centos6.4下搭建mysql

本文详细介绍在CentOS 6.4下安装MySQL 5.6.22的过程，供需要的朋友学习参考。

一、下载MySQL 安装包

1）http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/ 打开网址： Select Platform: 选择 Linux-Generic

选择选择 Linux - Generic (glibc 2.5) (x86, 64-bit), RPM   进行下载；

 linux 下下载：

wget  http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-5.6.22-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

 

2）下载完后解压缩并放到安装文件夹下：

tar -xf MySQL-5.6.22-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tarmv MySQL-5.6.22-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm-bundle /usr/local/software/mv MySQL-5.6.22-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm-bundle mysql

其中里面要使用的是这两个：

MySQL数据库： MySQL-server-5.6.22-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

MySQL客户端：MySQL-client-5.6.22-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

 

3）安装环境：

cat /etc/RedHat-release

 

CentOS release 6.4 (Final)

 

二、MySql安装

1）3）检查安装

在安装MySQL之前，先检查CentOS系统中是否已经安装了一个MySQL，如果已经安装先卸载，不然会导致安装新的MySQL失败。 

rpm -qa | grep mysql   --查看系统之前是否已安装MySQL。 

mysql-libs-5.1.47-4.el6.i686  显示结果说明 CentOS6.0系统自带了一个MySQL，我们需要删除这个老版本，用root用户执行下面语句

su - 

密码：

rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.47-4.el6.i686  

先切换到"root"用户下，然后执行删除语句，删除之后，我们再次查看，发现已经成功删除了CentOS6.0自带的旧MySQL版本。

在删除MySQL的rpm后，还要进行一些扫尾操作，网上有两种操作。（备注：我在这里两种都没有用到，发现系统中并没有其他残余的MySQL信息。）

第一种善后处理：使用下面命令进行处理。

rm -rf /var/lib/mysql*rm -rf /usr/share/mysql*

另一种善后处理：卸载后 /var/lib/mysql 中的  /etc/my.cnf 会重命名为 my.cnf.rpmsave，/var/log/mysqld.log 会重命名为 /var/log/mysqld.log.rpmsave，如果确定没用后就手工删除。

 

2）安装MySql 服务端

rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.22-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm 

Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:MySQL-server ########################################### [100%] warning: user mysql does not exist - using root warning: group mysql does not exist - using root 2014-08-10 22:43:44 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2014-08-10 22:43:44 23012 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages 2014-08-10 22:43:44 23012 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 2014-08-10 22:43:44 23012 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 2014-08-10 22:43:44 23012 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used 2014-08-10 22:43:44 23012 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3 2014-08-10 22:43:44 23012 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 2014-08-10 22:43:44 23012 [Note] InnoDB: Not using CPU crc32 instructions 2014-08-10 22:43:44 23012 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 2014-08-10 22:43:44 23012 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 2014-08-10 22:43:45 23012 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created! 2014-08-10 22:43:45 23012 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB 2014-08-10 22:43:45 23012 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait... 2014-08-10 22:43:45 23012 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB 2014-08-10 22:43:46 23012 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB 2014-08-10 22:43:46 23012 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0 2014-08-10 22:43:46 23012 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781 2014-08-10 22:43:46 23012 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new 2014-08-10 22:43:46 23012 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created 2014-08-10 22:43:46 23012 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active. 2014-08-10 22:43:46 23012 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2014-08-10 22:43:47 23012 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created 2014-08-10 22:43:47 23012 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables. 2014-08-10 22:43:47 23012 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created. 2014-08-10 22:43:47 23012 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start 2014-08-10 22:43:47 23012 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.22 started; log sequence number 0 A random root password has been set. You will find it in '/root/.mysql_secret'. 2014-08-10 22:43:48 23012 [Note] Binlog end 2014-08-10 22:43:48 23012 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting. 2014-08-10 22:43:48 23012 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 2014-08-10 22:43:50 23012 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977 2014-08-10 22:43:50 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2014-08-10 22:43:50 23039 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages 2014-08-10 22:43:50 23039 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 2014-08-10 22:43:50 23039 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 2014-08-10 22:43:50 23039 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used 2014-08-10 22:43:50 23039 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3 2014-08-10 22:43:50 23039 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 2014-08-10 22:43:50 23039 [Note] InnoDB: Not using CPU crc32 instructions 2014-08-10 22:43:50 23039 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 2014-08-10 22:43:50 23039 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 2014-08-10 22:43:50 23039 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda. 2014-08-10 22:43:50 23039 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active. 2014-08-10 22:43:50 23039 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start 2014-08-10 22:43:50 23039 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.22 started; log sequence number 1625977 2014-08-10 22:43:50 23039 [Note] Binlog end 2014-08-10 22:43:50 23039 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting. 2014-08-10 22:43:50 23039 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 2014-08-10 22:43:52 23039 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987 A RANDOM PASSWORD HAS BEEN SET FOR THE MySQL root USER ! You will find that password in '/root/.mysql_secret'. You must change that password on your first connect, no other statement but 'SET PASSWORD' will be accepted. See the manual for the semantics of the 'password expired' flag. Also, the account for the anonymous user has been removed. In addition, you can run: /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation which will also give you the option of removing the test database. This is strongly recommended for production servers. See the manual for more instructions. Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/ The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at http://www.mysql.com Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com New default config file was created as /usr/my.cnf and will be used by default by the server when you start it. You may edit this file to change server settings 

3）检测 MySQL 3306 端口是否安打开。测试是否成功可运行 netstat 看 MySQL 端口是否打开，如打开表示服务已经启动，安装成功。MySQL 默认的端口是3306。

[root@hadoop Mysql]# netstat -nat  

Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50070 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50075 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50020 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 192.168.128.129:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50090 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 1 0 192.168.128.129:35744 63.130.76.64:80 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 0 0 192.168.128.129:34847 192.168.128.129:9000 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 192.168.128.129:35770 192.168.128.129:9000 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 52 192.168.128.129:22 192.168.128.1:1297 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 192.168.128.129:50968 61.135.185.247:80 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 192.168.128.129:9000 192.168.128.129:34847 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 :::34803 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::8088 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::13562 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::8030 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::8031 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::8032 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::8033 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::8040 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::8042 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.128.129:8031 ::ffff:192.168.128.12:58051 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.128.12:58051 ::ffff:192.168.128.129:8031 ESTABLISHED 

 

4）启动MySql 服务

[root@hadoop Mysql]# service mysql start   Starting MySQL.......... SUCCESS! 

