[Spring实战系列]

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由于之前使用的《spring实战》第二版版本太老，所以我在接下来的文章会开始使用《spring实战》第四版。在第四版的书中，书从第五章就开始使用MVC进行web开发，和本系列的专题进度相仿，所以我会从第五章重新开始。另外，在第四版的书中，给了一个SpringMVC开发类似twitter的网站的例子，我也会根据这个例子，来展示如何使SpringMVC。

在这本书和我们之前构建SpringMVC的方式不同，作者使用的是纯Java配置的方式，极少的应用了XML。我觉得这是很好的一种方式，方便快捷。但是，我们之前XML的方式，条理也很清晰，不是么？

1.构建一个maven的项目，在maven的项目结构下新建包，完善项目结构：

2.配置你的pom.xml中的依赖：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  <groupId>com.example</groupId>  <artifactId>spitter</artifactId>  <packaging>war</packaging>  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>  <name>spitter Maven Webapp</name>  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>  <properties>    <!-- Generic properties -->    <java.version>1.6</java.version>    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>    <!-- Web -->    <jsp.version>2.2</jsp.version>    <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>    <servlet.version>3.1.0</servlet.version>    <!-- Spring -->    <spring-framework.version>3.2.3.RELEASE</spring-framework.version>    <!-- Hibernate / JPA -->    <hibernate.version>4.2.1.Final</hibernate.version>    <!-- Logging -->    <logback.version>1.0.13</logback.version>    <slf4j.version>1.7.5</slf4j.version>    <!-- Test -->    <junit.version>4.11</junit.version>  </properties>  <dependencies>    <!-- Spring MVC -->    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>      <version>${spring-framework.version}</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>      <version>${spring-framework.version}</version>    </dependency>    <!-- Other Web dependencies -->    <dependency>      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>      <version>${jstl.version}</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>      <version>${servlet.version}</version>      <scope>provided</scope>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>      <version>${jsp.version}</version>      <scope>provided</scope>    </dependency>    <!-- Spring and Transactions -->    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>      <version>${spring-framework.version}</version>    </dependency>    <!-- Logging with SLF4J & LogBack -->    <dependency>      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>      <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>      <version>${slf4j.version}</version>      <scope>compile</scope>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>      <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>      <version>${logback.version}</version>      <scope>runtime</scope>    </dependency>    <!-- Hibernate -->    <dependency>      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>      <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>      <version>${hibernate.version}</version>    </dependency>    <!-- Test Artifacts -->    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>      <version>${spring-framework.version}</version>      <scope>test</scope>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>junit</groupId>      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>      <version>${junit.version}</version>      <scope>test</scope>    </dependency>    <!-- Apache Commons Lang, a package of Java utility classes for the classes        that are in java. -->    <dependency>      <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>      <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>      <version>3.4</version>    </dependency>    <!-- Mock objects library for java -->    <dependency>      <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>      <artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>      <version>1.10.19</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>javax.validation</groupId>      <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>      <version>1.1.0.Final</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>      <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>      <version>4.2.0.Final</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.apache.tiles</groupId>      <artifactId>tiles-jsp</artifactId>      <version>3.0.5</version>    </dependency>    <!-- XML/XHTML/HTML5 template engine for Java -->    <dependency>      <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>      <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring3</artifactId>      <version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>      <artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId>      <version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>    </dependency>    <!--            <dependency>                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>                <version>1.3.3.RELEASE</version>            </dependency>     -->    <!-- MySQL JDBC Type 4 driver -->    <dependency>      <groupId>mysql</groupId>      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>      <version>5.1.38</version>    </dependency>  </dependencies>  <build>    <finalName>spitter</finalName>    <plugins>      <plugin>        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>        <version>3.0</version>        <configuration>          <source>1.7</source>          <target>1.7</target>        </configuration>      </plugin>      <plugin>        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>        <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>        <version>2.6</version>        <configuration>          <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>        </configuration>      </plugin>    </plugins>  </build></project>

3. 构建配置我们的DispatcherServlet

DispatcherServlet作为我们SpringMVC的核心，是我们需要首先配置组件。在我们使用Java配置时，要构建类似这样的一个类：

package spitter.config;/** * Created by YanMing on 2017/2/26. */import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;public class SpittrWebAppInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {    @Override    protected String[] getServletMappings() {        return new String[] { "/" };    }    @Override    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {        return new Class<?>[] { RootConfig.class };    }    @Override    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {        return new Class<?>[] { WebConfig.class };    }}

这个类继承了AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer，他是用来配置我们的DispatcherServlet，初始化我们Spring的容器的。getServletMappings()函数，类似于我们之前配置的，我们的URL起始是以"/"的。对比我们之前的配置方法，你是不是突然想到我们之前用过的一个很重要的东西？上下文载入器！对，就是我们之前使用过的ContextLoaderListener。这个是用来监听我们配置Spring的xml文件的。现在我们使用RootConfig和WebConfig

WebConfig:

package spitter.config;/** * Created by YanMing on 2017/2/26. */import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer;import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;@Configuration@EnableWebMvc@ComponentScan("spitter.web") public class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {        @Bean    public ViewResolver viewResolver() {        InternalResourceViewResolver resolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();        resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");        resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");        resolver.setExposeContextBeansAsAttributes(true);        return resolver;    }    @Override    public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {        configurer.enable();    }}

在WebConfig中，我们首先使用@configuration注解，告诉Spring这是一个配置类，同时，使用@ComponentScan注解，声明Controller存在的包。声明一个用于解析视图的Bean，告诉Servlet，jsp文件的存在路径。

RootConfig：

package spitter.config;/** * Created by YanMing on 2017/2/26. */import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan.Filter;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;@Configuration@ComponentScan(basePackages = { "spitter" }, excludeFilters = {        @Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, value = EnableWebMvc.class) })public class RootConfig {}

由于这个小例子是用于web开发的所以，在《Spring实战》也没有对RootConfig进行过多的解释。RootConfig配置了基础包的路径。

4.编写你的控制器：

package spitter.web;/** * Created by YanMing on 2017/2/26. */import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;@Controller // 声明一个控制器public class HomeController {    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello", method = RequestMethod.GET) // 处理GET请求    public String home() {        return "home";    }}

5.在/web-inf/views/写一个简单的jsp首页：

<%--  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.  User: YanMing  Date: 2017/2/26  Time: 16:01  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.--%><%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"         pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%><%@ taglib prefix="spring" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags"%><html><head>    <meta charset="utf-8">    <title>Spittr</title>    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"          href="<c:url value="/resources/style.css" />"></head><body><h1>Welcome to Spittr</h1><a href="<c:url value="/spittles" />">Spittles</a> |<a href="<c:url value="/spitter/register" />">Register</a></body></html>

在如果你把上述代码输入intellij，idea可能会在两个链接处报错。不用理他，这是因为我们还没有完善这两个链接对应的controller。

6.像之前那样配置tomcat：

如果你忘了tomcat配置，这里是传送门！

7.运行tomcat，输入 http://localhost:8080/hello

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