tensorflow笔记1——自动下载和安装 MNIST 到 TensorFlow 的 python 源码

在学习tensorflow时，mnist数据集就相当于是程序界的helloworld，所以先跑一下mnist数据集，我采用rnn（循环神经网络）的方式处理。第一步就是要进行自动下载和安装 MNIST 到 TensorFlow 的 python 源码input_data。

inptu_data.py如下：

#!/usr/bin/Python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.## Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.# You may obtain a copy of the License at##     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0## Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and# limitations under the License.# =============================================================================="""Functions for downloading and reading MNIST data."""from __future__ import absolute_importfrom __future__ import divisionfrom __future__ import print_functionimport gzipimport osimport tensorflow.python.platformimport numpyfrom six.moves import urllibfrom six.moves import xrange  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtinimport tensorflow as tffrom tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import mnistSOURCE_URL = 'http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/'def maybe_download(filename, work_directory):  """Download the data from Yann's website, unless it's already here."""  if not os.path.exists(work_directory):    os.mkdir(work_directory)  filepath = os.path.join(work_directory, filename)  if not os.path.exists(filepath):    filepath, _ = urllib.request.urlretrieve(SOURCE_URL + filename, filepath)    statinfo = os.stat(filepath)    print('Successfully downloaded', filename, statinfo.st_size, 'bytes.')  return filepathdef _read32(bytestream):  dt = numpy.dtype(numpy.uint32).newbyteorder('>')  return numpy.frombuffer(bytestream.read(4), dtype=dt)[0]def extract_images(filename):  """Extract the images into a 4D uint8 numpy array [index, y, x, depth]."""  print('Extracting', filename)  with gzip.open(filename) as bytestream:    magic = _read32(bytestream)    if magic != 2051:      raise ValueError(          'Invalid magic number %d in MNIST image file: %s' %          (magic, filename))    num_images = _read32(bytestream)    rows = _read32(bytestream)    cols = _read32(bytestream)    buf = bytestream.read(rows * cols * num_images)    data = numpy.frombuffer(buf, dtype=numpy.uint8)    data = data.reshape(num_images, rows, cols, 1)    return datadef dense_to_one_hot(labels_dense, num_classes=10):  """Convert class labels from scalars to one-hot vectors."""  num_labels = labels_dense.shape[0]  index_offset = numpy.arange(num_labels) * num_classes  labels_one_hot = numpy.zeros((num_labels, num_classes))  labels_one_hot.flat[index_offset + labels_dense.ravel()] = 1  return labels_one_hotdef extract_labels(filename, one_hot=False):  """Extract the labels into a 1D uint8 numpy array [index]."""  print('Extracting', filename)  with gzip.open(filename) as bytestream:    magic = _read32(bytestream)    if magic != 2049:      raise ValueError(          'Invalid magic number %d in MNIST label file: %s' %          (magic, filename))    num_items = _read32(bytestream)    buf = bytestream.read(num_items)    labels = numpy.frombuffer(buf, dtype=numpy.uint8)    if one_hot:      return dense_to_one_hot(labels)    return labelsclass DataSet(object):  def __init__(self, images, labels, fake_data=False, one_hot=False,               dtype=tf.float32):    """Construct a DataSet.    one_hot arg is used only if fake_data is true.  `dtype` can be either    `uint8` to leave the input as `[0, 255]`, or `float32` to rescale into    `[0, 1]`.    """    dtype = tf.as_dtype(dtype).base_dtype    if dtype not in (tf.uint8, tf.float32):      raise TypeError('Invalid image dtype %r, expected uint8 or float32' %                      dtype)    if fake_data:      self._num_examples = 10000      self.one_hot = one_hot    else:      assert images.shape[0] == labels.shape[0], (          'images.shape: %s labels.shape: %s' % (images.shape,                                                 labels.shape))      self._num_examples = images.shape[0]      # Convert shape from [num examples, rows, columns, depth]      # to [num examples, rows*columns] (assuming depth == 1)      assert images.shape[3] == 1      images = images.reshape(images.shape[0],                              images.shape[1] * images.shape[2])      if dtype == tf.float32:        # Convert from [0, 255] -> [0.0, 1.0].        images = images.astype(numpy.float32)        images = numpy.multiply(images, 1.0 / 255.0)    self._images = images    self._labels = labels    self._epochs_completed = 0    self._index_in_epoch = 0  @property  def images(self):    return self._images  @property  def labels(self):    return self._labels  @property  def num_examples(self):    return self._num_examples  @property  def epochs_completed(self):    return self._epochs_completed  def next_batch(self, batch_size, fake_data=False):    """Return the next `batch_size` examples from this data set."""    if fake_data:      fake_image = [1] * 784      if self.one_hot:        fake_label = [1] + [0] * 9      else:        fake_label = 0      return [fake_image for _ in xrange(batch_size)], [          fake_label for _ in xrange(batch_size)]    start = self._index_in_epoch    self._index_in_epoch += batch_size    if self._index_in_epoch > self._num_examples:      # Finished epoch      self._epochs_completed += 1      # Shuffle the data      perm = numpy.arange(self._num_examples)      numpy.random.shuffle(perm)      self._images = self._images[perm]      self._labels = self._labels[perm]      # Start next epoch      start = 0      self._index_in_epoch = batch_size      assert batch_size <= self._num_examples    end = self._index_in_epoch    return self._images[start:end], self._labels[start:end]def read_data_sets(train_dir, fake_data=False, one_hot=False, dtype=tf.float32):  class DataSets(object):    pass  data_sets = DataSets()  if fake_data:    def fake():      return DataSet([], [], fake_data=True, one_hot=one_hot, dtype=dtype)    data_sets.train = fake()    data_sets.validation = fake()    data_sets.test = fake()    return data_sets  TRAIN_IMAGES = 'train-images-idx3-ubyte.gz'  TRAIN_LABELS = 'train-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz'  TEST_IMAGES = 't10k-images-idx3-ubyte.gz'  TEST_LABELS = 't10k-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz'  VALIDATION_SIZE = 5000  local_file = maybe_download(TRAIN_IMAGES, train_dir)  train_images = extract_images(local_file)  local_file = maybe_download(TRAIN_LABELS, train_dir)  train_labels = extract_labels(local_file, one_hot=one_hot)  local_file = maybe_download(TEST_IMAGES, train_dir)  test_images = extract_images(local_file)  local_file = maybe_download(TEST_LABELS, train_dir)  test_labels = extract_labels(local_file, one_hot=one_hot)  validation_images = train_images[:VALIDATION_SIZE]  validation_labels = train_labels[:VALIDATION_SIZE]  train_images = train_images[VALIDATION_SIZE:]  train_labels = train_labels[VALIDATION_SIZE:]  data_sets.train = DataSet(train_images, train_labels, dtype=dtype)  data_sets.validation = DataSet(validation_images, validation_labels,                                 dtype=dtype)  data_sets.test = DataSet(test_images, test_labels, dtype=dtype)  return data_sets

然后在主程序中加入：

import input_datamnist = input_data.read_data_sets("MNIST_data/", one_hot=True)

mnist数据集就被下载好了。