linux下nginx+keepalive
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1. Nginx的安装
1.1. 下载nginx
1. Nginx的安装
1.1. 下载nginx
官网:http://nginx.org/
1.2. 上传并解压nginx
tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src
1.3. 编译nginx
#进入到nginx源码目录
cd /usr/local/src/nginx-1.8.1
#检查安装环境,并指定将来要安装的路径
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
#缺包报错./configure: error: C compiler cc is not found
#使用YUM安装缺少的包
yum -y install gcc pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel
#编译安装
make && make install
安装完后测试是否正常:
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
查看端口是否有ngnix进程监听
netstat -ntlp | grep 80
2. 配置nginx
2.1. 配置反向代理
1.修改nginx配置文件
server {
listen 80;
server_name nginx-01.itcast.cn; #nginx所在服务器的主机名
#反向代理的配置
location / { #拦截所有请求
root html;
proxy_passhttp://192.168.0.21:8080; #这里是代理走向的目标服务器:tomcat
}
}
2.启动tomcat-01上的tomcat
3.启动nginx-01上的nginx
./nginx
重启:
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid `
参考网址:http://www.cnblogs.com/jianxie/p/3990377.html
2.2. 动静分离
#动态资源 index.jsp
location ~ .*\.(jsp|do|action)$ {
proxy_pass http://tomcat-01.itcast.cn:8080;
}
#静态资源
location ~ .*\.(html|js|css|gif|jpg|jpeg|png)$ {
expires 3d;
}
2.3. 负载均衡
在http这个节下面配置一个叫upstream的,后面的名字可以随意取,但是要和location下的proxy_pass http://后的保持一致。
http {
是在http里面的,已有http,不是在server里,在server外面
upstream tomcats {
server shizhan02:8080 weight=1;#weight表示多少个
server shizhan03:8080 weight=1;
server shizhan04:8080 weight=1;
}
#卸载server里
location ~ .*\.(jsp|do|action) {
proxy_pass http://tomcats; #tomcats是后面的tomcat服务器组的逻辑组号
}
}
3.1. 高可靠概念3. 利用keepalived实现高可靠(HA)
HA(High Available), 高可用性集群,是保证业务连续性的有效解决方案,一般有两个或两个以上的节点,且分为活动节点及备用节点。
3.2. 高可靠软件keepalived
keepalive是一款可以实现高可靠的软件,通常部署在2台服务器上,分为一主一备。Keepalived可以对本机上的进程进行检测,一旦Master检测出某个进程出现问题,将自己切换成Backup状态,然后通知另外一个节点切换成Master状态。
3.3. keepalived安装
下载keepalived官网:http://keepalived.org
将keepalived解压到/usr/local/src目录下
tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src
进入到/usr/local/src/keepalived-1.2.19目录
cd /usr/local/src/keepalived-1.2.19
开始configure
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
#编译并安装
make && make install
3.4. 将keepalived添加到系统服务中
拷贝执行文件
cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
将init.d文件拷贝到etc下,加入开机启动项
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/keepalived
将keepalived文件拷贝到etc下
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
创建keepalived文件夹
mkdir -p /etc/keepalived
将keepalived配置文件拷贝到etc下
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
添加可执行权限
chmod +x /etc/init.d/keepalived
##以上所有命令一次性执行:
cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/keepalived
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
mkdir -p /etc/keepalived
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
chmod +x /etc/init.d/keepalived
chkconfig --add keepalived
chkconfig keepalived on
添加keepalived到开机启动
chkconfig --add keepalived
chkconfig keepalived on
3.5. 配置keepalived虚拟IP
修改配置文件: /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
#MASTER节点
global_defs {
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER #指定A节点为主节点 备用节点上设置为BACKUP即可
interface eth0 #绑定虚拟IP的网络接口
virtual_router_id 51 #VRRP组名,两个节点的设置必须一样,以指明各个节点属于同一VRRP组
priority 100 #主节点的优先级(1-254之间),备用节点必须比主节点优先级低
advert_int 1 #组播信息发送间隔,两个节点设置必须一样
authentication { #设置验证信息,两个节点必须一致
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress { #指定虚拟IP,两个节点设置必须一样
192.168.33.60/24 #如果两个nginx的ip分别是192.168.33.61,,...62,则此处的虚拟ip跟它俩同一个网段即可
}
}
#BACKUP节点
global_defs {
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 99
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.33.60/24
}
}
#分别启动两台机器上的keepalived
service keepalived start
测试:
杀掉master上的keepalived进程,你会发现,在slave机器上的eth0网卡多了一个ip地址
查看ip地址的命令: ip addr
3.6. 配置keepalived心跳检查
原理:
Keepalived并不跟nginx耦合,它俩完全不是一家人
但是keepalived提供一个机制:让用户自定义一个shell脚本去检测用户自己的程序,返回状态给keepalived就可以了
#MASTER节点
global_defs {
}
vrrp_script chk_health {
script "[[ `ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep | wc -l` -ge 2 ]] && exit 0 || exit 1"
interval 1 #每隔1秒执行上述的脚本,去检查用户的程序ngnix
weight -2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 1
priority 100
advert_int 2
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
track_script {
chk_health
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.0.0.10/24
}
notify_master "/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh master"
notify_backup "/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh backup"
notify_fault "/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh fault"
}
#添加切换通知脚本
vi /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
case "$1" in
master)
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
exit 0
;;
backup)
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
exit 0
;;
fault)
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
exit 0
;;
*)
echo 'Usage: notify.sh {master|backup|fault}'
exit 1
;;
esac
#添加执行权限
chmod +x /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh
global_defs {
}
vrrp_script chk_health {
script "[[ `ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep | wc -l` -ge 2 ]] && exit 0 || exit 1"
interval 1
weight -2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 1
priority 99
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
track_script {
chk_health
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.0.0.10/24
}
notify_master "/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh master"
notify_backup "/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh backup"
notify_fault "/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh fault"
}
#在第二台机器上添加notify.sh脚本
#分别在两台机器上启动keepalived
service keepalived start
chkconfig keepalived on
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