency: /usr/sbin/sendmail for package: cronie-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.i686--> Processing Dependency: /usr/sbin/sendmail for package: redhat-lsb-core-4.0-7.el6.centos.i686--> Running transaction check---> Package cronie.i686 0:1.4.4-16.el6_8.2 will be erased--> Processing Dependency: cronie = 1.4.4-16.el6_8.2 for package: cronie-anacron-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.i686---> Package redhat-lsb-core.i686 0:4.0-7.el6.centos will be erased--> Running transaction check---> Package cronie-anacron.i686 0:1.4.4-16.el6_8.2 will be erased--> Processing Dependency: /etc/cron.d for package: crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch--> Processing Dependency: /etc/cron.d for package: sysstat-9.0.4-31.el6.i686--> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.--> Running transaction check---> Package crontabs.noarch 0:1.10-33.el6 will be erased---> Package sysstat.i686 0:9.0.4-31.el6 will be erased--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved======================================================================================================================================================================================================= Package                                     Arch                               Version                                       Repository                                                          Size=======================================================================================================================================================================================================Removing: mysql                                       i686                               5.1.73-7.el6                                  @base                                                              2.3 M mysql-libs                                  i686                               5.1.73-7.el6                                  @base                                                              3.9 M mysql-server                                i686                               5.1.73-7.el6                                  @base                                                               24 MRemoving for dependencies: cronie                                      i686                               1.4.4-16.el6_8.2                              @updates                                                           169 k cronie-anacron                              i686                               1.4.4-16.el6_8.2                              @updates                                                            38 k crontabs                                    noarch                             1.10-33.el6                                   @anaconda-CentOS-201311291201.i386/6.5                             2.4 k perl-DBD-MySQL                              i686                               4.013-3.el6                                   @base                                                              341 k postfix                                     i686                               2:2.6.6-6.el6_7.1                             @base                                                              9.3 M redhat-lsb-core                             i686                               4.0-7.el6.centos                              @anaconda-CentOS-201311291201.i386/6.5                              22 k sysstat                                     i686                               9.0.4-31.el6                                  @base                                                              804 kTransaction Summary=======================================================================================================================================================================================================Remove       10 Package(s)Installed size: 41 MIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:Running rpm_check_debugRunning Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning Transaction  Erasing    : mysql-server-5.1.73-7.el6.i686                                                                                                                                                     1/10 warning: /var/log/mysqld.log saved as /var/log/mysqld.log.rpmsave  Erasing    : redhat-lsb-core-4.0-7.el6.centos.i686                                                                                                                                              2/10 /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.Y5QGjy: line 1: lsb_release: command not found  Erasing    : mysql-5.1.73-7.el6.i686                                                                                                                                                            3/10   Erasing    : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.i686                                                                                                                                                    4/10   Erasing    : sysstat-9.0.4-31.el6.i686                                                                                                                                                          5/10   Erasing    : crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch                                                                                                                                                        6/10   Erasing    : cronie-anacron-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.i686                                                                                                                                               7/10   Erasing    : cronie-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.i686                                                                                                                                                       8/10   Erasing    : 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.i686                                                                                                                                                     9/10   Erasing    : mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.i686                                                                                                                                                      10/10   Verifying  : redhat-lsb-core-4.0-7.el6.centos.i686                                                                                                                                              1/10   Verifying  : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.i686                                                                                                                                                    2/10   Verifying  : mysql-server-5.1.73-7.el6.i686                                                                                                                                                     3/10   Verifying  : crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch                                                                                                                                                        4/10   Verifying  : sysstat-9.0.4-31.el6.i686                                                                                                                                                          5/10   Verifying  : cronie-anacron-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.i686                                                                                                                                               6/10   Verifying  : cronie-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.i686                                                                                                                                                       7/10   Verifying  : mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.i686                                                                                                                                                       8/10   Verifying  : mysql-5.1.73-7.el6.i686                                                                                                                                                            9/10   Verifying  : 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.i686                                                                                                                                                    10/10 Removed:  mysql.i686 0:5.1.73-7.el6                                     mysql-libs.i686 0:5.1.73-7.el6                                     mysql-server.i686 0:5.1.73-7.el6                                    Dependency Removed:  cronie.i686 0:1.4.4-16.el6_8.2              cronie-anacron.i686 0:1.4.4-16.el6_8.2     crontabs.noarch 0:1.10-33.el6     perl-DBD-MySQL.i686 0:4.013-3.el6     postfix.i686 2:2.6.6-6.el6_7.1      redhat-lsb-core.i686 0:4.0-7.el6.centos     sysstat.i686 0:9.0.4-31.el6               Complete!

