设备树学习之（十二）LCD驱动

开发板：tiny4412SDK + S702 + 4GB Flash
要移植的内核版本：Linux-4.4.0 （支持device tree）
u-boot版本：友善之臂自带的 U-Boot 2010.12
busybox版本：busybox 1.25

参考：tiny4412LCD驱动加字符显示

1、背光
　　友善之臂的该款LCD采用了一线触控技术，包括背光控制也集成在一线触控之中，关于背光的控制，在前一篇文章中已经提及，本文重点在于LCD驱动。

2、LCD接口

• 1)Tiny 4412 使用的lcd接口为LCD1
• 2)图片数据信号接口
  
  • B[0:7] : 蓝色数据信号线
  • G[0:7] : 绿色数据信号线
  • R[0:7] : 红色数据信号线
• 3)时序信号接口
  
  • DEN 数据允许信号
  • VSYNC 垂直同步信号
  • HSYNC 水平同步信号
  • VLCK LCD时钟信号
• 4)一线触控
  
  • XEINT10_OUT

3、图像的构成

• 帧：一幅图像被称为一帧,每帧有多行组成，每行有多个像素点组成
• 像素：
  
  • 1)显示的最小单位
  • 2)由若干位的颜色数据来构成,像素越高，则一个像素点所需要的颜色数据越多，能够显示的颜色更广
  • 3)一个像素点构成的颜色位数称为像素深度，单位为1BPP 常见的有16BPP/24BPP

4、颜色的量化(颜色<—–>数字)
颜色一般采用RGB标准,通过对红（R）、绿（GREEN），蓝（B）三个颜色以及相互叠加获取各种不同的颜色

• 1）通过对颜色的编码来对颜色进行量化（即转换成数字量，RGB是一种编码方式）
• 2）每种颜色根据RGB格式不同，每种颜色的量化位不相同
• 3) 常见的RGB格式有RGB565/RGB888
  
  • RGB565: red :5 green : 6 blue:5
  • RGB888: red :8 green : 8 blue:8

5、显示图像与LCD时序

• 1)使用HSYNC信号来控制一行的显示
• 2)使用VSYNC信号来控制一帧的显示
• 3)使用VCLK信号来控制一个像素的显示
• 4)使用VDEN信号来控制数据的输出

6、Exyons 4412 display 控制器

• 1)alpha,alpha操作用于实现图形渐变效果，以及半透明效果
  
  • 0xfff == 全透明
  • 0x0 == 不透明
• 2)colorkey,colorkey操作在融合两个窗口时过虑掉其中一个窗口的某一种特定颜色
• 3)HOZVAL与LINEVAL
  
  • HOZVAL = (Horizontal display size) - 1
  • LINEVAL = (Vertical display size) - 1
• 4)LCD时序图
  notes:
  .Using the display controller data, you can select one of the above data paths by setting LCDBLK_CFG Register(0x1001_0210). For more information, refer to the “System Others” manual
  
  
  
  
  

7、Exyons 4412 display 控制器配置

• 1)gpio配置,查看原理图 ,获取LCD接口的对应的gpio
  
  • LCD_HSYNC:GPF0_0
  • LCD_VSYNC:GPF0_1
  • LCD_VDEV: GPF0_2
  • LCD_VCLK: GPF0_3
  • VD[23:0]:GPF1_0 - GPF1_5 / GPF2_0 - GPF2_7 / GPF3_0 - GPF3_3
• 2)时钟配置
  
  • (1)查看Exyons 4412 手册 获取LCD时钟源
    LCD 时钟源为SCLKmpll_user_t:800Mhz
  • (2)配置相关的寄存器得到LCD所需要的时钟 (见07lcd_clock)
• 3)系统配置
  LCDBLK_CFG : 配置成FIMD接口
  

一、设备树

&pinctrl_0 {        lcd_demo: lcd{                samsung,pins = "gpf0-0", "gpf0-1", "gpf0-2", "gpf0-3", "gpf0-4", "gpf0-5", "gpf0-6","gpf0-7", "gpf1-0", "gpf1-1", "gpf1-2", "gpf1-3", "gpf1-4", "gpf1-5", "gpf1-6","gpf1-7", "gpf2-0", "gpf2-1", "gpf2-2", "gpf2-3", "gpf2-4", "gpf2-5", "gpf2-6","gpf2-7", "gpf3-0", "gpf3-1", "gpf3-2", "gpf3-3";                samsung,pin-function = <2>;                samsung,pin-pud = <0>;                samsung,pin-drv = <0>;        };};        lcd_demo@11C00000{                compatible         = "tiny4412,lcd_demo";                reg = <0x11C00000  0x20c0 0x10010210 0x08 0x10023c80 0x04 0x1003c000 0x1000>;                pinctrl-names = "default";                pinctrl-0 = <&lcd_demo>;                clocks = <&clock CLK_FIMD0 &clock CLK_ACLK160>;                clock-names = "fimd0","aclk160";        };

