j2me中socket的开发

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J2ME中使用socket开发联网程序

2007-09-07 10:30

在J2ME中基于UDP协议编程一文中介绍了如何使用Datagram和DatagramConnection来开发应用程序，本文将主要讲述在MIDP2.0中使用ServerSocketConnection和SocketConnection来开发联网应用程序。TCP协议是可以保证传输的质量的，这也是他和UDP的一大区别。由于以上谈到的四个类都属于GCF，他们在程序编写方面也非常相似，通常我们在Server端的某个端口监听，当客户端连接服务器的时候，则可以得到一个SocketConnection的实例。通过两端的SocketConnection则可以实现C/S结构的通信了。

    首先看一下，ServerSocketConnection类，它的一个非常重要的方法就是acceptAndOpen()方法，这个方法返回一个SocketConnection实例，从而使得客户端和服务器端可以通过socket通信了。典型的代码如下：

// Create the server listening socket for port 1234
   ServerSocketConnection scn = (ServerSocketConnection)
                            Connector.open("socket://:1234");

// Wait for a connection.
SocketConnection sc = (SocketConnection) scn.acceptAndOpen();

   // Set application specific hints on the socket.
   sc.setSocketOption(DELAY, 0);
   sc.setSocketOption(LINGER, 0);
   sc.setSocketOption(KEEPALIVE, 0);
   sc.setSocketOption(RCVBUF, 128);
   sc.setSocketOption(SNDBUF, 128);

// Get the input stream of the connection.
DataInputStream is = sc.openDataInputStream();

// Get the output stream of the connection.
DataOutputStream os = sc.openDataOutputStream();

// Read the input data.
String result = is.readUTF();

// Echo the data back to the sender.
os.writeUTF(result);

   // Close everything.
   is.close();
   os.close();
   sc.close();
   scn.close();
   ..

    SocketConnection的使用也是非常简单，通过Connector的open方法我们可以得到一个SocketConnection的实例。
   SocketConnection sc = (SocketConnection)
                         Connector.open("socket://host.com:79");
   sc.setSocketOption(SocketConnection.LINGER, 5);

InputStream is = sc.openInputStream();
OutputStream os = sc.openOutputStream();

   os.write("/r/n".getBytes());
   int ch = 0;
   while(ch != -1) {
       ch = is.read();
   }

   is.close();
   os.close();
   sc.close();
其实我们在用socket编写程序的时候无非遵循这样的一种规则：服务器端建立监听端口等待连接，客户端通过open()方法与服务器端建立连接，两端通过建立的socket传输数据，关闭连接。

下图是我在运行WTK中NetworkDemo的时候的截图!代码也一并贴出来。

package socket;

import javax.microedition.midlet.*;
import javax.microedition.io.*;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
import java.io.*;

public class SocketMIDlet extends MIDlet implements CommandListener {

private static final String SERVER = "Server";

private static final String CLIENT = "Client";

private static final String[] names = { SERVER, CLIENT };

private static Display display;

private Form f;

private ChoiceGroup cg;

private boolean isPaused;

private Server server;

private Client client;

private Command exitCommand = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 1);

private Command startCommand = new Command("Start", Command.ITEM, 1);

public SocketMIDlet() {

   display = Display.getDisplay(this);
   f = new Form("Socket Demo");
   cg = new ChoiceGroup("Please select peer", Choice.EXCLUSIVE, names,
     null);
   f.append(cg);

   f.addCommand(exitCommand);
   f.addCommand(startCommand);
   f.setCommandListener(this);

display.setCurrent(f);
}

public boolean isPaused() {
return isPaused;
}

public void startApp() {
isPaused = false;
}

public void pauseApp() {
isPaused = true;
}

public void destroyApp(boolean unconditional) {
   if (server != null) {
    server.stop();
   }
   if (client != null) {
    client.stop();
   }
}

public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable s) {
   if (c == exitCommand) {
    destroyApp(true);
    notifyDestroyed();
   } else if (c == startCommand) {
    String name = cg.getString(cg.getSelectedIndex());
    if (name.equals(SERVER)) {
     server = new Server(this);
     server.start();
    } else {
     client = new Client(this);
     client.start();
    }
   }
}

}

package socket;

import javax.microedition.midlet.*;
import javax.microedition.io.*;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
import java.io.*;

public class Server implements Runnable, CommandListener {
private SocketMIDlet parent;

private Display display;

private Form f;

private StringItem si;

private TextField tf;

private boolean stop;

private Command sendCommand = new Command("Send", Command.ITEM, 1);

private Command exitCommand = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 1);

InputStream is;

OutputStream os;

SocketConnection sc;

ServerSocketConnection scn;

Sender sender;

public Server(SocketMIDlet m) {
   parent = m;
   display = Display.getDisplay(parent);
   f = new Form("Socket Server");
   si = new StringItem("Status:", " ");
   tf = new TextField("Send:", "", 30, TextField.ANY);
   f.append(si);
   f.append(tf);
   f.addCommand(exitCommand);
   f.setCommandListener(this);
   display.setCurrent(f);
}

public void start() {
Thread t = new Thread(this);
t.start();
}

public void run() {
   try {
    si.setText("Waiting for connection");
    scn = (ServerSocketConnection) Connector.open("socket://:5009");