这样就卸载完成了,为了保险起见我们检查一下系统中是否还有 MySQL 相关内容没有删除干净

[root@coderknock ~]# yum list installed | grep mysql[root@coderknock ~]# 

上面的情况是没有未删除部分,如果有的话可通过下面的命令删除:

[root@coderknock ~]# yum remove mysql-libs

下载最新版本的 MySQL

查看系统配置信息选择对应 MySQL 包
[root@coderknock ~]# uname  -r 3.10.104-1.el6.elrepo.i686

在浏览器打开 sohu提供的 MySQL 镜像(官网速度太慢)

sohu MySQL 目录
然后根据自己系统配置选择对应的 rpm 包,右键复制文件链接,我的选择如下:

根据自己系统配置选择对应的 rpm 包

下载并解压
[root@coderknock ~]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm-bundle.tar--2017-01-06 22:46:15--  http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm-bundle.tarResolving mirrors.sohu.com... 119.188.36.70Connecting to mirrors.sohu.com|119.188.36.70|:80... connected.HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OKLength: 448163840 (427M) [application/octet-stream]Saving to: “mysql-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm-bundle.tar100%[=============================================================================================================================================================>] 448,163,840 9.98M/s   in 45s     2017-01-06 22:47:00 (9.54 MB/s) - “mysql-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm-bundle.tar” saved [448163840/448163840][root@coderknock ~]# tar xvf mysql-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm-bundle.tar mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpmmysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpmmysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpmmysql-community-devel-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpmmysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpmmysql-community-test-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpmmysql-community-embedded-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpmmysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpmmysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm

安装及配置

安装 rpm 【有依赖关系,请按下面的步骤安装,搜索 [root@coderknock ~]# 可跳过安装日志直接查看相关命令】
[root@coderknock ~]# yum localinstall mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm Loaded plugins: securitySetting up Local Package ProcessExamining mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm: mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686Marking mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm to be installedResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package mysql-community-common.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved======================================================================================================================================================================================================= Package                                           Arch                            Version                                  Repository                                                            Size=======================================================================================================================================================================================================Installing: mysql-community-common                            i686                            5.7.17-1.el6                             /mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                            2.5 MTransaction Summary=======================================================================================================================================================================================================Install       1 Package(s)Total size: 2.5 MInstalled size: 2.5 MIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:Running rpm_check_debugRunning Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning Transaction  Installing : mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                                                                                                                                            1/1   Verifying  : mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                                                                                                                                            1/1 Installed:  mysql-community-common.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6                                                                                                                                                           Complete![root@coderknock ~]# yum localinstall mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm Loaded plugins: securitySetting up Local Package ProcessExamining mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm: mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686Marking mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm to be installedResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package mysql-community-libs.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved======================================================================================================================================================================================================= Package                                          Arch                             Version                                   Repository                                                           Size=======================================================================================================================================================================================================Installing: mysql-community-libs                             i686                             5.7.17-1.el6                              /mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                             7.8 MTransaction Summary=======================================================================================================================================================================================================Install       1 Package(s)Total size: 7.8 MInstalled size: 7.8 MIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:Running rpm_check_debugRunning Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning Transaction  Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                                                                                                                                              1/1   Verifying  : mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                                                                                                                                              1/1 Installed:  mysql-community-libs.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6                                                                                                                                                             Complete![root@coderknock ~]# yum localinstall mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm Loaded plugins: securitySetting up Local Package ProcessExamining mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm: mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686Marking mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm to be installedResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package mysql-community-client.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved======================================================================================================================================================================================================= Package                                           Arch                            Version                                  Repository                                                            Size=======================================================================================================================================================================================================Installing: mysql-community-client                            i686                            5.7.17-1.el6                             /mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                             87 MTransaction Summary=======================================================================================================================================================================================================Install       1 Package(s)Total size: 87 MInstalled size: 87 MIs this ok [y/N]: ^[[A^HyIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:Running rpm_check_debugRunning Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning Transaction  Installing : mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                                                                                                                                            1/1   Verifying  : mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                                                                                                                                            1/1 Installed:  mysql-community-client.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6                                                                                                                                                           Complete![root@coderknock ~]# yum localinstall mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm Loaded plugins: securitySetting up Local Package ProcessExamining mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm: mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686Marking mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm to be installedResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package mysql-community-server.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved======================================================================================================================================================================================================= Package                                           Arch                            Version                                  Repository                                                            Size=======================================================================================================================================================================================================Installing: mysql-community-server                            i686                            5.7.17-1.el6                             /mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                            695 MTransaction Summary=======================================================================================================================================================================================================Install       1 Package(s)Total size: 695 MInstalled size: 695 MIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:Running rpm_check_debugRunning Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning Transaction  Installing : mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                                                                                                                                            1/1   Verifying  : mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                                                                                                                                            1/1 Installed:  mysql-community-server.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6                                                                                                                                                           Complete!
配置