二、驱动代码

#include <linux/module.h>#include <linux/kernel.h>#include <linux/errno.h>#include <linux/string.h>#include <linux/mm.h>#include <linux/slab.h>#include <linux/delay.h>#include <linux/fb.h>#include <linux/init.h>#include <linux/dma-mapping.h>#include <linux/interrupt.h>#include <linux/workqueue.h>#include <linux/wait.h>#include <linux/platform_device.h>#include <linux/clk.h>#include <asm/io.h>#include <asm/uaccess.h>#include <asm/div64.h>#include <asm/mach/map.h>#include <linux/fb.h>#include <asm/types.h>#define     VIDCON0         0x00#define     VIDCON1         0x04#define     VIDTCON0        0x10#define     VIDTCON1        0x14#define     VIDTCON2        0x18#define     WINCON0         0x20#define     VIDOSD0C        0x48#define     SHADOWCON       0x34#define     WINCHMAP2       0x3c#define     VIDOSD0A        0x40#define     VIDOSD0B        0x44#define     VIDW00ADD0B0    0xA0#define     VIDW00ADD1B0    0xD0#define     CLK_SRC_LCD0        0x234#define     CLK_SRC_MASK_LCD    0x334#define     CLK_DIV_LCD         0x534#define     CLK_GATE_IP_LCD     0x934#define     LCDBLK_CFG      0x00#define     LCDBLK_CFG2     0x04static int s3c_lcdfb_setcolreg(unsigned int regno, unsigned int red,                               unsigned int green, unsigned int blue,                               unsigned int transp, struct fb_info *info);static struct fb_ops s3c_lcdfb_ops ={    .owner      = THIS_MODULE,    .fb_setcolreg   = s3c_lcdfb_setcolreg,    .fb_fillrect    = cfb_fillrect,    .fb_copyarea    = cfb_copyarea,    .fb_imageblit   = cfb_imageblit,};static struct fb_info *s3c_lcd;static volatile void __iomem *lcd_regs_base;static volatile void __iomem *clk_regs_base;static volatile void __iomem *lcdblk_regs_base;static volatile void __iomem *lcd0_configuration;static u32 pseudo_palette[16];static struct resource *res1, *res2, *res3, *res4;/* from pxafb.c */static inline unsigned int chan_to_field(unsigned int chan, struct fb_bitfield *bf){    chan &= 0xffff;    chan >>= 16 - bf->length;    return chan << bf->offset;}static int s3c_lcdfb_setcolreg(unsigned int regno, unsigned int red,                               unsigned int green, unsigned int blue,                               unsigned int transp, struct fb_info *info){    unsigned int val;    if (regno > 16)        { return 1; }    /* 用red,green,blue三原色构造出val */    val  = chan_to_field(red,   &info->var.red);    val |= chan_to_field(green, &info->var.green);    val |= chan_to_field(blue,  &info->var.blue);    //((u32 *)(info->pseudo_palette))[regno] = val;    pseudo_palette[regno] = val;    return 0;}static int lcd_probe(struct platform_device *pdev){    int ret;    unsigned int temp;    /* 1. 分配一个fb_info */    s3c_lcd = framebuffer_alloc(0, NULL);    /* 2. 设置 */    /* 2.1 设置 fix 固定的参数 */    strcpy(s3c_lcd->fix.id, "mylcd");    s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len = 480 * 800 * 16 / 8;     //显存的长度    s3c_lcd->fix.type     = FB_TYPE_PACKED_PIXELS;  //类型    s3c_lcd->fix.visual   = FB_VISUAL_TRUECOLOR;    //TFT 真彩色    s3c_lcd->fix.line_length = 800 * 2;             //一行的长度    /* 2.2 设置 var 可变的参数 */    s3c_lcd->var.xres           = 800;  //x方向分辨率    s3c_lcd->var.yres           = 480;  //y方向分辨率    s3c_lcd->var.xres_virtual   = 800;  //x方向虚拟分辨率    s3c_lcd->var.yres_virtual   = 480;  //y方向虚拟分辨率    s3c_lcd->var.bits_per_pixel = 16;   //每个像素占的bit    /* RGB:565 */    s3c_lcd->var.red.offset     = 11;   //红    s3c_lcd->var.red.length     = 5;    s3c_lcd->var.green.offset   = 5;    //绿    s3c_lcd->var.green.length   = 6;    s3c_lcd->var.blue.offset    = 0;    //蓝    s3c_lcd->var.blue.length    = 5;    s3c_lcd->var.activate       = FB_ACTIVATE_NOW;    /* 2.3 设置操作函数 */    s3c_lcd->fbops              = &s3c_lcdfb_ops;    /* 2.4 其他的设置 */    s3c_lcd->pseudo_palette = pseudo_palette;       //调色板    //s3c_lcd->screen_base  = ;                     //显存的虚拟地址,分配显存时填充    s3c_lcd->screen_size    = 480 * 800 * 16 / 8;   //显存大小    /* 3. 