 

5） 安装客户端

[root@hadoop Mysql]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.22-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpmPreparing...                ########################################### [100%]1:MySQL-client           ^C########################################### [100%]   安装完成

 

MySQL的几个重要目录。

MySQL安装完成后不像 SQL Server 默认安装在一个目录，它的数据库文件、配置文件和命令文件分别在不同的目录，了解这些目录非常重要，尤其对于Linux的初学者，因为 Linux本身的目录结构就比较复杂，如果搞不清楚MySQL的安装目录那就无从谈起深入学习。

a、数据库目录     /var/lib/mysql/ 

b、配置文件     /usr/share/mysql（mysql.server命令及配置文件） 

c、相关命令    /usr/bin(mysqladmin mysqldump等命令) 

d、启动脚本   /etc/rc.d/init.d/（启动脚本文件mysql的目录） 

如：/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql start/restart/stop/status

 

6）(可选) 更改 MySQL 目录。由于MySQL数据库目录占用磁盘比较大，而MySQL默认的数据文件存储目录为 /"var/lib/mysql"，也可以把要把数据目录移到 "/" 根目录下的 "mysql_data" 目录中（如果做测试用就不用移动了）。

 

停止 MySql 服务进程：service mysql stop  或者  mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown

MySQL默认用户名为"root"，此处的"root"与Linux的最高权限用户"root"不是一会儿，而且默认的用户"root"的密码为空，所以上图中让输入密码，直接点击回车即可。

把 "/var/lib/mysql" 整个目录移到 "/mysql_data"

mv /var/lib/mysql /mysql_data

 

7）找到my.cnf配置文件

如果"/etc/"目录下没有my.cnf配置文件，请到 "/usr/share/mysql/" 下找到 my-default.cnf  文件，拷贝其中一个合适的配置文件到 "/etc/" 并改名为 "my.cnf" 中。命令如下：

cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf　 /etc/my.cnf

 

 

默认编码修改为UTF-8。用下面命令：

vim /etc /my.cnf

[mysqld] #下添加以下命令#socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql/mysql.sock#datadir=/mysql_data/mysql   #如果你的数据存储位置要改变的话需要在这里指定存储目录character-set-server=utf8lower_case_table_names=1  

#（注意linux下mysql安装完后是默认：区分表名的大小写，不区分列名的大小写；#  lower_case_table_names = 0    0：区分大小写，1：不区分大小写）

注意：

1）最后一行，我在本地安装的时候没有添加此设置也可以照样运行起来，加不加还要看你们自己了。

2）如果你修改了数据的存储位置目录 ，则可以执行以下命令来修改MySQL启动脚本 "/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql"  

最后，需要修改MySQL启动脚本 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql，修改 datadir=/mysql_data/mysql。 

vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql

 

8）重新启动MySQL服务 

service mysql start

 

9）修改登录密码

MySQL默认没有密码，安装完毕增加密码的重要性是不言而喻的。修改前，直接登录

检查 MySql 端口是否开启：

[root@Hadoop ~]#

netstat -ntlp  | grep 3306

tcp        0      0 :::3306                     :::*                        LISTEN      5052/mysqld  

 

进入mysql：

[root@hadoop init.d]#

mysql 

 root的随机密码位于/root/.mysql_secret中，

如果已经连接上了 MySql 可以使用下面语句 ：

mysql> use mysql; mysql> UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD('root') where USER='root';

Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.04 sec)

Rows matched: 4  Changed: 4  Warnings: 0

修改成功；

另外，如果登录mysql数据库后执行脚本遭遇 ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must SET PASSWORD before executing this statement,可以使用重新设置一次密码即可解决问题.

mysql>set password = password('p12#456'); 

9)本地使用navicat登录mysql，如果遇到“Mysql host '192.168.1.1' is not allowed to connect to this mysql server”

1。 改表法。

可能是你的帐号不允许从远程登陆，只能在localhost。登录安装的那台电脑，登入mysql后，更改 "mysql" 数据库里的 "user" 表里的 "host" 项，从"localhost"改称"%"

mysql>use mysql;

mysql>update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';

mysql>select host, user from user;

2. 授权法。

例如，你想myuser使用mypassword从任何主机连接到mysql服务器的话。

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'myuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword' WITH GRANT OPTION;

FLUSH   PRIVILEGES;

如果你想允许用户myuser从ip为192.168.1.6的主机连接到mysql服务器，并使用mypassword作为密码

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'myuser'@'192.168.1.3' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword' WITH GRANT OPTION;

FLUSH   PRIVILEGES;

如果你想允许用户myuser从ip为192.168.1.6的主机连接到mysql服务器的dk数据库，并使用mypassword作为密码

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON dk.* TO 'myuser'@'192.168.1.3' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword' WITH GRANT OPTION;

FLUSH   PRIVILEGES;

参考资料：

http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-01/111744.htm

http://blog.csdn.net/itlqi/article/details/50592510