Android图片缓存之Bitmap详解

来源:互联网 发布:sql数据库设置 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/05/18 00:02

Bitmap:

     Bitmap是Android系统中的图像处理的最重要类之一。用它可以获取图像文件信息,进行图像剪切、旋转、缩放等操作,并可以指定格式保存图像文件。

 重要函数

  •  public void recycle() // 回收位图占用的内存空间,把位图标记为Dead

  •  public final boolean isRecycled() //判断位图内存是否已释放  

  •  public final int getWidth()//获取位图的宽度 

  •  public final int getHeight()//获取位图的高度

  •  public final boolean isMutable()//图片是否可修改 

  •  public int getScaledWidth(Canvas canvas)//获取指定密度转换后的图像的宽度 

  •  public int getScaledHeight(Canvas canvas)//获取指定密度转换后的图像的高度 

  • public boolean compress(CompressFormat format, int quality, OutputStream stream)//按指定的图片格式以及画质,将图片转换为输出流。 

    format:Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG或Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG 

    quality:画质,0-100.0表示最低画质压缩,100以最高画质压缩。对于PNG等无损格式的图片,会忽略此项设置。

  • public static Bitmap createBitmap(Bitmap src) //以src为原图生成不可变得新图像 

  • public static Bitmap createScaledBitmap(Bitmap src, int dstWidth, int dstHeight, boolean filter)//以src为原图,创建新的图像,指定新图像的高宽以及是否可变。 

  • public static Bitmap createBitmap(int width, int height, Config config)——创建指定格式、大小的位图 

  • public static Bitmap createBitmap(Bitmap source, int x, int y, int width, int height)以source为原图,创建新的图片,指定起始坐标以及新图像的高宽。

BitmapFactory工厂类:

    Option 参数类:
  • public boolean inJustDecodeBounds//如果设置为true,不获取图片,不分配内存,但会返回图片的高度宽度信息。

  • public int inSampleSize//图片缩放的倍数

  • public int outWidth//获取图片的宽度值

  • public int outHeight//获取图片的高度值 

  • public int inDensity//用于位图的像素压缩比 

  • public int inTargetDensity//用于目标位图的像素压缩比(要生成的位图) 

  • public byte[] inTempStorage //创建临时文件,将图片存储

  • public boolean inScaled//设置为true时进行图片压缩,从inDensity到inTargetDensity

  • public boolean inDither //如果为true,解码器尝试抖动解码

  • public Bitmap.Config inPreferredConfig //设置解码器

  • public String outMimeType //设置解码图像

  • public boolean inPurgeable//当存储Pixel的内存空间在系统内存不足时是否可以被回收

  • public boolean inInputShareable //inPurgeable为true情况下才生效,是否可以共享一个InputStream

  • public boolean inPreferQualityOverSpeed  //为true则优先保证Bitmap质量其次是解码速度

  • public boolean inMutable //配置Bitmap是否可以更改,比如:在Bitmap上隔几个像素加一条线段

  • public int inScreenDensity //当前屏幕的像素密度

  工厂方法:
  • public static Bitmap decodeFile(String pathName, Options opts) //从文件读取图片 

  • public static Bitmap decodeFile(String pathName)

  • public static Bitmap decodeStream(InputStream is) //从输入流读取图片

  • public static Bitmap decodeStream(InputStream is, Rect outPadding, Options opts)

  • public static Bitmap decodeResource(Resources res, int id) //从资源文件读取图片

  • public static Bitmap decodeResource(Resources res, int id, Options opts) 

  • public static Bitmap decodeByteArray(byte[] data, int offset, int length) //从数组读取图片

  • public static Bitmap decodeByteArray(byte[] data, int offset, int length, Options opts)

  • public static Bitmap decodeFileDescriptor(FileDescriptor fd)//从文件读取文件 与decodeFile不同的是这个直接调用JNI函数进行读取 效率比较高

  • public static Bitmap decodeFileDescriptor(FileDescriptor fd, Rect outPadding, Options opts)

  Bitmap.Config inPreferredConfig :

     枚举变量 (位图位数越高代表其可以存储的颜色信息越多,图像越逼真,占用内存越大)

