spring-boot 集成 rabbitmq
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之前说了集成activemq,那就再说说集成另一个很火的mq,兔子。
本文示例主要参看官方的demo
https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-samples/spring-boot-sample-amqp
https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-amqp-samples
RabbitMQ
介绍
RabbitMQ是流行的开源消息队列系统,用erlang语言开发。RabbitMQ是AMQP(高级消息队列协议)的标准实现。
概念
- Broker:简单来说就是消息队列服务器实体。
- Exchange:消息交换机,它指定消息按什么规则,路由到哪个队列。
- Queue:消息队列载体,每个消息都会被投入到一个或多个队列。
- Binding:绑定,它的作用就是把exchange和queue按照路由规则绑定起来。
- Routing Key:路由关键字,exchange根据这个关键字进行消息投递。
- vhost:虚拟主机,一个broker里可以开设多个vhost,用作不同用户的权限分离。
- producer:消息生产者,就是投递消息的程序。
- consumer:消息消费者,就是接受消息的程序。
- channel:消息通道,在客户端的每个连接里,可建立多个channel,每个channel代表一个会话任务。
使用过程
- 客户端连接到消息队列服务器,打开一个channel。
- 客户端声明一个exchange,并设置相关属性。
- 客户端声明一个queue,并设置相关属性。
- 客户端使用routing key,在exchange和queue之间建立好绑定关系。
- 客户端投递消息到exchange。
exchange接收到消息后,就根据消息的key和已经设置的binding,进行消息路由,将消息投递到一个或多个队列里。
exchange也有几个类型,完全根据key进行投递的叫做Direct交换机,例如,绑定时设置了routing key为”abc”,那么客户端提交的消息,只有设置了key为”abc”的才会投递到队列。对key进行模式匹配后进行投递的叫做Topic交换机,符号”#”匹配一个或多个词,符号”*”匹配正好一个词。例如”abc.#”匹配”abc.def.ghi”,”abc.*”只匹配”abc.def”。还有一种不需要key的,叫做Fanout交换机,它采取广播模式,一个消息进来时,投递到与该交换机绑定的所有队列。
RabbitMQ支持消息的持久化,也就是数据写在磁盘上,为了数据安全考虑,我想大多数用户都会选择持久化。消息队列持久化包括3个部分:
- exchange持久化,在声明时指定durable => 1
- queue持久化,在声明时指定durable => 1
- 消息持久化,在投递时指定delivery_mode => 2(1是非持久化)
如果exchange和queue都是持久化的,那么它们之间的binding也是持久化的。如果exchange和queue两者之间有一个持久化,一个非持久化,就不允许建立绑定。
以上内容抄自百度百科,RabbitMQ 百度百科
其它关于RabbitMQ的介绍可以看 http://www.cnblogs.com/qiyebao/p/4205626.html
Spring-boot 集成 rabbitmq
添加maven依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId></dependency>
简单实现
配置
在application.properties中增加如下配置
spring.rabbitmq.addresses=127.0.0.1:5672spring.rabbitmq.username=guestspring.rabbitmq.password=guestspring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=truespring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/rabbitmq端口说明:5672-amqp,25672-clustering,61613-stomp,1883-mqtt
消息生产者
package com.rabbitmq.send;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Componentpublic class Sender { @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; public void send(String msg) { this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("foo", msg); }}
消息监听者
package com.rabbitmq.listener;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Payload;@Configuration@RabbitListener(queues = "foo")public class Listener { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Listener.class); @Bean public Queue fooQueue() { return new Queue("foo"); } @RabbitHandler public void process(@Payload String foo) { LOGGER.info("Listener: " + foo); }}
测试Controller
package com.rabbitmq.controller;import com.rabbitmq.send.Sender;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;@RestControllerpublic class RabbitmqController { @Autowired private Sender sender; @GetMapping("/send") public String send(HttpServletRequest request, String msg) { sender.send(msg); return "Send OK."; }}
测试
启动服务,在浏览器输入 http://127.0.0.1:8080/send?msg=this%20is%20a%20test,点击回车可以在控制台看到如下输出
INFO 5559 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] c.rabbitmq.listener.Listener : Listener: this is a test[SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1] INFO c.rabbitmq.listener.Listener - Listener: this is a test
带ConfirmCallback的使用
增加回调处理,这里不再使用application.properties默认配置的方式,会在程序中显示的使用文件中的配置信息。
配置
package com.rabbitmq.config;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableBeanFactory;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;@Configurationpublic class AmqpConfig { public static final String FOO_EXCHANGE = "callback.exchange.foo"; public static final String FOO_ROUTINGKEY = "callback.routingkey.foo"; public static final String FOO_QUEUE = "callback.queue.foo"; @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.addresses}") private String addresses; @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.username}") private String username; @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.password}") private String password; @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host}") private String virtualHost; @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms}") private boolean publisherConfirms; @Bean