Hibernate的基本开发流程

一、Hibernate开发的基本流程

                                   

二、Hibernate开发的环境搭建

1、引入Hibernate核心包以及Hibernate依赖包即可。可以在Hibernate目录下的\lib\required目录下找到所需jar包。

2、加入数据库驱动。这里主要是采用Mysql数据库来操作，所以在这里引入MysqL的JDBC驱动。

3、提供核心配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml文件（在src文件夹下即可）。

三、数据库方面的操作

在mysql中新建一个数据库Hibernate5，然后建立如下的一个表来进行测试。

create table T_register
(
    id    int primary key,
    userName varchar(30),
    userPwd varchar(30),
    sex varchar(10),
    age int
)

四、编写POJO类

根据数据表的字段情况，创建如下持久化类，实际上是一个javaBean类

package com.chen;public class TRegister{    //定义基本属性，与数据库中的字段对应。注意都是引用类型     private Integer id;     private String userName;     private String userPwd;     private String sex;     private Integer age;    // Constructors    /** default constructor */    public TRegister() {    }    /** minimal constructor */    public TRegister(Integer id) {        this.id = id;    }        /** full constructor */    public TRegister(Integer id, String userName, String userPwd, String sex, Integer age) {        this.id = id;        this.userName = userName;        this.userPwd = userPwd;        this.sex = sex;        this.age = age;    }       // 定义get set方法    public Integer getId() {        return this.id;    }        public void setId(Integer id) {        this.id = id;    }    public String getUserName() {        return this.userName;    }        public void setUserName(String userName) {        this.userName = userName;    }    public String getUserPwd() {        return this.userPwd;    }        public void setUserPwd(String userPwd) {        this.userPwd = userPwd;    }    public String getSex() {        return this.sex;    }        public void setSex(String sex) {        this.sex = sex;    }    public Integer getAge() {        return this.age;    }        public void setAge(Integer age) {        this.age = age;    }}

五、配置相关的xml文件

1、配置hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN""http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"><hibernate-configuration><session-factory>    <!-- 配置连接数据库的基本信息 --><property name="connection.username">root</property><property name="connection.password">root</property><property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property><property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.148:3306/hibernate5</property><!-- 配置 hibernate 的基本信息 --><!-- hibernate 所使用的数据库方言 --><property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLInnoDBDialect</property><!-- 执行操作时是否在控制台打印 SQL --><property name="show_sql">true</property><!-- 是否对 SQL 进行格式化 --><property name="format_sql">true</property><!-- 指定关联的 .hbm.xml 文件 --><mapping resource="com/chen/TRegister.hbm.xml"/></session-factory></hibernate-configuration>

注意：Hibernate4连接MySQL5.X数据库无法自动创建表，解决方法把数据库方言设为

<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</property>

2、配置映射文件TRegister.hbm.xml 

在持久化类所在的包中建立TRegister.hbm.xml ,可以通过eclipse Hibernate插件来完成

<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN""http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"><!-- Generated 2017-3-7 22:14:28 by Hibernate Tools 3.4.0.CR1 --><hibernate-mapping>    <class name="com.chen.TRegister" table="TREGISTER">        <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">            <column name="ID" />            <!-- 我在MYSQL中并没有设置该字段递增，但在Hibernate中依然可以设置为递增 -->            <generator class="increment" />        </id>        <property name="userName" type="java.lang.String">            <column name="USERNAME" />        </property>        <property name="userPwd" type="java.lang.String">            <column name="USERPWD" />        </property>        <property name="sex" type="java.lang.String">            <column name="SEX" />        </property>        <property name="age" type="java.lang.Integer">            <column name="AGE" />        </property>    </class></hibernate-mapping>

六、编写事务处理类HibernateUtil.java

package hibernate;import org.hibernate.HibernateException;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder;public class HibernateUtil {        private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory;        static    {        try        {            Configuration config = new Configuration().configure();            ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry=            new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(config.getProperties())            .buildServiceRegistry();            sessionFactory = config.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);        }        catch(Throwable e)        {            throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);        }    }        public static final ThreadLocal session = new ThreadLocal();        public static Session currentSession() throws HibernateException    {        Session s = (Session)session.get();        //Open a new Session,if this Thread has none yet        if(s == null || !s.isOpen())        {            s = sessionFactory.openSession();            session.set(s);        }        return s;    }        public static void closeSession() throws HibernateException    {        Session s = (Session)session.get();        session.set(null);        if(s != null)            s.close();    }}

七、编写Servlet控制类RegisterServlet

package servlet;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.PrintWriter;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import org.hibernate.HibernateException;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.Transaction;import com.chen.TRegister;import hibernate.HibernateUtil;/** * Servlet implementation class RegisterServlet */@WebServlet("/RegisterServlet")public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;private static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "text/html;charset=GBK";       /**     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()     */    public RegisterServlet() {        super();        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub    }/** * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) */protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {response.setContentType(CONTENT_TYPE);        request.setCharacterEncoding("GBK");                PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();                String userName = request.getParameter("userName");        String userPwd = request.getParameter("userPwd");        String sex = request.getParameter("sex");        int age = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("age"));                TRegister rg = new TRegister();        rg.setAge(age);        rg.setSex(sex);        rg.setUserName(userName);        rg.setUserPwd(userPwd);                Session session = HibernateUtil.currentSession();//生成Session实例        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();                try        {            session.save(rg);    //保存持久类对象            tx.commit();        //提交到数据库            session.close();            response.sendRedirect("registerOK.jsp");        }        catch(HibernateException e)        {            e.printStackTrace();            tx.rollback();        }            }/** * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) */protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {// TODO Auto-generated method stubdoGet(request, response);}}

八、编写jsp页面进行测试

1、register.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GBK"    pageEncoding="GBK"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GBK"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body><form action="RegisterServlet" method="POST">    用户名：<input type="text" name="userName" /><BR>    密  码：<input type="text" name="userPwd" /><BR>    性  别：<input type="text" name="sex" /><BR>    年  龄：<input type="text" name="age" /><BR>    <input type="submit" value="save" /></form></body></html>

2、registerOK.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body>数据已保存到数据库，请查看.......</body></html>

九、运行验证

运行register.jsp页面，填写信息，完成后点击save完成保存。查看数据库可以看到数据已保存。