Python GUI框架Tkinter简介

Python在GUI方面并不强，相比wxpython而言，Tkinter内置于python库中，无需另外安装，同时基本的控件也满足日常需求，本文主要罗列Tkinter的基本控件用法，同时文末放出用Tkinter改写的monkey脚本供大家参考。

Tkinter 组件
Tkinter的提供各种控件，如按钮，标签和文本框，一个GUI应用程序中使用。这些控件通常被称为控件或者部件。
目前有15种Tkinter的部件。我们提出这些部件以及一个简短的介绍，在下面的表:

标准属性
标准属性也就是所有控件的共同属性，如大小，字体和颜色等等。

几何管理
Tkinter控件有特定的几何状态管理方法，管理整个控件区域组织，一下是Tkinter公开的几何管理类：包、网格、位置

各控件的详细用法
http://blog.csdn.net/aa1049372051/article/category/6302208

贴上用Tkinter改造的monkey脚本，mac环境编译通过

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from tkinter import *import osimport timedelayDefault = "2"seedDefault = "5000000"executionFrequencyDefault = "60000000"logDir = "./"package_default = "com.genyannetwork.qiyuesuo.debug "def read_click():    clear_list()    os.system("adb shell ls data/data > ~/log.log")    home = os.path.expanduser('~')    f = open(home + "/log.log", 'r')    line = f.readline()    while line:        line = f.readline()        if (line != ""):            print "====" + line            package_list_box.insert(END, line)    f.close()def select_all_click():    package_list_box.select_set(0, package_list_box.size())def un_select_click():    package_list_box.select_clear(0, package_list_box.size())def clear_list():    package_list_box.delete(0, package_list_box.size())def reset():    list_files("/sdcard/mtklog")    seed_var.set(seedDefault)    execute_num_value.set(executionFrequencyDefault)    delay_num_var.set(delayDefault)    log_value.set(2)    execute_mode_value.set(5)def quick_start_click():    monkeyCmd = "adb shell monkey" + " -p " + package_default + "  --throttle 2 -s 5000000 -v -v -v --ignore-timeouts  60000000 > trace.log"    clear_list()    package_list_box.insert(END, "执行命令：")    package_list_box.insert(END, monkeyCmd)    os.system(monkeyCmd)    print '-----------monkey finish----------'def start_click():    start_cmd()def start_cmd():    date = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%m%s', time.localtime(time.time()))    package_section = ""    print "select package count:" + str(len(package_list_box.curselection()))    for i in package_list_box.curselection():        package = package_list_box.get(i)        print package        pack = package.strip('\r\n')        package_section += (" -p " + pack)    print package_section    seed_section = " -s " + seed_var.get()    delay_section = " --throttle " + delay_num_var.get()    log_section = ""    mode_section = ""    log_id = log_value.get()    if (log_id == 0):        log_section += " -v"    elif (log_id == 1):        log_section += " -v -v"    elif (log_id == 2):        log_section += " -v -v -v"    mode_id = execute_mode_value.get()    mode_id = 1    mode = [" --ignore-crashes ",            " --ignore-timeouts ",            " --ignore-security-exceptions ",            " --ignore-native-crashes ",            " --monitor-native-crashes "]    if (mode_id == 0):        mode_section = mode[0]    elif (mode_id == 1):        mode_section = mode[1]    elif (mode_id == 2):        mode_section = mode[2]    elif (mode_id == 3):        mode_section = mode[3]    elif (mode_id == 4):        mode_section = mode[4]    else:        mode_section = mode[0] + mode[1] + mode[2] + mode[3] + mode[4]    ##############   create monkey log dir ###############                 usr_home = os.path.expanduser('~')    os.chdir(usr_home)    logDir = "MonkeyLog_" + date    os.system("mkdir " + logDir)    logDir = os.path.join(usr_home, logDir)    print logDir    os.chdir(logDir)    ###############  record monkey trace ################    monkeyCmd = "adb shell monkey "    monkeyCmd = monkeyCmd + delay_section + seed_section + package_section + log_section + mode_section    monkeyCmd = monkeyCmd + " " + execute_num_value.get() + " > trace.log"    print monkeyCmd    os.system(monkeyCmd)    print '-----------monkey finish----------'def build_log():    os.chdir(logDir)    print logDir    date = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M', time.localtime(time.time()))    dir_m = "Monkey_Log_" + date.replace("-", "")    dir0 = "sdcard0_mtklog"    dir1 = "sdcard1_mtklog"    if (os.path.exists(dir_m + "/" + dir0)):        print "already exists"    else:        os.system("mkdir -p " + dir_m + "/" + dir0)    if (os.path.exists(dir_m + "/" + dir1)):        print "already exists"    else:        os.system("mkdir -p " + dir_m + "/" + dir1)    os.chdir(dir_m)    os.system("adb pull /storage/sdcard0/mtklog/ " + dir0)    os.system("adb pull /storage/sdcard1/mtklog/ " + dir1)    build_fatal_log(os.getcwd())def build_fatal_log(path):    list_files(path)def list_files(path):    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):        log_f = ""        for f in files:            if (f.find("main") == 0):                log_f = f.strip()                os.chdir(root)                if (log_f != ""):                    grep_cmd = "grep -Eni -B20 -A20 'FATAL|error|exception|system.err|androidruntime' " + log_f + " > " + log_f + "_fatal.log"                    os.system(grep_cmd)    print "--------------finish build log-----------------"if __name__ == '__main__':    app = Tk()    frame = LabelFrame(app, height=800, width=500).pack()    xPos = 10    xPos1 = 100    yPos = 12    yDelta = 40    execute_mode = ["忽略程序崩溃",                    "忽略程序无响应",                    "忽略安全异常",                    "出错中断程序",                    "本地代码导致的崩溃",                    "默认"                    ]    log_mode = ["简单", "普通", "详细"]    menuBar = Menu(app)    menu1 = Menu(menuBar, tearoff=0)    menuBar.add_cascade(label="File1", menu=menu1)    Label(frame, text="种子数:").place(x=xPos, y=yPos)    seed_var = StringVar()    seedCtrl = Entry(frame, textvariable=seed_var).place(x=xPos1, y=yPos)    Label(frame, text="执行次数:").place(x=xPos, y=yPos + yDelta)    execute_num_value = StringVar()    execute_num_ctrl = Entry(frame, textvariable=execute_num_value).place(x=xPos1, y=yPos + yDelta)    Label(frame, text="延时:").place(x=xPos, y=yPos + 2 * yDelta)    delay_num_var = StringVar()    delay_num_ctrl = Entry(frame, textvariable=delay_num_var).place(x=xPos1, y=yPos + 2 * yDelta)    Label(frame, text="执行方式:").place(x=xPos, y=yPos + 3 * yDelta)    execute_mode_value = IntVar()    execute_mode_value.set(1)    for i in range(len(execute_mode)):        Radiobutton(frame,                    variable=execute_mode_value,                    indicatoron=0,                    text=execute_mode[i],                    value=i                    ).place(x=xPos1, y=yPos + (3 + i) * yDelta)    Label(frame, text="日志输出等级:").place(x=xPos1 + 180, y=yPos + 3 * yDelta)    log_value = IntVar()    log_value.set(1)    for i in range(len(log_mode)):        Radiobutton(frame,                    variable=log_value,                    indicatoron=0,                    text=log_mode[i],                    value=i).place(x=xPos1 + 280, y=yPos + (3 + i) * yDelta)    button_text = ["读取程序", "全部选择", "全部取消", "默认参数", "一键开始", "开始执行", "生成日志"]    Button(frame, text=button_text[0], command=read_click).place(x=xPos, y=yPos + 9 * yDelta)    Button(frame, text=button_text[1], command=select_all_click).place(x=xPos + 100, y=yPos + 9 * yDelta)    Button(frame, text=button_text[2], command=un_select_click).place(x=xPos + 100 * 2, y=yPos + 9 * yDelta)    Button(frame, text=button_text[3], command=reset).place(x=xPos + 100 * 3, y=yPos + 9 * yDelta)    Button(frame, text=button_text[4], command=quick_start_click).place(x=xPos, y=yPos + 10 * yDelta)    Button(frame, text=button_text[5], command=start_click).place(x=xPos + 100, y=yPos + 10 * yDelta)    Button(frame, text=button_text[6], command=build_log).place(x=xPos + 100 * 2, y=yPos + 10 * yDelta)    check_list_box_value = StringVar()    package_list_box = Listbox(frame, height=20, width=50, selectmode=MULTIPLE,                               listvariable=check_list_box_value)    package_list_box.place(x=xPos, y=yPos + 11 * yDelta)    for item in ['欢迎使用monkey自动测试工具', '请连接好手机后，点击读取程序开始']:        package_list_box.insert(END, item)    app.mainloop()