VGA的标准时序
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VGA Timings
The following table lists timing values for several popular resolutions.
(MHz)
Video
Porch
Pulse
Porch
Video
Porch
Pulse
Porch
Mode
Type
Res.
Colors
Vert.
Horz.
Pix Clk
SM and SXGA MODES
0, 1
A/N
320 x 200
16
70 Hz
31.778 KHz
25.175 MHz
2, 3
A/N
640 x 200
16
70 Hz
31.778 KHz
25.175 MHz
0*, 1*
A/N
320 x 350
16
70 Hz
31.778 KHz
25.175 MHz
2*, 3*
A/N
640 x 350
16
70 Hz
31.778 KHz
25.175 MHz
0+, 1+
A/N
320 x 350
16
70 Hz
31.778 KHz
28.322 MHz
2+, 3+
A/N
640 x 350
16
70 Hz
31.778 KHz
28.322 MHz
4, 5
APA
320 x 200
4
70 Hz
31.778 KHz
25.175 MHz
6
APA
640 x 200
2
70 Hz
31.778 KHz
25.175 MHz
7
A/N
720 x 350
Mono
70 Hz
31.778 KHz
28.322 MHz
7+
A/N
720 x 400
Mono
70 Hz
31.778 KHz
28.322 MHz
D
APA
320 x 200
16
70 Hz
31.778 KHz
25.175 MHz
E
APA
640 x 200
16
70 Hz
31.778 KHz
25.175 MHz
F
APA
640 x 350
Mono
70 Hz
31.778 KHz
25.175 MHz
10
APA
640 x 350
16
70 Hz
31.778 KHz
25.175 MHz
11
APA
640 x 480
2
60Hz
31.778 KHz
25.175 MHz
12
APA
640 x 480
16
60Hz
31.778 KHz
25.175 MHz
13
APA
320 x 200
256
70 Hz
31.778 KHz
25.175 MHz
SXGA MODES
101
APA
640x480
256
85 Hz
43.3 KHz
36.00 MHz
102
APA
800 x 600
16
85 Hz
53.7 KHz
56.25 MHz
103
APA
800 x 600
256
85 Hz
53.7 KHz
56.25 MHz
104
APA
1024 x 768
16
85 Hz
68.7 KHz
94.5 MHz
105
APA
1024 x 768
256
85 Hz
68.7 KHz
94.5 MHz
106
APA
1280 x 1024
16
85 Hz
91.1 KHz
157.5 MHz
107
APA
1280 x 1024
256
85 Hz
91.1 KHz
157.5 MHz
114
APA
800 x 600
64K
85 Hz
53.7 KHz
56.25 MHz
115
APA
800 x 600
16.8 M
85 Hz
53.7 KHz
56.25 MHz
117
APA
1024 x 768
64K
85 Hz
68.7 KHz
94.5 MHz
118
APA
1024 x 768
16.8 M
85 Hz
68.7 KHz
94.5 MHz
11A
APA
1280 x 1024
64K
85 Hz
91.1 KHz
157.5 MHz
11B
APA
1280 x 1024
16.8 M
85 Hz
91.1 KHz
157.5 MHz
Note: SM Modes 0-13 only
As with RS-232, the standard for VGA video is that there are lots of standards. Every manufacturer seems to list different timings in the manuals for their monitors. The values given in the table above are not particularly critical. On a CRT monitor, the lengths of the front and back porches control the position of the image on the display. If the image appears offset to the right or left, or up or down, try adjusting the front and back porch values for the corresponding direction (or use the image position adjustments on the monitor, which accomplish the same thing).
Active area is actually an active area added with 6 overscan border pixels (in some other VGA timing tables those border pixels are included in back and front porch)
VGA timing information
This documents tries to collect together information about standard VGA card timing details.