  • public static final Bitmap.Config ALPHA_8 //代表8位Alpha位图        每个像素占用1byte内存
  • public static final Bitmap.Config ARGB_4444 //代表16位ARGB位图  每个像素占用2byte内存
  • public static final Bitmap.Config ARGB_8888 //代表32位ARGB位图  每个像素占用4byte内存
  • public static final Bitmap.Config RGB_565 //代表8位RGB位图          每个像素占用2byte内存
     Android中一张图片(BitMap)占用的内存主要和以下几个因数有关:图片长度,图片宽度,单位像素占用的字节数。一张图片(BitMap)占用的内存=图片长度*图片宽度*单位像素占用的字节数

图片读取实例:

   1.)从文件读取方式一

/**     * 获取缩放后的本地图片     *     * @param filePath 文件路径     * @param width    宽     * @param height   高     * @return     */    public static Bitmap readBitmapFromFile(String filePath, int width, int height) {        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;        BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filePath, options);        float srcWidth = options.outWidth;        float srcHeight = options.outHeight;        int inSampleSize = 1;        if (srcHeight > height || srcWidth > width) {            if (srcWidth > srcHeight) {                inSampleSize = Math.round(srcHeight / height);            } else {                inSampleSize = Math.round(srcWidth / width);            }        }        options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;        options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;        return BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filePath, options);    }

 2.)从文件读取方式二 效率高于方式一
/**     * 获取缩放后的本地图片     *     * @param filePath 文件路径     * @param width    宽     * @param height   高     * @return     */    public static Bitmap readBitmapFromFileDescriptor(String filePath, int width, int height) {        try {            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(filePath);            BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();            options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;            BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fis.getFD(), null, options);            float srcWidth = options.outWidth;            float srcHeight = options.outHeight;            int inSampleSize = 1;            if (srcHeight > height || srcWidth > width) {                if (srcWidth > srcHeight) {                    inSampleSize = Math.round(srcHeight / height);                } else {                    inSampleSize = Math.round(srcWidth / width);                }            }            options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;            options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;            return BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fis.getFD(), null, options);        } catch (Exception ex) {        }        return null;    }

测试同样生成10张图片两种方式耗时比较 cpu使用以及内存占用两者相差无几 第二种方式效率高一点 所以建议优先采用第二种方式

start = System.currentTimeMillis();        for (int i = 0; i < testMaxCount; i++) {            BitmapUtils.readBitmapFromFile(filePath, 400, 400);        }        end = System.currentTimeMillis();        Log.e(TAG, "BitmapFactory decodeFile--time-->" + (end - start));        start = System.currentTimeMillis();        for (int i = 0; i < testMaxCount; i++) {           BitmapUtils.readBitmapFromFileDescriptor(filePath, 400, 400);        }        end = System.currentTimeMillis();        Log.e(TAG, "BitmapFactory decodeFileDescriptor--time-->" + (end - start));


3.)从输入流中读取文件

/**     * 获取缩放后的本地图片     *     * @param ins    输入流     * @param width  宽     * @param height 高     * @return     */    public static Bitmap readBitmapFromInputStream(InputStream ins, int width, int height) {        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;        BitmapFactory.decodeStream(ins, null, options);        float srcWidth = options.outWidth;        float srcHeight = options.outHeight;        int inSampleSize = 1;        if (srcHeight > height || srcWidth > width) {            if (srcWidth > srcHeight) {                inSampleSize = Math.round(srcHeight / height);            } else {                inSampleSize = Math.round(srcWidth / width);            }        }        options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;        options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;        return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(ins, null, options);    }

4.)从资源文件中读取文件 
public static Bitmap readBitmapFromResource(Resources resources, int resourcesId, int width, int height) {        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;        BitmapFactory.decodeResource(resources, resourcesId, options);        float srcWidth = options.outWidth;        float srcHeight = options.outHeight;        int inSampleSize = 1;        if (srcHeight > height || srcWidth > width) {            if (srcWidth > srcHeight) {                inSampleSize = Math.round(srcHeight / height);            } else {                inSampleSize = Math.round(srcWidth / width);            }        }        options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;        options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;        return BitmapFactory.decodeResource(resources, resourcesId, options);    }

