序列化和反序列化

序列化：将实体对象序列化为指定格式，如序列化为XML文件又或者是序列化为JSON字符串等。
反序列化：将XML文件或者JSON字符串等转换为实体对象。

准备实体数据

1.首先新建一个控制台工程，建立实体Company（公司类）、Employee（员工类）、ESex（性别枚举）

    public class Company    {        /// <summary>        /// 公司名称        /// </summary>        public string Name { get; set; }        /// <summary>        /// 注册时间        /// </summary>        public DateTime RegistrationTime { get; set; }        /// <summary>        /// 注册资金        /// </summary>        public int RegistrationCapital { get; set; }        /// <summary>        /// 公司员工        /// </summary>        public List<Employee> employees { get; set; }        public override string ToString()        {            return string.Format("Name:{0}\nRegistrationTime:{1}\nRegistrationCapital:{2}\nemployeesNumber:{3}", Name, RegistrationTime.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), RegistrationCapital, employees.Count());        }    }    public class Employee    {        /// <summary>        ///员工名称        /// </summary>        public string Name { get; set; }        /// <summary>        /// 入职时间        /// </summary>        public DateTime InductionTime { get; set; }        /// <summary>        /// 年龄        /// </summary>        public int Age { get; set; }        /// <summary>        /// 性别        /// </summary>        public ESex Sex { get; set; }        public override string ToString()        {            return string.Format("Name:{0}\nInductionTime:{1}\nAge:{2}\nSex:{3}", Name, InductionTime.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), Age, Sex);        }    }    public enum ESex    {        man,        woman    }

2.准备测试数据

#region 准备测试数据            List<Employee> ems = new List<Employee>() {                 new Employee(){ Age=22, InductionTime=new DateTime(2012, 2, 1), Name="张三", Sex=ESex.man},                new Employee(){ Age=32, InductionTime=new DateTime(2012, 5, 1), Name="李四", Sex=ESex.man},                new Employee(){ Age=18, InductionTime=new DateTime(2014, 7, 5), Name="赵婷", Sex=ESex.woman}            };            Company company = new Company()            {                Name = "上海点点乐信息科技有限公司",                RegistrationCapital = 5000000,                RegistrationTime = new DateTime(2012, 1, 1),                employees = ems            };            #endregion

序列化XML

对于XML的序列化和反序列化我们需要用到System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer 类

分析需求得出，需要将什么类型的对象序列化为XML，XML文件的保存路径是什么，如果当前路径目录不存在，还需要先创建目录。

 /// <summary>        /// 创建目录和文件        /// </summary>        /// <param name="path">路径</param>        /// <param name="isfile">路径是否是文件（默认是）</param>        /// <returns></returns>        public static bool CreateFileToDirectory(string path, bool isfile = true)        {            FileStream fs = null;            try            {                if (!isfile)                {                    if (!System.IO.Directory.Exists(path))                        Directory.CreateDirectory(path);                }                else                {                    string directorypath = path.Substring(0, path.LastIndexOf("/"));//截取目录                    if (!System.IO.Directory.Exists(directorypath))                        Directory.CreateDirectory(directorypath);                    if (!System.IO.File.Exists(path))                        fs = File.Create(path);                }            }            catch (Exception ex)            {                throw ex;            }            finally            {                if (fs != null)                    fs.Close();            }            return true;        }

/// <summary>        /// 序列化为XML        /// </summary>        /// <param name="obj">序列化对象</param>        /// <param name="filepath">XML保存路径</param>        /// <returns>返回true序列化成功，否则失败</returns>        public static bool SerializeXml(Object obj, string filepath)        {            bool result = false;            FileStream fs = null;            try            {                CreateFileToDirectory(filepath);                fs = new FileStream(filepath, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.ReadWrite);                System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer serializer = new System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(obj.GetType());                serializer.Serialize(fs, obj);                result = true;            }            catch (Exception ex)            {                throw ex;            }            finally            {                if (fs != null)                    fs.Close();            }            return result;        }