Information form HP monitor manual
Horizonal Timing
Horizonal Dots 640 640 640 Vertical Scan Lines 350 400 480 Horiz. Sync Polarity POS NEG NEG A (us) 31.77 31.77 31.77 Scanline time B (us) 3.77 3.77 3.77 Sync pulse lenght C (us) 1.89 1.89 1.89 Back porch D (us) 25.17 25.17 25.17 Active video time E (us) 0.94 0.94 0.94 Front porch
______________________ ________ ________| VIDEO |________| VIDEO (next line) |-C-|----------D-----------|-E-| __ ______________________________ ___________ |_| |_| |B| |---------------A----------------|
Vertical Timing
Horizonal Dots 640 640 640 Vertical Scan Lines 350 400 480 Vert. Sync Polarity NEG POS NEG Vertical Frequency 70Hz 70Hz 60Hz O (ms) 14.27 14.27 16.68 Total frame time P (ms) 0.06 0.06 0.06 Sync length Q (ms) 1.88 1.08 1.02 Back porch R (ms) 11.13 12.72 15.25 Active video time S (ms) 1.2 0.41 0.35 Front porch
______________________ ________ ________| VIDEO |________| VIDEO (next frame) |-Q-|----------R-----------|-S-| __ ______________________________ ___________ |_| |_| |P| |---------------O----------------|
Informations source
HP D1194A Super VGA Display & HP D1195A Erognomic Super VGA Display Installation Guide, Hewlett Packard
More VGA mode information
There are the 3 "standard" VGA modes that each VGA card is supposed to be able to do:
640 x 350 x 70 is compatible with the old EGA mode, but on a VGA display.
640 x 400 x 70 is the MS-DOS text mode (when the computer is booting !).
640 x 480 x 60 is the default Windows(tm) graphics mode (16 colours !).
Their line frequency is exactly twice that of the NTSC television system, or almost twice that of the PAL television system. This makes it fairly easy to implement a VGA input on a television set that uses line doubling for the television signals so the line deflection already runs on 31 kHz.
The following timings come from a list of 82 different computer timings, and by now there will be even more. Some video cards even have variable timing (allowing the user to set width, height and shift...). The only standard is that there is no standard !
"640 x 350 (EGA on VGA)" "640 x 400 VGA text" "VGA industry standard" Clock frequency 25.175 MHz Clock frequency 25.175 MHz Clock frequency 25.175 MHz Line frequency 31469 Hz Line frequency 31469 Hz Line frequency 31469 Hz Field frequency 70.086 Hz Field frequency 70.086 Hz Field frequency 59.94 Hz One line: One line: One line: 8 pixels front porch 8 pixels front porch 8 pixels front porch 96 pixels horizontal sync 96 pixels horizontal sync 96 pixels horizontal sync 40 pixels back porch 40 pixels back porch 40 pixels back porch 8 pixels left border 8 pixels left border 8 pixels left border 640 pixels video 640 pixels video 640 pixels video 8 pixels right border 8 pixels right border 8 pixels right border --- --- --- 800 pixels total per line 800 pixels total per line 800 pixels total per line
One field: One field: One field: 31 lines front porch 5 lines front porch 2 lines front porch 2 lines vertical sync 2 lines vertical sync 2 lines vertical sync 54 lines back porch 28 lines back porch 25 lines back porch 6 lines top border 7 lines top border 8 lines top border 350 lines video 400 lines video 480 lines video 6 lines bottom border 7 lines bottom border 8 lines bottom border --- --- --- 449 lines total per field 449 lines total per field 525 lines total per field
Sync polarity: H positive, Sync polarity: H negative, Sync polarity: H negative, V negative V positive V negative Scan type: non interlaced. Scan type: non interlaced. Scan type: non interlaced.
SuperVGA timing from NEC monitor manual
Horizontal : ______________ _____________ | | | _______________| VIDEO |_______________| VIDEO (next line) ___________ _____________________ ______________________ |_| |_| B C <------D-----><-E-> <----------A----------> Vertical : ______________ _____________ | | | _______________| VIDEO |_______________| VIDEO (next frame) ___________ _____________________ ______________________ |_| |_| P Q <------R-----><-S-> <----------O---------->
For VESA 800*600 @ 60Hz:
Fh (kHz) :37.88 A (us) :26.4 B (us) :3.2 C (us) :2.2 D (us) :20.0 E (us) :1.0 Fv (Hz) :60.32 O (ms) :16.579 P (ms) :0.106 Q (ms) :0.607 R (ms) :15.84 S (ms) :0.026
Timing used in one VGA monitor tester product
The following timings are used in VTG-KIT VGA monitor tester kit sold my Data Sync Engineering.
Mode Horiz Vertical Horiz Vert Horiz HSYNC Vertical VSYNC Dots Lines KHz Hz Sync Pol Sync Pol VGA-480 640 480 31.5 60 3.8 us - 64 us - VGA-400 640 400 31.5 70 3.8 us - 64 us + SVGA I 800 600 35.2 56 2.0 us - 57 us - SVGA II 800 600 37.8 60 3.2 us + 106 us + SVGA III 800 600 48.0 72 2.4 us + 125 us + XGA 1024 768 48.5 60 2.0 us - 124 us -
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