python后台开发整理

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用惯了C系语言,用python还是有点不习惯,因为python是动态语言,不需要声明变量,在赋值时是什么类型,就是什么类型,想看变量类型,用好print和type()命令就好了,在理解动态语言和静态语言,强类型和弱类型的过程中,碰到一篇不错的科普文[语言类型]。(http://www.cnblogs.com/yaoxiaodan/p/5285735.html)

在使用过程中,python的许多命令感觉和Linux下的shell十分相似,嵌了很多轮子可以直接拿来用,想要看一个函数的用法或者模块的使用,只要用好help(’ ‘)即可。

decode和encode则能解决大部分python中出现的乱码问题,python使用的是Unicode编码,

  • decode 的作用是将其他编码的字符串转换成 Unicode 编码,eg name.decode(“GB2312”),表示将GB2312编码的字符串name转换成Unicode编码
    表示这个对象按照对象解码,在python环境下显示输出就正常了。

  • encode 的作用是将Unicode编码转换成其他编码的字符串,eg name.encode(”GB2312“),表示将GB2312编码的字符串name转换成GB2312编码
    name对象就像被加密了,这时候显示输出就是乱码。

而开头的注释是指python源文件中存在非ASCII码字符,则需在头部进行编码声明,编码问题详解
python 只检查 #、coding 和编码字符串,所以在编码声明语句出现其他字符也没有关系,其编码说明的正则表达式为:

\%^.*\n.∗\?#.*coding[:=]\s*[0-9A-Za-z-_.]\+.*$  

关于正则表达式Re通常用作字符串匹配,python因此也经常拿来写写爬虫,给自己挖个坑,有时间再详述。

没有编码说明,而又有非ASCII码,就会出现这样的情况:
没有编码声明

一个月的开发实习,基于web.py框架,主要是跟数据库打交道,提交表单,更新表单,增删查改
一个小练习的后台代码:

#encoding:utf8 import webdef count_tax(arg) :    argc=arg-3500;    if argc > 0:            if argc>80000:            tax = (argc-80000)*0.45 + 25000*0.35 + 20000*0.3 + 26000*0.25 + 4500*0.2 + 3000*0.1 + 1500*0.03;        elif argc > 55000:            tax = (argc-55000)*0.35 + 20000*0.3 + 26000*0.25 + 4500*0.2 + 3000*0.1 + 1500*0.03;        elif argc > 35000:            tax = (argc-35000)*0.3 + 26000*0.25 + 4500*0.2 + 3000*0.1 + 1500*0.03;        elif argc > 9000:            tax = (argc-9000)*0.25 + 4500*0.2 + 3000*0.1 + 1500*0.03;        elif argc > 4500:            tax = (argc-4500)*0.2 + 3000*0.1 + 1500*0.03;        elif argc > 1500:            tax = (argc-1500)*0.1 + 1500*0.03;        else:            tax=argc*0.03;    else:        tax=0;    print tax;    return tax;db = web.database(dbn="mysql",user="root",pw="987654321",db="test",charset='utf8')urls = (    '/', 'index',    '/add','add',    '/delete','delete',    '/view/(.*)', 'view',    '/change','change',    '/deleteSelect','deleteSelect',    '/changePage','changePage',    '/search','search')render = web.template.render('template/')class view:    def GET(self,uri):        i = web.input()        for key,val in i.iteritems():            id = int(val)        update_user = db.select('user', where="id=$id",vars=locals() )        return render.update(update_user)class index:    def GET(self):        staff = db.select('user',offset =0, limit = 5)        sum = db.query("select count(*)from user")        count = sum[0]['count(*)']        print count         currentPage = 1        return render.index(staff,currentPage,count)class add:    """docstring for add"""    def POST(self):        i = web.input()        print i        if(i.salary == ''):            n = db.insert('user',name = i.name)        else:            n = db.insert('user',name = i.name,salary = i.salary,tax = count_tax(int(i.salary)))        raise web.seeother('/')class delete:    def POST(self):        params = web.input()        g = int(params['deleteId'])        # print type(g)        # web.debug('*'*20, locals())        #where is special ,vars is useful to where        db.delete('user', where="id=$g",vars = locals() )        raise web.seeother('/')class change:    def POST(self):        i = web.input()        print i        oldId = i['oldId']        updName = i['name']        db.update('user',where="id=$oldId",name=updName,salary=i['salary'],tax=count_tax(int(i['salary'])), vars = locals())        raise web.seeother('/')class deleteSelect:    def POST(self):        #之前若不指定默认参数,则,是一个字典,构造的时候根据键唯一,后面的覆盖        i=web.input(checkbox=[])        for n in i['checkbox']:            n = int(n)            db.delete('user', where="id=$n",vars = locals() )        raise web.seeother('/')class changePage:    def POST(self):        i = web.input()        currentPage = int(i['inputForpage'])        print currentPage        devi = (currentPage-1)*5        staff = db.select('user',offset = devi, limit = 5)        #重新统计个数是有必要的,因为数据库可能发生变动        sum = db.query("select count(*)from user")        count = sum[0]['count(*)']        print count         print currentPage        return render.index(staff,currentPage,count)class search(object):    """docstring for search"""    def POST(self):        i = web.input()        content = i['searchContent']        print content        records = db.query("select * from user where name LIKE $content or salary LIKE $content  or tax LIKE $content ",vars={'content':'%' + content + '%'})        print records        sum = db.query("select count(*)from user")        count = sum[0]['count(*)']        return render.index(records,1,count)if __name__ == "__main__":    app = web.application(urls, globals())    app.run()
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