springmvc入门

1.新建maven工程

参考这篇文章正确新建maven工程

2.配置pom.xml拉取jar包

假如我是这么新建maven工程的。

经过第一步的调整并加上spring mvc所需要的jar包，最后我的pom.xml是这样的：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  <groupId>net.csdn</groupId>  <artifactId>SpringMVCPrac</artifactId>  <packaging>war</packaging>  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>  <name>SpringMVCPrac Maven Webapp</name>  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>  <properties>    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>    <spring.version>4.2.5.RELEASE</spring.version>  </properties>  <dependencies>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>      <version>${spring.version}</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>junit</groupId>      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>      <version>3.8.1</version>      <scope>test</scope>    </dependency>  </dependencies>  <build>    <finalName>SpringMVCPrac</finalName>    <plugins>        <plugin>              <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>            <version>3.1</version>            <configuration>                <source>1.8</source>                <target>1.8</target>            </configuration>        </plugin>        <plugin>            <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>            <version>2.6</version>        </plugin>    </plugins>  </build></project>

spring-webmvc依赖其他jar包，maven会自动的下载其他相关jar包。

web.xml是这样的：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"      xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"      xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee           http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"      id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1"><web-app>  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name></web-app>

Java Build Path是这样的：

Project Facets是这样的：

3.使用spring mvc

1）配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"      xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"      xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee           http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"      id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>  <servlet>    <servlet-name>spring-mvc</servlet-name>    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>    <init-param>      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>      <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc-servlet.xml</param-value>    </init-param>    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>  </servlet>  <servlet-mapping>      <servlet-name>spring-mvc</servlet-name>      <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>  </servlet-mapping>   <!-- Other XML Configuration -->  <!-- Load by Spring ContextLoaderListener -->  <context-param>      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>      <param-value>classpath:root-context.xml</param-value>  </context-param>   <!-- Spring ContextLoaderListener -->  <listener>      <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>  </listener></web-app>

这里的root-context.xml是预留一个位置，以后可以加载其他的配置文件，比如spring-security的配置文件。这一步不是必需的。
2）在src/main/resources下新建root-context.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <!-- Empty --></beans>

3）在src/main/resources下新建spring-mvc-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"   xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"   xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc     http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">  <context:component-scan base-package="net.csdn.controller" /><!--   <context:annotation-config /> --><!--   <mvc:default-servlet-handler /> -->  <mvc:annotation-driven />  <mvc:resources mapping="/**" location="/" />  <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">    <property name="prefix">        <value>/WEB-INF/jsp/</value>    </property>    <property name="suffix">        <value>.jsp</value>    </property>  </bean></beans>

注意从spring4开始.xsd不需要再带上版本号了。另外配置一个component-scan和annotation-driven就行了。
4）在src/main/java下新建类HelloController.java

package net.csdn.controller;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.ui.Model;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;@Controllerpublic class HelloController {    @RequestMapping(value="/hello",method=RequestMethod.GET)    public String sayHello(Model model) {        model.addAttribute("msg", "Hello, World453!");        return "hello";    }}

5）在WEB-INF下新建jsp文件夹，在jsp文件夹里新建hello.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><%String path = request.getContextPath();String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";pageContext.setAttribute("basePath", basePath);%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>hello springmvc</title></head><body>    ${msg}</body></html>

6）将SpringMVCPrac添加到Server里，启动tomcat
在浏览器地址栏输入http://localhost:8080/SpringMVCPrac/hello看到如下效果