    // Wait for a connection.
    sc = (SocketConnection) scn.acceptAndOpen();
    si.setText("Connection accepted");
    is = sc.openInputStream();
    os = sc.openOutputStream();
    sender = new Sender(os);

// Allow sending of messages only after Sender is created
f.addCommand(sendCommand);

    while (true) {
     StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
     int c = 0;

     while (((c = is.read()) != '/n') && (c != -1)) {
      sb.append((char) c);
     }

     if (c == -1) {
      break;
     }
     si.setText("Message received - " sb.toString());
    }
    stop();
    si.setText("Connection is closed");
    f.removeCommand(sendCommand);
   } catch (IOException ioe) {
    if (ioe.getMessage().equals("ServerSocket Open")) {
     Alert a = new Alert("Server", "Port 5000 is already taken.",
       null, AlertType.ERROR);
     a.setTimeout(Alert.FOREVER);
     a.setCommandListener(this);
     display.setCurrent(a);
    } else {
     if (!stop) {
      ioe.printStackTrace();
     }
    }
   } catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
   }
}

public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable s) {
   if (c == sendCommand && !parent.isPaused()) {
    sender.send(tf.getString());
   }

   if ((c == Alert.DISMISS_COMMAND) || (c == exitCommand)) {
    parent.notifyDestroyed();
    parent.destroyApp(true);
   }
}

/**
* Close all open streams
*/
public void stop() {
try {
stop = true;

    if (is != null) {
     is.close();
    }

    if (os != null) {
     os.close();
    }

    if (sc != null) {
     sc.close();
    }

    if (scn != null) {
     scn.close();
    }
   } catch (IOException ioe) {
   }
}
}

package socket;

import javax.microedition.midlet.*;
import javax.microedition.io.*;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
import java.io.*;

public class Client implements Runnable, CommandListener {
private SocketMIDlet parent;

private Display display;

private Form f;

private StringItem si;

private TextField tf;

private boolean stop;

private Command sendCommand = new Command("Send", Command.ITEM, 1);

private Command exitCommand = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 1);

InputStream is;

OutputStream os;

SocketConnection sc;

Sender sender;

public Client(SocketMIDlet m) {
   parent = m;
   display = Display.getDisplay(parent);
   f = new Form("Socket Client");
   si = new StringItem("Status:", " ");
   tf = new TextField("Send:", "", 30, TextField.ANY);
   f.append(si);
   f.append(tf);
   f.addCommand(exitCommand);
   f.addCommand(sendCommand);
   f.setCommandListener(this);
   display.setCurrent(f);
}

/**
* Start the client thread
*/
public void start() {
Thread t = new Thread(this);
t.start();
}

public void run() {
   try {
    sc = (SocketConnection) Connector.open("socket://localhost:5009");
    si.setText("Connected to server");
    is = sc.openInputStream();
    os = sc.openOutputStream();

    // Start the thread for sending messages - see Sender's main
    // comment for explanation
    sender = new Sender(os);

    // Loop forever, receiving data
    while (true) {
     StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
     int c = 0;

     while (((c = is.read()) != '/n') && (c != -1)) {
      sb.append((char) c);
     }

     if (c == -1) {
      break;
     }

     // Display message to user
     si.setText("Message received - " sb.toString());
    }
    stop();
    si.setText("Connection closed");
    f.removeCommand(sendCommand);
   } catch (ConnectionNotFoundException cnfe) {
    Alert a = new Alert("Client", "Please run Server MIDlet first",
      null, AlertType.ERROR);
    a.setTimeout(Alert.FOREVER);
    a.setCommandListener(this);
    display.setCurrent(a);
   } catch (IOException ioe) {
    if (!stop) {
     ioe.printStackTrace();
    }
   } catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
   }
}

public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable s) {
   if (c == sendCommand && !parent.isPaused()) {
    sender.send(tf.getString());
   }

   if ((c == Alert.DISMISS_COMMAND) || (c == exitCommand)) {
    parent.notifyDestroyed();
    parent.destroyApp(true);
   }
}

/**
* Close all open streams
*/
public void stop() {
try {
stop = true;

    if (sender != null) {
     sender.stop();
    }

    if (is != null) {
     is.close();
    }

    if (os != null) {
     os.close();
    }

    if (sc != null) {
     sc.close();
    }
   } catch (IOException ioe) {
   }
}
}

package socket;

import javax.microedition.midlet.*;
import javax.microedition.io.*;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
import java.io.*;

public class Sender extends Thread {

private OutputStream os;

private String message;

public Sender(OutputStream os) {
this.os = os;
start();
}

public synchronized void send(String msg) {
message = msg;
notify();
}

public synchronized void run() {

while (true) {

    // If no client to deal, wait until one connects
    if (message == null) {
     try {
      wait();
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
     }
    }

    if (message == null) {
     break;
    }

    try {
     os.write(message.getBytes());
     os.write("/r/n".getBytes());
    } catch (IOException ioe) {
     ioe.printStackTrace();
    }

    // Completed client handling, return handler to pool and
    // mark for wait
    message = null;
   }
}

public synchronized void stop() {
message = null;
notify();
}
}