查看版本

[root@coderknock ~]# mysql -Vmysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.17, for Linux (i686) using  EditLine wrapper

启动 MySQL

[root@coderknock ~]# service mysqld startMySQL Daemon failed to start.Starting mysqld:                                           [FAILED]

上面的情况说明启动失败,这是因为经过上面的步骤,MySQL 最新版已经安装到我们的系统了,但这是还没有初始化数据,所以导致无法启动。

初始化数据库

[root@coderknock ~]# mysqld --initialize

如果遇到错误如下:

2017-01-06T14:53:08.889803Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).2017-01-06T14:53:08.892190Z 0 [ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.2017-01-06T14:53:08.892475Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting

可以运行以下命令【无需再执行 mysqld --initialize】:

[root@coderknock ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql[root@coderknock ~]# service mysqld startInitializing MySQL database:                         [  OK  ]Installing validate password plugin:                       [  OK  ]Starting mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]

这样我们就启动了 MySQL 服务

MySQL 无法登陆的解决办法

登录时我遇到了一些问题:

[root@coderknock ~]# mysql -u root -pEnter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

这是因较新版本的 MySQL 因为安全的考虑,会设置默认密码

[root@coderknock ~]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log2017-01-06T14:53:33.490540Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Ei(GLix_p6/1

这样就找到了密码,如果上面方法不可行可以看看是否有 /root/.mysql_secret 文件

或者通过以下方法直接修改密码:

[root@coderknock ~]# service mysqld stopStopping mysqld:                                           [  OK  ][root@coderknock ~]# mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &[1] 14208[root@coderknock ~]# 2017-01-06T15:02:18.663496Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.2017-01-06T15:02:18.666764Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.2017-01-06T15:02:18.693025Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql^C[root@coderknock ~]# mysql -u root mysqlReading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -AWelcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 3Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql>update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('你的密码.') where User='root';Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1mysql> flush privileges;mysql> update mysql.user set Host='%' where User='root'Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1mysql> flush privileges;

注意SQL在Linux下要注意大小写,执行之后Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec),row 之前是1才代表执行成功了。update mysql.user set Host='%' where User='root' 这句是为了别的 IP 的机器也可以登录我们的MySQL,可以按需执行

重置密码

无论是获取到了默认密码还是强行修改了密码。新版 MySQL 在第一次通过密码登录后会无法执行SQL:

mysql> select host from mysql.user where User='root';ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

这是因为 MySQL 为了安全会要求修改初始密码。

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '你的密码';

如果遇到ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements说明你的密码太简单,需要设置复杂点的密码,有大小写字母、有数字、有标点基本上就可以通过。
注意,如果你没有修改过 root 用户的Host或者修改为非 % 的字符,需要对上面的语句进行对应的修改,例如: ALTER USER ‘root’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘你的密码’

如果遇到ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement 则需要退出安全模式,正常启动MySQL后登陆再进行以上操作:

mysql> quit[root@coderknock ~]# ps -ef|grep mysqlroot     14208 12686  0 23:02 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networkingmysql    14381 14208  0 23:02 pts/0    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sockroot     15148 12686  0 23:23 pts/0    00:00:00 grep mysql[root@coderknock ~]# kill -9 114208-bash: kill: (114208) - No such process[root@coderknock ~]# kill -9 14208[1]+  Killed                  mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking[root@coderknock ~]# kill -9 1438[root@coderknock ~]# service mysqld start[root@coderknock ~]# mysql -u root mysql

如有问题可以留下你的评论,或加入 拿客 中的qq群咨询。

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