 此种方式相当的耗费内存 建议采用decodeStream代替decodeResource 可以如下形式
public static Bitmap readBitmapFromResource(Resources resources, int resourcesId, int width, int height) {        InputStream ins = resources.openRawResource(resourcesId);        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;        BitmapFactory.decodeStream(ins, null, options);        float srcWidth = options.outWidth;        float srcHeight = options.outHeight;        int inSampleSize = 1;        if (srcHeight > height || srcWidth > width) {            if (srcWidth > srcHeight) {                inSampleSize = Math.round(srcHeight / height);            } else {                inSampleSize = Math.round(srcWidth / width);            }        }        options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;        options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;        return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(ins, null, options);    }

decodeStream、decodeResource占用内存对比:
start = System.currentTimeMillis();        for (int i = 0; i < testMaxCount; i++) {            BitmapUtils.readBitmapFromResource(getResources(), R.mipmap.ic_app_center_banner, 400, 400);            Log.e(TAG, "BitmapFactory decodeResource--num-->" + i);        }        end = System.currentTimeMillis();        Log.e(TAG, "BitmapFactory decodeResource--time-->" + (end - start));        start = System.currentTimeMillis();        for (int i = 0; i < testMaxCount; i++) {            BitmapUtils.readBitmapFromResource1(getResources(), R.mipmap.ic_app_center_banner, 400, 400);            Log.e(TAG, "BitmapFactory decodeStream--num-->" + i);        }        end = System.currentTimeMillis();        Log.e(TAG, "BitmapFactory decodeStream--time-->" + (end - start));

BitmapFactory.decodeResource 加载的图片可能会经过缩放,该缩放目前是放在 java 层做的,效率比较低,而且需要消耗 java 层的内存。因此,如果大量使用该接口加载图片,容易导致OOM错误

BitmapFactory.decodeStream 不会对所加载的图片进行缩放,相比之下占用内存少,效率更高。

这两个接口各有用处,如果对性能要求较高,则应该使用 decodeStream;如果对性能要求不高,且需要 Android 自带的图片自适应缩放功能,则可以使用 decodeResource。

5. )从二进制数据读取图片
public static Bitmap readBitmapFromByteArray(byte[] data, int width, int height) {        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;        BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length, options);        float srcWidth = options.outWidth;        float srcHeight = options.outHeight;        int inSampleSize = 1;        if (srcHeight > height || srcWidth > width) {            if (srcWidth > srcHeight) {                inSampleSize = Math.round(srcHeight / height);            } else {                inSampleSize = Math.round(srcWidth / width);            }        }        options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;        options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;        return BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length, options);    }

6.)从assets文件读取图片
/**     * 获取缩放后的本地图片     *     * @param filePath 文件路径     * @return     */    public static Bitmap readBitmapFromAssetsFile(Context context, String filePath) {        Bitmap image = null;        AssetManager am = context.getResources().getAssets();        try {            InputStream is = am.open(filePath);            image = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);            is.close();        } catch (IOException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }        return image;    }

图片保存文件:

public static void writeBitmapToFile(String filePath, Bitmap b, int quality) {        try {            File desFile = new File(filePath);            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(desFile);            BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fos);            b.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, quality, bos);            bos.flush();            bos.close();        } catch (IOException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }

图片压缩:

 private static Bitmap compressImage(Bitmap image) {        if (image == null) {            return null;        }        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;        try {            baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();            image.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, baos);            byte[] bytes = baos.toByteArray();            ByteArrayInputStream isBm = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);            Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(isBm);            return bitmap;        } catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {        } finally {            try {                if (baos != null) {                    baos.close();                }            } catch (IOException e) {            }        }        return null;    }

图片缩放:

/**     * 根据scale生成一张图片     *     * @param bitmap     * @param scale  等比缩放值     * @return     */    public static Bitmap bitmapScale(Bitmap bitmap, float scale) {        Matrix matrix = new Matrix();        matrix.postScale(scale, scale); // 长和宽放大缩小的比例        Bitmap resizeBmp = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap, 0, 0, bitmap.getWidth(), bitmap.getHeight(), matrix, true);        return resizeBmp;    }

获取图片旋转角度:

/**     * 读取照片exif信息中的旋转角度     *     * @param path 照片路径     * @return角度     */    private static int readPictureDegree(String path) {        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(path)) {            return 0;        }        int degree = 0;        try {            ExifInterface exifInterface = new ExifInterface(path);            int orientation = exifInterface.getAttributeInt(ExifInterface.TAG_ORIENTATION, ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_NORMAL);            switch (orientation) {                case ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_ROTATE_90:                    degree = 90;                    break;                case ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_ROTATE_180:                    degree = 180;                    break;                case ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_ROTATE_270:                    degree = 270;                    break;            }        } catch (Exception e) {        }        return degree;    }

更多内容,请看这里:http://www.cnblogs.com/whoislcj/p/5547758.html






0 0
原创粉丝点击