2017美国数学建模MCM E题(环境) 翻译 需要可持续城市！

PROBLEM E: Sustainable Cities Needed!

Background:

Many communities are implementing smart growth initiatives in an effort to consider long range, sustainable planning goals. “Smart growth is about helping every town and city become a more economically prosperous, socially equitable, and environmentally sustainable place to live.”[2] Smart growth focuses on building cities that embrace the E’s of sustainability—Economically prosperous, socially Equitable, and Environmentally Sustainable. This task is more important than ever because the world is rapidly urbanizing. It is projected that by 2050, 66 percent of the world’s population will be urban—this will result in a projected 2.5 billion people being added to the urban population.[3] Consequently, urban planning has become increasingly important and necessary to ensure that people have access to equitable and sustainable homes, resources and jobs.

Smart growth is an urban planning theory that originated in 1990’s as a means to curb continued urban sprawl and reduce the loss of farmland surrounding urban centers. The ten principles for smart growth are[4]

1 Mix land uses

2 Take advantage of compact building design

3 Create a range of housing opportunities and choices

4 Create walkable neighborhoods

5 Foster distinctive, attractive communities with a strong sense of place

6 Preserve open space, farmland, natural beauty, and critical environmental areas

7 Strengthen and direct development towards existing communities

8 Provide a variety of transportation choices

9 Make development decisions predictable, fair, and cost effective

10 Encourage community and stakeholder collaboration in development decisions

These broad principles must be tailored to a community’s unique needs to be effective. Thus, any measure of success must incorporate the demographics, growth needs, and geographical conditions of a city as well as the goal to adhere to the three E’s.

Tasks:

The International City Management Group (ICM) needs your help implementing smart growth theories into city design around the world. Select two mid-sized cities (any city with a population of between 100,000 and 500,000 persons), on two different continents.

1.Define a metric to measure the success of smart growth of a city. It shouldconsider the three E’s of sustainability and/or the 10 principles of smart growth.

2.Research the current growth plan of the selected cities. Measure and discusshow the current growth plan of each city meets the smart growth principles. Howsuccessful are the current plans according to your metric?

3.Using smart growth principles develop a growth plan for both cities over the nextfew decades. Support why you chose the components and initiatives of yourplans based on the geography, expected growth rates, and economicopportunities of your cities. Use your metric to evaluate the success of yoursmart growth plans.

4.Also using your metric, rank the individual initiatives within your redesigned smartgrowth plan as the most potential to the least potential. Compare and contrastthe initiatives and their ranking between the two cities.

5.Suppose the population of each city will increase by an additional 50% by 2050,explain in what way(s) your plan supports this level of growth?

Your ICM submission should consist of a 1 page Summary Sheet and your solution cannot exceed 20 pages for a maximum of 21 pages. Note: The appendix and references do not count toward the 20 page limit.

References:

[1] Smart Growth: Improving lives by improving communities. https://smartgrowthamerica.org/

[2] EPA, “This is Smart Growth.” 2016

https://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/smart-growth-publication[3] World Urbanization Prospects. United Nations. 2014. https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2014-Highlights.pdf

[4] EPA, “Smart Growth: A Guide to Developing and Implementing Greenhouse Gas Reductions Programs.” 2011. http://www.sustainablecitiesinstitute.org/Documents/SCI/Report_Guide/Guide_EPA_SmartGrowthGHGReduction_2011.pdf

[5] Duany, Andres, Jeff Speck and Mike Lydon. The Smart Growth Manual. McGraw-Hill. 2010.

E题中文翻译：

问题E：需要可持续城市！

背景：

许多社区正在实施智能增长计划，以考虑长期，可持续的规划目标。 “聪明的成长是关于帮助每个城镇和城市变得更加经济繁荣，社会公平和环境可持续的生活地方。”[2]智能增长的重点是建设拥抱可持续发展的城市 - 经济繁荣，社会公平，环境可持续。这个任务比以往任何时候都重要，因为世界正在迅速城市化。预计到2050年，世界人口的66％将是城市人口 - 这将导致25亿人口被纳入城市人口。[3]因此，城市规划变得越来越重要和必要，以确保人们获得公平和可持续的家园，资源和就业机会。

智能增长是一种城市规划理论，起源于1990年代，作为遏制城市持续蔓延和减少城市中心周围农田损失的手段。智能增长的十大原则是[4]

1混合土地利用

2利用紧凑的建筑设计

3创造一系列住房机会和选择

4创建可步行的社区

5培养独特的，有吸引力的社区，具有强烈的地方感

6保留开放空间，农田，自然美景和关键环境区域

7加强和指导现有社区的发展

8提供多种交通选择

9使开发决策具有可预测性，公平性和成本效益

10鼓励社区和利益相关者在发展决策中进行合作

这些广泛的原则必须适应社区的独特需求，才能有效。因此，任何成功的衡量都必须包括一个城市的人口统计，增长需求和地理条件，以及坚持三个E的目标。

任务：

国际城市管理集团（ICM）需要您帮助实施智能增长理论到世界各地的城市设计。在两个不同的大陆选择两个中型城市（人口在10万和50万之间的任何城市）。

1.定义衡量城市智能增长成功率的指标。它应该考虑可持续性的三个E和/或智能增长的十个原则。

2.研究选定城市的当前增长计划。衡量和讨论每个城市目前的增长计划是否符合智能增长原则。根据您的指标，当前的计划是否成功？

3.使用智能增长原则在未来几十年内为两个城市制定增长计划。支持您为什么根据您的城市的地理位置，预期增长率和经济机会选择您的计划的组件和计划。使用您的指标评估您的智能增长计划的成功。

4.还使用您的指标，将您重新设计的智能生长计划中的各项计划排名为最具潜力的潜力最小。比较和对比这些倡议及其在两个城市之间的排名。

5.到2050年，每个城市的人口将增加50％，解释你的计划以什么方式支持这个水平的增长？

您的ICM提交应包含1页的摘要表，您的解决方案不能超过20页，最多21页。注意：附录和参考文献不计入20页的限制。

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