[leetcode] 481. Magical String
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A magical string S consists of only '1' and '2' and obeys the following rules:
The string S is magical because concatenating the number of contiguous occurrences of characters '1' and '2' generates the string Sitself.
The first few elements of string S is the following: S = "1221121221221121122……"
If we group the consecutive '1's and '2's in S, it will be:
1 22 11 2 1 22 1 22 11 2 11 22 ......
and the occurrences of '1's or '2's in each group are:
1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 ......
You can see that the occurrence sequence above is the S itself.
Given an integer N as input, return the number of '1's in the first N number in the magical string S.
Note: N will not exceed 100,000.
Example 1:
Input: 6Output: 3Explanation: The first 6 elements of magical string S is "12211" and it contains three 1's, so return 3.
这道题是统计特定字符串中‘1’的个数,题目难度为Medium。
一开始尝试找字符串的规律,看有没有重复或其他规律,不过没找到,不知道是否真的没有规律可循,找到规律的同学可以留言说明。
这里按规则生成字符串来统计‘1’的个数,具体规则很明确,没什么可讲的,注意最后统计‘1’的个数时不要直接统计整个字符串中‘1’的个数,因为生成的字符串长度可能已经超过N了。具体代码:
class Solution {public: int magicalString(int n) { if(n <= 0) return 0; string s = "122"; int idx = 2; while(s.size() < n) s += string(s[idx++]-'0', s.back() ^ 3); return count(s.begin(), s.begin()+n, '1'); }};另外,字符串还可以以“22112...”开始,不过题目限定了以1开头,感兴趣的同学可以试试这种情况。
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