反序列化XML

需要将那个路径的XML文件反序列化为什么类型的实体对象？

/// <summary>        /// 反序列化XML        /// </summary>        /// <param name="type">反序列化的类型</param>        /// <param name="filepath">XML文件路径</param>        /// <returns>返回obj对象</returns>        public static object DeserializeXml(Type type, string filepath)        {            FileStream fs = null;            try            {                fs = new FileStream(filepath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.ReadWrite);                System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer serializer = new System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(type);                return serializer.Deserialize(fs);            }            catch (Exception ex)            {                throw ex;            }            finally            {                if (fs != null)                    fs.Close();            }        }        /// <summary>        /// 反序列化XML        /// </summary>        /// <typeparam name="T">类型参数</typeparam>        /// <param name="type">反序列化的类型</param>        /// <param name="filepath">XML文件路径</param>        /// <returns>返回T类型对象</returns>        public static T DeserializeXml<T>(string filepath)        {            FileStream fs = null;            try            {                fs = new FileStream(filepath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.ReadWrite);                System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer serializer = new System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(typeof(T));                return (T)serializer.Deserialize(fs);            }            catch (Exception ex)            {                throw ex;            }            finally            {                if (fs != null)                    fs.Close();            }        }

序列化和反序列化JSON

序列化JSON需要用到 Newtonsoft.Json.dll库，可在引用上右键管理Nuget程序搜索json.net来安装引用

/// <summary>        /// 序列化为JSON        /// </summary>        /// <param name="obj">序列化对象</param>        /// <returns>返回json字符串</returns>        public static string SerializeJson(Object obj)        {            return Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(obj);        }        /// <summary>        /// 反序列化JSON        /// </summary>        /// <typeparam name="T">类型参数</typeparam>        /// <param name="value">json字符串</param>        /// <returns>返回T类型对象对象</returns>        public static T DeserializeJson<T>(string value)        {            return Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(value);        }

完整代码

IOHelper.cs

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.Threading.Tasks;using System.IO;namespace ConsoleApplication38{    public sealed class IOHelper    {        /// <summary>        /// 反序列化XML        /// </summary>        /// <param name="type">反序列化的类型</param>        /// <param name="filepath">XML文件路径</param>        /// <returns>返回obj对象</returns>        public static object DeserializeXml(Type type, string filepath)        {            FileStream fs = null;            try            {                fs = new FileStream(filepath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.ReadWrite);                System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer serializer = new System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(type);                return serializer.Deserialize(fs);            }            catch (Exception ex)            {                throw ex;            }            finally            {                if (fs != null)                    fs.Close();            }        }        /// <summary>        /// 反序列化XML        /// </summary>        /// <typeparam name="T">类型参数</typeparam>        /// <param name="type">反序列化的类型</param>        /// <param name="filepath">XML文件路径</param>        /// <returns>返回T类型对象</returns>        public static T DeserializeXml<T>(string filepath)        {            FileStream fs = null;            try            {                fs = new FileStream(filepath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.ReadWrite);                System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer serializer = new System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(typeof(T));                return (T)serializer.Deserialize(fs);            }            catch (Exception ex)            {                throw ex;            }            finally            {                if (fs != null)                    fs.Close();            }        }        /// <summary>        /// 序列化为XML        /// </summary>        /// <param name="obj">序列化对象</param>        /// <param name="filepath">XML保存路径</param>        /// <returns>返回true序列化成功，否则失败</returns>        public static bool SerializeXml(Object obj, string filepath)        {            bool result = false;            FileStream fs = null;            try            {                CreateFileToDirectory(filepath);                fs = new FileStream(filepath, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.ReadWrite);                System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer serializer = new System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(obj.GetType());                serializer.Serialize(fs, obj);                result = true;            }            catch (Exception ex)            {                throw ex;            }            finally            {                if (fs != null)                    fs.Close();            }            return result;        }        /// <summary>        /// 序列化为JSON        /// </summary>        /// <param name="obj">序列化对象</param>        /// <returns>返回json字符串</returns>        public static string SerializeJson(Object obj)        {            return Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(obj);        }        /// <summary>        /// 反序列化JSON        /// </summary>        /// <typeparam name="T">类型参数</typeparam>        /// <param name="value">json字符串</param>        /// <returns>返回T类型对象对象</returns>        public static T DeserializeJson<T>(string value)        {            return Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(value);        }        /// <summary>        /// 创建目录和文件        /// </summary>        /// <param name="path">路径</param>        /// <param name="isfile">路径是否是文件（默认是）</param>        /// <returns></returns>        public static bool CreateFileToDirectory(string path, bool isfile = true)        {            FileStream fs = null;            try            {                if (!isfile)                {                    if (!System.IO.Directory.Exists(path))                        Directory.CreateDirectory(path);                }                else                {                    string directorypath = path.Substring(0, path.LastIndexOf("/"));//截取目录                    if (!System.IO.Directory.Exists(directorypath))                        Directory.CreateDirectory(directorypath);                    if (!System.IO.File.Exists(path))                        fs = File.Create(path);                }            }            catch (Exception ex)            {                throw ex;            }            finally            {                if (fs != null)                    fs.Close();            }            return true;        }    }}

