POJ 2031-Building a Space Station（最小生成树-三维坐标系）

Building a Space Station

Time Limit: 1000MS Memory Limit: 30000KTotal Submissions: 8167 Accepted: 3920

Description

You are a member of the space station engineering team, and are assigned a task in the construction process of the station. You are expected to write a computer program to complete the task. 
The space station is made up with a number of units, called cells. All cells are sphere-shaped, but their sizes are not necessarily uniform. Each cell is fixed at its predetermined position shortly after the station is successfully put into its orbit. It is quite strange that two cells may be touching each other, or even may be overlapping. In an extreme case, a cell may be totally enclosing another one. I do not know how such arrangements are possible. 

All the cells must be connected, since crew members should be able to walk from any cell to any other cell. They can walk from a cell A to another cell B, if, (1) A and B are touching each other or overlapping, (2) A and B are connected by a `corridor', or (3) there is a cell C such that walking from A to C, and also from B to C are both possible. Note that the condition (3) should be interpreted transitively. 

You are expected to design a configuration, namely, which pairs of cells are to be connected with corridors. There is some freedom in the corridor configuration. For example, if there are three cells A, B and C, not touching nor overlapping each other, at least three plans are possible in order to connect all three cells. The first is to build corridors A-B and A-C, the second B-C and B-A, the third C-A and C-B. The cost of building a corridor is proportional to its length. Therefore, you should choose a plan with the shortest total length of the corridors. 

You can ignore the width of a corridor. A corridor is built between points on two cells' surfaces. It can be made arbitrarily long, but of course the shortest one is chosen. Even if two corridors A-B and C-D intersect in space, they are not considered to form a connection path between (for example) A and C. In other words, you may consider that two corridors never intersect. 

Input

The input consists of multiple data sets. Each data set is given in the following format. 

n 
x1 y1 z1 r1 
x2 y2 z2 r2 
... 
xn yn zn rn 

The first line of a data set contains an integer n, which is the number of cells. n is positive, and does not exceed 100. 

The following n lines are descriptions of cells. Four values in a line are x-, y- and z-coordinates of the center, and radius (called r in the rest of the problem) of the sphere, in this order. Each value is given by a decimal fraction, with 3 digits after the decimal point. Values are separated by a space character. 

Each of x, y, z and r is positive and is less than 100.0. 

The end of the input is indicated by a line containing a zero. 

Output

For each data set, the shortest total length of the corridors should be printed, each in a separate line. The printed values should have 3 digits after the decimal point. They may not have an error greater than 0.001. 

Note that if no corridors are necessary, that is, if all the cells are connected without corridors, the shortest total length of the corridors is 0.000. 

Sample Input

310.000 10.000 50.000 10.00040.000 10.000 50.000 10.00040.000 40.000 50.000 10.000230.000 30.000 30.000 20.00040.000 40.000 40.000 20.00055.729 15.143 3.996 25.8376.013 14.372 4.818 10.67180.115 63.292 84.477 15.12064.095 80.924 70.029 14.88139.472 85.116 71.369 5.5530

Sample Output

20.0000.00073.834

Source

Japan 2003 Domestic

题目意思：

空间站可以看成是圆球体，是建立在三维坐标系中的，给出N个空间站的（x,y,z）坐标及其半径r。

如果两个空间站之间有接触（两球相交或相切），那么这两个空间站可以互相直接到达，否则（两球相离）需要在他们之间建立道路来连接。

计算出将所有空间站连接起来所需要的最短路程。

解题思路：

记圆心A(x1,y1,z1),B(x2,y2,z2),则A,B之间的距离为 ：d=√[(x1-x2)^2+(y1-y2)^2+(z1-z2)^2]；

则两球之间距离为：d-Ra-Rb，即需要减去两球半径。

注意当d<0时，距离应记为0。

以每个空间站为节点，它们之间的距离为边权，建立无向图，求最小生成树。

#include <iostream>#include <cstdio>#include <cstring>#include <cmath>#include <iomanip>#include <algorithm>#define MAXN 110#define INF 0xfffffff//0X代表16进制，后面是数字，十进制是4294967295using namespace std;struct Node{    double x,y,z,r;} p[MAXN];double cost[MAXN][MAXN],dis[MAXN],mincost[MAXN];int n;bool used[MAXN];//标识是否使用过void prim(){    fill(mincost,mincost+n,INF);    fill(used,used+n,false);    mincost[0]=0;    double res=0;    while(true)    {        int v=-1;        for(int u=0; u<n; ++u)        {            //从不属于已加入生成树的顶点中选取从已加入生成树的点到该顶点的权值最小的点            if(!used[u]&&(v==-1||mincost[u]<mincost[v]))                v=u;        }        if(v==-1) break;        used[v]=true;        res+=mincost[v];        for(int u=0; u<n; ++u)            mincost[u]=min(mincost[u],cost[v][u]);    }    cout<<fixed<<setprecision(3)<<res<<endl;}int main(){#ifdef ONLINE_JUDGE#else    freopen("F:/cb/read.txt","r",stdin);    //freopen("F:/cb/out.txt","w",stdout);#endif    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);    cin.tie(0);    while(cin>>n&&n)    {        for(int i=0; i<n; ++i)            for(int j=0; j<n; ++j)                cost[i][j]=INF;        for(int i=0; i<n; i++)            cin>>p[i].x>>p[i].y>>p[i].z>>p[i].r;        for(int i=0; i<n; i++)            for(int j=i+1; j<n; j++)            {                if(cost[i][j]!=INF) continue;                double t=sqrt((p[i].x-p[j].x)*(p[i].x-p[j].x)+(p[i].y-p[j].y)*(p[i].y-p[j].y)+(p[i].z-p[j].z)*(p[i].z-p[j].z));                t-=(p[i].r+p[j].r);//计算两个圆心之间的距离                if(t<=0) cost[i][j]=cost[j][i]=0;//特判小于0的情况，两个空间站直接可达                else cost[i][j]=cost[j][i]=t;//无向图            }        prim();    }    return 0;}/*310.000 10.000 50.000 10.00040.000 10.000 50.000 10.00040.000 40.000 50.000 10.000230.000 30.000 30.000 20.00040.000 40.000 40.000 20.00055.729 15.143 3.996 25.8376.013 14.372 4.818 10.67180.115 63.292 84.477 15.12064.095 80.924 70.029 14.88139.472 85.116 71.369 5.5530*/