硬件相关的操作 */    /* 3.1 配置GPIO用于LCD */    //设备树中使用"default"    /* 3.2 根据LCD手册设置LCD控制器, 比如VCLK的频率等 */    //寄存器映射    res1 = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, 0);    if (res1 == NULL)    {        printk("platform_get_resource error\n");        return -EINVAL;    }    lcd_regs_base = devm_ioremap_resource(&pdev->dev, res1);    if (lcd_regs_base == NULL)    {        printk("devm_ioremap_resource error\n");        return -EINVAL;    }    res2 = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, 1);    if (res2 == NULL)    {        printk("platform_get_resource error\n");        return -EINVAL;    }    lcdblk_regs_base = devm_ioremap_resource(&pdev->dev, res2);    if (lcdblk_regs_base == NULL)    {        printk("devm_ioremap_resource error\n");        return -EINVAL;    }    res3 = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, 2);    if (res3 == NULL)    {        printk("platform_get_resource error\n");        return -EINVAL;    }    lcd0_configuration = ioremap(res3->start, 0x04);    *lcd0_configuration = 0x07;    res4 = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, 3);    if (res4 == NULL)    {        printk("platform_get_resource error\n");        return -EINVAL;    }    clk_regs_base = ioremap(res4->start, 0x1000);    if (clk_regs_base == NULL)    {        printk("devm_ioremap_resource error\n");        return -EINVAL;    }    //使能时钟    //时钟源选择 0110  SCLKMPLL_USER_T 800M    temp = readl(clk_regs_base + CLK_SRC_LCD0);    temp &= ~0x0f;    temp |= 0x06;    writel(temp, clk_regs_base + CLK_SRC_LCD0);    //FIMD0_MASK    temp = readl(clk_regs_base + CLK_SRC_MASK_LCD);    temp |= 0x01;    writel(temp, clk_regs_base + CLK_SRC_MASK_LCD);    //SCLK_FIMD0 = MOUTFIMD0/(FIMD0_RATIO + 1),分频 1/1    temp = readl(clk_regs_base + CLK_DIV_LCD);    temp &= ~0x0f;    writel(temp, clk_regs_base + CLK_DIV_LCD);    //CLK_FIMD0 Pass    temp = readl(clk_regs_base + CLK_GATE_IP_LCD);    temp |= 0x01;    writel(temp, clk_regs_base + CLK_GATE_IP_LCD);    //FIMDBYPASS_LBLK0 FIMD Bypass    temp = readl(lcdblk_regs_base + LCDBLK_CFG);    temp |= 1 << 1;    writel(temp, lcdblk_regs_base + LCDBLK_CFG);    temp = readl(lcdblk_regs_base + LCDBLK_CFG2);    temp |= 1 << 0;    writel(temp, lcdblk_regs_base + LCDBLK_CFG2);    mdelay(1000);    //分频    800/(23 +1 ) == 33M    temp = readl(lcd_regs_base + VIDCON0);    temp |= (23 << 6);    writel(temp, lcd_regs_base + VIDCON0);    /*     * VIDTCON1:     * [5]:IVSYNC  ===> 1 : Inverted(反转)     * [6]:IHSYNC  ===> 1 : Inverted(反转)     * [7]:IVCLK   ===> 1 : Fetches video data at VCLK rising edge (下降沿触发)     * [10:9]:FIXVCLK  ====> 01 : VCLK running     */    temp = readl(lcd_regs_base + VIDCON1);    temp |= (1 << 9) | (1 << 7) | (1 << 5) | (1 << 6);    writel(temp, lcd_regs_base + VIDCON1);    /*     * VIDTCON0:     * [23:16]:  VBPD + 1  <------> tvpw (1 - 20)  13     * [15:8] :  VFPD + 1  <------> tvfp 22     * [7:0]  :  VSPW  + 1 <------> tvb - tvpw = 23 - 13 = 10     */    temp = readl(lcd_regs_base + VIDTCON0);    temp |= (12 << 16) | (21 << 8) | (9);    writel(temp, lcd_regs_base + VIDTCON0);    /*     * VIDTCON1:     * [23:16]:  HBPD + 1  <------> thpw (1 - 40)  36     * [15:8] :  HFPD + 1  <------> thfp 210     * [7:0]  :  HSPW  + 1 <------> thb - thpw = 46 - 36 = 10     */    temp = readl(lcd_regs_base + VIDTCON1);    temp |= (35 << 16) | (209 << 8)  | (9);    writel(temp, lcd_regs_base + VIDTCON1);    /*     * HOZVAL = (Horizontal display size) - 1 and LINEVAL = (Vertical display size) - 1.     * Horizontal(水平) display size : 800     * Vertical(垂直) display size : 480     */    temp = (479 << 11) | 799;    writel(temp, lcd_regs_base + VIDTCON2);    /*     * WINCON0:     * [16]:Specifies Half-Word swap control bit.  1 = Enables swap P1779 低位像素存放在低字节     * [5:2]: Selects Bits Per Pixel (BPP) mode for Window image : 0101 ===> 16BPP RGB565     * [1]:Enables/disables video output   1 = Enables     */    temp = readl(lcd_regs_base + WINCON0);    temp |= (1 << 16) | (5 << 2) | 1;    writel(temp, lcd_regs_base + WINCON0);    temp = readl(lcd_regs_base + SHADOWCON);    writel(temp | 0x01, lcd_regs_base + SHADOWCON);    //p1769    temp = readl(lcd_regs_base + WINCHMAP2);    temp &= ~(7 << 16);    temp |= 1 << 16;    temp &= ~7;    temp |= 1;    writel(temp, lcd_regs_base + WINCHMAP2);    /*     * bit0-10 : 指定OSD图像左上像素的垂直屏幕坐标     * bit11-21: 指定OSD图像左上像素的水平屏幕坐标     */    writel(0, lcd_regs_base + VIDOSD0A);    /*     * bit0-10 : 指定OSD图像右下像素的垂直屏幕坐标     * bit11-21: 指定OSD图像右下像素的水平屏幕坐标     */    writel((799 << 11) | 479, lcd_regs_base + VIDOSD0B);    //Window Size For example, Height ? Width (number of word)    temp = 480 * 800 >> 1;    writel(temp, lcd_regs_base + VIDOSD0C);    /* 3.3 分配显存(framebuffer), 并把地址告诉LCD控制器 */    // s3c_lcd->screen_base     显存虚拟地址    // s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len    显存大小，前面计算的    // s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start  显存物理地址    s3c_lcd->screen_base = dma_alloc_writecombine(NULL, s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len, (dma_addr_t *)&s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start, GFP_KERNEL);    //显存起始地址    writel(s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start, lcd_regs_base + VIDW00ADD0B0);    //显存结束地址    writel(s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start + s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len, lcd_regs_base + VIDW00ADD1B0);    //Enables video output and logic immediately    temp = readl(lcd_regs_base + VIDCON0);    writel(temp | 0x03, lcd_regs_base + VIDCON0);    /* 4. 注册 */    ret = register_framebuffer(s3c_lcd);    return ret;}static int lcd_remove(struct platform_device *pdev){    printk("%s enter.\n", __func__);    unregister_framebuffer(s3c_lcd);    dma_free_writecombine(NULL, s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len, s3c_lcd->screen_base, s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start);    framebuffer_release(s3c_lcd);    iounmap(lcd0_configuration);    iounmap(clk_regs_base);    return 0;}static const struct of_device_id lcd_dt_ids[] ={    { .compatible = "tiny4412,lcd_demo", },    {},};MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, lcd_dt_ids);static struct platform_driver lcd_driver ={    .driver        = {        .name      = "lcd_demo",        .of_match_table    = of_match_ptr(lcd_dt_ids),    },    .probe         = lcd_probe,    .remove        = lcd_remove,};static int lcd_init(void){    int ret;    printk("enter %s\n", __func__);    ret = platform_driver_register(&lcd_driver);    if (ret)    {        printk(KERN_ERR "pwm demo: probe faipwm: %d\n", ret);    }    return ret;}static void lcd_exit(void){    printk("enter %s\n", __func__);    platform_driver_unregister(&lcd_driver);}module_init(lcd_init);module_exit(lcd_exit);MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");