Program.cs

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.IO;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace ConsoleApplication38{    class Program    {        static void Main(string[] args)        {            #region 准备测试数据            List<Employee> ems = new List<Employee>() {                 new Employee(){ Age=22, InductionTime=new DateTime(2012, 2, 1), Name="张三", Sex=ESex.man},                new Employee(){ Age=32, InductionTime=new DateTime(2012, 5, 1), Name="李四", Sex=ESex.man},                new Employee(){ Age=18, InductionTime=new DateTime(2014, 7, 5), Name="赵婷", Sex=ESex.woman}            };            Company company = new Company()            {                Name = "上海点点乐信息科技有限公司",                RegistrationCapital = 5000000,                RegistrationTime = new DateTime(2012, 1, 1),                employees = ems            };            #endregion            #region 序列化XML            if (IOHelper.SerializeXml(company, "../Config/CompanyConfig.config"))                Console.WriteLine("序列化成功");            else                Console.WriteLine("序列化失败");            Console.WriteLine("===============================华丽的分割线===============================");            if (IOHelper.SerializeXml(ems, "../Config/EmployeeConfig.config"))                Console.WriteLine("序列化成功");            else                Console.WriteLine("序列化失败");            #endregion            Console.WriteLine("===============================华丽的分割线===============================");            #region 反序列化XML            Company x_company = (Company)IOHelper.DeserializeXml(typeof(Company), "../Config/CompanyConfig.config");            Console.WriteLine(x_company.ToString());            foreach (var item in x_company.employees)            {                Console.WriteLine(item.ToString());            }            Console.WriteLine("===============================华丽的分割线===============================");            List<Employee> x_employees = IOHelper.DeserializeXml<List<Employee>>("../Config/EmployeeConfig.config");            foreach (var item in x_employees)            {                Console.WriteLine(item.ToString());            }            #endregion            Console.WriteLine("===============================华丽的分割线===============================");            #region 序列化JSON            string json_company = IOHelper.SerializeJson(company);            Console.WriteLine(IOHelper.SerializeJson(json_company));            Console.WriteLine("===============================华丽的分割线===============================");            string json_ems = IOHelper.SerializeJson(ems);            Console.WriteLine(json_ems);            #endregion            Console.WriteLine("===============================华丽的分割线===============================");            #region 反序列化JSON            Company j_company = IOHelper.DeserializeJson<Company>(json_company);            Console.WriteLine(j_company.ToString());            foreach (var item in j_company.employees)            {                Console.WriteLine(item.ToString());            }            Console.WriteLine("===============================华丽的分割线===============================");            List<Employee> j_employees = IOHelper.DeserializeJson<List<Employee>>(json_ems);            foreach (var item in j_employees)            {                Console.WriteLine(item.ToString());            }            #endregion        }    }    public class Company    {        /// <summary>        /// 公司名称        /// </summary>        public string Name { get; set; }        /// <summary>        /// 注册时间        /// </summary>        public DateTime RegistrationTime { get; set; }        /// <summary>        /// 注册资金        /// </summary>        public int RegistrationCapital { get; set; }        /// <summary>        /// 公司员工        /// </summary>        public List<Employee> employees { get; set; }        public override string ToString()        {            return string.Format("Name:{0}\nRegistrationTime:{1}\nRegistrationCapital:{2}\nemployeesNumber:{3}", Name, RegistrationTime.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), RegistrationCapital, employees.Count());        }    }    public class Employee    {        /// <summary>        ///员工名称        /// </summary>        public string Name { get; set; }        /// <summary>        /// 入职时间        /// </summary>        public DateTime InductionTime { get; set; }        /// <summary>        /// 年龄        /// </summary>        public int Age { get; set; }        /// <summary>        /// 性别        /// </summary>        public ESex Sex { get; set; }        public override string ToString()        {            return string.Format("Name:{0}\nInductionTime:{1}\nAge:{2}\nSex:{3}", Name, InductionTime.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), Age, Sex);        }    }    public enum ESex    {        man,        woman    }}