Android 6.0权限问题

来源：互联网发布：微商城商业模式算法编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/16 06:01

概述

android6.0出来也有好一阵子了，现在市面的部分手机已经开始搭载android7.0+的系统了，考虑到新系统市场占有率越来越多，还是要把6.0的权限问题“亡羊补牢”一下吧。

一、效果图

效果图

二、权限的分类

新的权限机制更好的保护了用户的隐私，Google将权限分为两类，一类是Normal Permissions，这类权限一般不涉及用户隐私，是不需要用户进行授权的，比如手机震动、访问网络等；另一类是Dangerous Permission，一般是涉及到用户隐私的，需要用户进行授权，比如打电话，读取sdcard、访问通讯录等。这里具体说一下Dangerous权限。

权限组
可以发现危险权限是分组的，总共有9组，同一组的任何一个权限被授权了，其他权限也自动被授权。例如，一旦WRITE_CONTACTS被授权了，app也就同时获得了READ_CONTACTS和GET_ACCOUNTS的权限了。

三、申请单个权限

我们不但需要在代码中动态请求，还要事先在AndroidManifest.xml文件中声明我们需要使用的权限，代码中动态去请求一个未声明的权限，App会崩溃掉的。
AndroidManifest.xml内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    package="com.shi.androidstudio.permission">    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" />    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" />    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS" />    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />    <application        android:allowBackup="true"        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"        android:label="@string/app_name"        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">            <intent-filter>                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />            </intent-filter>        </activity>        <activity android:name=".CameraActivity" />        <activity android:name=".MultiPermissionActivity"/>    </application></manifest>

四、申请单个权限

申请打开照相机的权限并打开照相机CameraActivity.java代码：

package com.shi.androidstudio.permission;import android.Manifest;import android.content.DialogInterface;import android.content.Intent;import android.content.pm.PackageManager;import android.net.Uri;import android.os.Bundle;import android.provider.MediaStore;import android.provider.Settings;import android.support.annotation.NonNull;import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog;import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;import android.view.View;import android.widget.Button;public class CameraActivity extends AppCompatActivity {    int MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS = 1;    private Button btn_openCamera;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_camera);        btn_openCamera = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_openCamera);        btn_openCamera.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(View v) {                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(CameraActivity.this,                        Manifest.permission.CAMERA)                        != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {                    //正常申请权限                    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(CameraActivity.this,                            new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA},                            MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);                }else{                    ToastUtil.show(CameraActivity.this, "已经授予权限");                    openCamera();                }            }        });    }    private void showMessageOKCancel(String message, DialogInterface.OnClickListener okListener) {        new AlertDialog.Builder(CameraActivity.this)                .setMessage(message)                .setPositiveButton("OK", okListener)                .setNegativeButton("Cancel", null)                .create()                .show();    }    @Override    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);        if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {            openCamera();        }        if(requestCode == MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS){            if (grantResults.length > 0  && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {                openCamera();            }else{                //如果app之前请求过该权限,被用户拒绝, 这个方法就会返回true.                //如果用户之前拒绝权限的时候勾选了对话框中”Don’t ask again”的选项,那么这个方法会返回false.                //如果设备策略禁止应用拥有这条权限, 这个方法也返回false.                //默认的，第一次打开APP，这个方法也返回false                boolean flag = ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(CameraActivity.this,                        Manifest.permission.CAMERA);                if (!flag) {                    showMessageOKCancel("请授权", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                        @Override                        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                            // 用户拒绝授权并选择了不再提示                            ToastUtil.show(CameraActivity.this,"请进行手动授权");                            // 帮跳转到该应用的设置界面，让用户手动授权                            Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);                            Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", getPackageName(), null);                            intent.setData(uri);                            startActivity(intent);                        }                    });                }else{                    SnackBarUtil.show(btn_openCamera, "授权失败");                }            }        }    }    /**     * 打开照相机     */    void openCamera() {            Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);            startActivity(intent);    }}

五、申请多个权限

MultiPermissionActivity.java代码：

package com.shi.androidstudio.permission;import android.Manifest;import android.content.DialogInterface;import android.content.pm.PackageManager;import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog;import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.View;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.Toast;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;public class MultiPermissionActivity extends AppCompatActivity {    int MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_MULTI_CODE = 0;    Button btn_callPhone;    //被用户拒绝并勾选了不再提示选项    final List<String> permissionsNeedRequest = new ArrayList<String>();    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_multi_permission);        btn_callPhone = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_callPhone);        btn_callPhone.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(View v) {                getPermissions();            }        });    }    private void getPermissions(){        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();        list.add(Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS);        list.add(Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS);        list.add(Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE);        list.add(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);        permissionRequest(list);    }    /**     *  检测用户是否勾选了不再提示选项,拒绝了返回false，没有拒绝返回true     **/    private void permissionRequest(List<String> permissionsList) {        permissionsNeedRequest.clear();        for (int i=0; i<permissionsList.size(); i++){            String permission = permissionsList.get(i);            //检测用户是否示已经授权该权限            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission( MultiPermissionActivity.this, permission) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {                permissionsNeedRequest.add(permission);            }        }        if(permissionsNeedRequest.size() > 0){            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions( MultiPermissionActivity.this, permissionsNeedRequest.toArray(new String[permissionsNeedRequest.size()]),                    MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_MULTI_CODE);        }else{            Toast.makeText(MultiPermissionActivity.this, "权限全部申请成功了", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)                    .show();        }    }    private void showMessageOKCancel(String message, DialogInterface.OnClickListener okListener) {        new AlertDialog.Builder(MultiPermissionActivity.this)                .setMessage(message)                .setPositiveButton("OK", okListener)                .setNegativeButton("Cancel", null)                .create()                .show();    }//    String message = "";//    for (int i = 0; i < permissionsNeedRequest.size(); i++){//        if(i == 0){//            message += "请授权" + permissionsNeedRequest.get(i);//        }else{//            message += ", " + permissionsNeedRequest.get(i);//        }//    }    @Override    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {            if(MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_MULTI_CODE == requestCode)            {                //初始化,防止NullPointerException                Map<String, Integer> perms = new HashMap<String, Integer>();                perms.put(Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE, PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED);                perms.put(Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS, PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED);                perms.put(Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS, PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED);                perms.put(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED);                // Fill with results                for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++)                perms.put(permissions[i], grantResults[i]);                // Check for ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION                if (perms.get(Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED                && perms.get(Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED                && perms.get(Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED                && perms.get(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)                {                    // All Permissions Granted                    Toast.makeText(MultiPermissionActivity.this, "权限全部申请成功了", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)                            .show();                } else {                    // Permission Denied                    Toast.makeText(MultiPermissionActivity.this, "部分权限被拒绝掉了", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)                            .show();                }            }    }}

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