public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() { CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory(); connectionFactory.setAddresses(addresses); connectionFactory.setUsername(username); connectionFactory.setPassword(password); connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(virtualHost); /** 如果要进行消息回调,则这里必须要设置为true */ connectionFactory.setPublisherConfirms(publisherConfirms); return connectionFactory; } @Bean /** 因为要设置回调类,所以应是prototype类型,如果是singleton类型,则回调类为最后一次设置 */ @Scope(ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE) public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate() { RabbitTemplate template = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory()); return template; }}
消息生产者
package com.rabbitmq.send;import com.rabbitmq.config.AmqpConfig;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.support.CorrelationData;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.util.UUID;@Componentpublic class Sender implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Sender.class); private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; @Autowired public Sender(RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate) { this.rabbitTemplate = rabbitTemplate; this.rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this); } public void send(String msg) { CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString()); LOGGER.info("send: " + correlationData.getId()); this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(AmqpConfig.FOO_EXCHANGE, AmqpConfig.FOO_ROUTINGKEY, msg, correlationData); } /** 回调方法 */ @Override public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) { LOGGER.info("confirm: " + correlationData.getId()); }}
消息监听者
package com.rabbitmq.listener;import com.rabbitmq.config.AmqpConfig;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Payload;@Configuration@RabbitListener(queues = AmqpConfig.FOO_QUEUE)public class Listener { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Listener.class); /** 设置交换机类型 */ @Bean public DirectExchange defaultExchange() { /** * DirectExchange:按照routingkey分发到指定队列 * TopicExchange:多关键字匹配 * FanoutExchange: 将消息分发到所有的绑定队列,无routingkey的概念 * HeadersExchange :通过添加属性key-value匹配 */ return new DirectExchange(AmqpConfig.FOO_EXCHANGE); } @Bean public Queue fooQueue() { return new Queue(AmqpConfig.FOO_QUEUE); } @Bean public Binding binding() { /** 将队列绑定到交换机 */ return BindingBuilder.bind(fooQueue()).to(defaultExchange()).with(AmqpConfig.FOO_ROUTINGKEY); } @RabbitHandler public void process(@Payload String foo) { LOGGER.info("Listener: " + foo); }}
或者使用下面的代码来代替@RabbitHandler注解的process方法
@Bean public SimpleMessageListenerContainer messageContainer() { SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer(connectionFactory()); container.setQueues(fooQueue()); container.setExposeListenerChannel(true); container.setMaxConcurrentConsumers(1); container.setConcurrentConsumers(1); container.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.MANUAL); //设置确认模式手工确认 container.setMessageListener(new ChannelAwareMessageListener() { @Override public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception { byte[] body = message.getBody(); LOGGER.info("Listener onMessage : " + new String(body)); channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false); //确认消息成功消费 } }); return container; }这里参看了这篇博文 http://blog.csdn.net/liaokailin/article/details/49559571
测试
运行服务,刷新上面的测试链接,可以在控制台看到如下输出
INFO 15122 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] com.jikefriend.rabbitmq.send.Sender : send: c678afb7-af8b-42b2-9370-ea7f9d6004a0[http-nio-8080-exec-1] INFO com.jikefriend.rabbitmq.send.Sender - send: c678afb7-af8b-42b2-9370-ea7f9d6004a0INFO 15122 --- [ 127.0.0.1:5672] com.jikefriend.rabbitmq.send.Sender : confirm: c678afb7-af8b-42b2-9370-ea7f9d6004a0[AMQP Connection 127.0.0.1:5672] INFO com.jikefriend.rabbitmq.send.Sender - confirm: c678afb7-af8b-42b2-9370-ea7f9d6004a0INFO 15122 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] c.jikefriend.rabbitmq.listener.Listener : Listener: this is a test[SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1] INFO c.j.rabbitmq.listener.Listener - Listener: this is a test
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